高等學(xué)校研究生英語系列教材綜合教程上Unit

1、高等院校研究生英語系列教材綜合教程（上）綜合教程（上）INTEGRATED COURSE2UNIT 2ART OF THE TABLE Content Starting out Reading Focus Reading More Practical Translation Focused Writing Final ProjectTask 1 Chinese cuisine has become widespread in many parts of the worldfrom East Asia to North America, Australia to Western Europe.

2、Regional cultural differences vary greatly among the different regions of China, giving rise to the different styles of food. There are eight main regional cuisines: Anhui, Guangdong, Fujian, Hunan, Jiangsu, Shandong, Sichuan and Zhejiang. Work in pairs to choose two different regional cuisines with

3、 which you are familiar from the eight alternatives above. Compare them by discussing the ingredients, preparation, flavors etc. (P35)Whats your favorite dish? Why? How is it prepared?Task 2 With the ever-widening opening up to the outside world, Western practices exert some influence, yet they have

4、 not really changed the eating habits of the Chinese people. (P35)Do you think globalization will have an effect on traditional Chinese eating habits? If so, why and how? If not, why not?Task 3 Discuss with your partner the following questions. Globalization is everywhere. In the food industry, we s

5、ee that giants such as KFC and McDonalds have entered Chinese market and established many franchises in major Chinese cities. (P35) Do you often eat Western style fast food in KFCs or McDonalds? If yes, what do you think of the food served there? If not, why not? Some people worry that the popularit

6、y of the Western style fast food among Chinese people, young people in particular, will give rise to a decline in the popularity of traditional Chinese food, such as, the steamed bun. (P35) Do you agree? Why or why not? Apart from American fast food and hotel buffets, what do you know about western

7、eating habits?Task 31. With all these new choices, we must use food pyramid guide to make _.2. This most important group is made up of all food _.3. But vegetable group also includes carrots, potatoes and other_.4. _is rich in protein, vitamins and minerals including calcium.5. _is the smallest part

8、. healthy food selectionmade from whole grainsslightly edible plantsDairy food The tip of the pyramid Food PyramidListen carefully to an audio clip about food pyramid and complete the blank-filling exercise.Culinary Delights in China Global Understanding 2Detailed Information3Critical Thinking4Langu

9、age Points5Vocabulary in Action6Background Information1Listen to a dialogue on Food and Restaurants, and complete the gap-filling exercise. 1. If you want a hamburger, hotdog or fried potato, you can go to those _ or _.2. But remember, if you choose to stay there enjoying your food, you should _ aft

10、er finishing the meal.3. And if you want some vegetables, you can go to the _ on the street.4. In diners or coffee shops, you can order food of various levels according to _ and _.5. Finally, using _ are the easiest way to solve your food problem. You can find anything in it.refreshment stands snack

11、 bars pay some tips salad bars your own preference economic statusvending machines Global Understanding2Local Chinese cuisines3Every dish has a story4Warmth and hospitalityexpressed by food(Paras. 2-5)(Paras. 6-11)(Paras. 12-15) Introduction (Para. 1)Local Chinese cuisinesSichuan cuisine:A. _B. _C.

12、the use of Chinese prickly ash seeds and other spices like chili pepper Global Understandingdelicious yet economicalfamous for its spicy and hot food Guangdong cuisine:A. with its _ _ _B. famous for _ _C. _Global Understandingown characteristics that has exerted a far-reaching influence on other par

13、ts of China and the worldits seafood as well as for its originality and refined cooking processesoffering various soupsLocal Chinese cuisinesZhejiang cuisine:A. _B. _Global Understandinglight and exquisitewith the refreshing flavors of natureLocal Chinese cuisinesEvery dish has a storyGlobal Underst

14、andingGoubuli:A. Goubuli steamed buns _.B. They were _. Dongpo Meat:A. _, a greatpoet of the Northern SongDynasty.B. _. first sold in Tianjin about 150 years ago so popular that the owner had no time to answer his customersThis dish was named after Su DongpoHe rewarded workers with stewed pork in so

15、y sauceEvery dish has a storyGlobal UnderstandingBuddha Jumping over the Wall:A. This dish was created in the _.B. It is prepared _.C. _. Gathering Spring Garden in Fuzhou, Fujian, during the reign of Qing Emperor Guangxu.with more than 20 main ingredientsA poet wrote a poem for the dishWarmth and h

16、ospitality expressed by foodGlobal UnderstandingEating habits have not changed.A. The old and young _.B. Elders _.C. The hostess or host _.D. Every one_. sit in order of seniority select food for the young and the young make toasts to the eldersapportions the dishes to treat gueststakes into conside

17、ration the needs of the groupGlobal UnderstandingSpecial food for social festivals:A. _.B. _.C. _.Jiaozi for the Spring FestivalYuanxiao for the Lantern FestivalZongzi for Duanwu FestivalWarmth and hospitality expressed by foodTask 2Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the sentence

18、 from the text. (P 43) Detailed Information Key 1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- 9- 10-CDABDBBDABCritical ThinkingReading Focus1. Every dish has a story. In the text there are three stories about names: Goubuli steamed buns, Dongpo Meat and Buddha Jumping over the Wall. Tell the story behind a famous dish wi

19、th which youre familiar.How about “過橋米線”？Reading FocusCritical ThinkingReading FocusCritical Thinking2. “The names of some dishes are so eccentric that they may confuse people, both Chinese and foreigners. If you only translate the names literally with no explanation, you could make a fool of yourse

20、lf.” Do you agree? Provide examples to support or argue against the authors point.How about “螞蟻上樹”？Reading FocusCritical Thinking3. Some people say that you are what you eat. In the text, the author believes that culinary customs have had a certain influence on the character of the Chinese people. D

21、o you agree or not? Draw on your personal experience or come up with facts to support your opinion.Reading FocusCritical Thinking4. Now more and more Chinese also celebrate Western festivals. With the popularity of Western festivals in China. Do you think that Chinese people will be less concerned a

22、bout what food they eat at festivals? Back up your opinion with examples.1. Sichuan, known as Natures Storehouse, is also a storehouse of cuisine. Here, each and every restaurant provides delicious yet economical culinary fare. (Para. 3) fare: (n.) 1) food, especially food served in a restaurant or

23、eaten on a special occasion e.g. traditional Christmas fare 2) the price you pay to travel somewhere by bus, train, plane etc. e.g. Air fares have shot up by 20%.Language Point 2. Guangdong Province is located in southern China, with a moderate climate and abundant produce all year round. (Para. 4)

24、moderate: (adj.) neither very big nor very small, very hot nor very cold, very fast nor very slow etc 中等的，適度的中等的，適度的 moderate exercise 適度的運(yùn)動(dòng) a moderate income 過得去的收入 have moderate success 大致還算成功 at a moderate speed 以適中的速度 “produce”, used as a noun, means food or other things that have been grown or

25、produced on a farm to be sold e.g. fresh local produce 新鮮特產(chǎn) dairy produce 奶產(chǎn)品 Language Point 3. Zhejiang cuisine is light and exquisite, and is typical of food from along the lower Yangtze River. (Para. 5) light: (adj.) food or alchholic drink that is light either does not have a strong flavor or is

26、 easy to digest e.g. 1) We had a light white wine with the fish. 2) a light, refreshing dessert exquisite: (adj.) extremely beautiful and delicate 精致的；精致的；精美的精美的 e.g. an exquisite hand-painted vase 精致的手繪花瓶精致的手繪花瓶 Language Point 4. Buddha Jumping over the Wall was created in a restaurant called Gathe

27、ring Spring Garden in Fuzhou, Fujian, during the reign of the Qing Emperor, Guangxu (1875-1908). (Para. 11) reign: (n.) the period of time during which someone is king or queen e.g. changes that took place during his reign reign: (v.) to rule a nation or group of nations as their king, queen, or emp

28、eror e.g. George VI reigned from 1936 to 1952.Language Point 5. The elders select food for the young while the young make toasts to the elders. (Para. 12) If you make a toast to someone, you drink something in order to thank them, wish them luck etc. e.g. Id like to make a toast to the bride and gro

29、om. Language Point 6. In China, food eaten during festivals is particularly important. At different festivals, people partake of different fare. (Para. 15) partake of: to eat or drink something that is offered to you e.g. 1) Grandmother likes to partake of a small glass of sherry before lunch. 2) Wi

30、ll you partake of a glass of wine? Language Point Task 1Choose the answer that is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the sentence. (P46)Vocabulary in Action Key 1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- 9- 10-ABBCBABCACTask 21. budA. A blossom develops from a _.B. In this poem, the _ flower means youth.2. a

31、ccessA. The only _ to that ancient castle is along a muddy track.B. Users can _ their voice mail remotely.3. tasteA. The medicine had a slightly bitter _.B. There was a lot of hard work before we first _ success.Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate form of the word given and explain its me

32、aning. (P47)Vocabulary in Action bud (n.)budding (adj.)access (n.)access (v.)taste (n.)taste (v.)4. foolA. Katherine was nobodys _ when it came to money.B. Its no good _ yourself. Hes not coming back.5. produceA. The factory _ an incredible 100 cars per hour.B. We sell tinned goods and local _.6. ga

33、rnishA. They _ the room with modern paintings.B. The chicken was served with _of parsley and green onion.7. reignA. The Queen _ but does not rule.B. The kings _ lasted for 30 years.Vocabulary in Action fool (n.)fooling (n.)produces (v.)produces (n.)garnish (v.)garnishes (n.)reigns (v.)reign (n.)8. c

34、oncernA. Environmental protection is a growing _ in China.B. He loved his wife, and _ for her happiness.9. nameA. The building is _ after a successful entrepreneur.B. Could I call you by your first _?10. practiceA. Ive_ playing the piano for five years.B. It is his_ to take a walk after dinner every

35、 evening.Vocabulary in Action concern (n.)concerned (v.)named (v.)name (n.)practiced (v.)practice (n.)Task 3Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate word from the box. Change the form if necessary.Vocabulary in Action masterpiece integrate partake steam choiceamaze pleasure present aspire hand

36、integrationchoicehandedaspiringsteamingVocabulary in Action masterpiecespleasurepartakeamazingpresentedmasterpiece integrate partake steam choiceamaze pleasure present aspire handA Cuisine Crisis Global Understanding Critical Thinking Language Points Vocabulary in Action1234Discuss in groups to iden

37、tify the missing information.Reading MoreGlobal UnderstandingAbout FrenchcuisineA. As for raw materials, there are: herbs, fruits and vegetables _; seafood, e.g. _ wild game, e.g. _; and sausages and cheeses laid out to _.piled high in greengrocers creative geometricsoysterhare, venison, boarsmell a

38、nd savorDiscuss in groups to identify the missing information.Reading MoreGlobal UnderstandingAbout FrenchcuisineB. Nothing has stood for Frances sense of exceptionalism more famously than its cooking. e.g. Water has many _ _ tastes and the taste of olive oils can be _ _.C. If French cuisine has pre

39、stige, thats because a. _ _ b. _ _. different and marketable nutty, fruity impudentFrance has chefs who are interested in good productsFrance still has peasant agriculture as well as factory farmsReading MoreGlobal UnderstandingMany factors caused the decline of French cuisineA. Globalization_ _ Man

40、y fruits and vegetables on the outdoor market are imported from foreign countries. Gallic talent, taste and technique have been exported all over the world and at the same time, what is mediocre, cheap and popular has been imported. Reading MoreGlobal UnderstandingMany factors caused the decline of

41、French cuisineB. Government tax and economic policies a. b. c. d.More and more restaurateurs have to cope with red tape, not to mention edicts from Brussels that affect everything from sales taxes to the bacteria in the Brie. The “harmonized” value-added taxes benefit fast-food chains while penalizi

42、ng sit-down restaurants.Strict labor laws restrict hiring, firing and temp-work. Government regulations, for example, CAP, favor quantity over quality.Critical ThinkingCritical ThinkingReading MoreCritical ThinkingRead the following sentences and decide whether you agree with the author or not. Work

43、 in groups to provide examples to support or argue against the authors points.1. Globalization is partly responsible for the decline of French cuisine.2. Artistic success often spells business disaster. 1. Meanwhile, what was mediocre elsewherealbeit cheap and popularhas been imported. (Para. 4)medi

44、ocre: (adj.) not very goode.g. 1) I thought the book was pretty mediocre. 2) Hes a person of mediocre abilities. albeit: (conj.) although; even if; even though 盡管，即使；縱然 e.g. a peaceful, albeit brief retirement 雖然短暫但卻很平靜的退休生活 Language Point 2. From the Napa Valley to the Thames and Tokyo, non-French

45、cooks have cracked the codes of the best French cuisine. (Para. 4) Paraphrase: Cooks from other parts of the world have learned the highlights of the French cuisine.crack: (v.) to solve a complicated problem, or to find the answer to a mystery 解決(難題)；解開(秘密) e.g. Detectives believe they can crack the

46、 case. 偵探們相信他們可以破這個(gè)案子。 Language Point 3. They have become ensnarled in the red tape for which France is infamous. (Para. 5)ensnarl: (v.) to entangle or catch in (or as if in) a mesh net e.g. Park rangers found three deer that had become ensnared in traps. 公園管理員找到了3只被困在陷阱里的鹿。 ensnared into a loveless

47、 relationship 受騙而陷入一種沒有愛的關(guān)系之中 infamous: well known for something bad e.g. an infamous criminal 臭名昭著的罪犯 Language Point 4. But the real paradox of French cookingin France, at leastis that artistic success often spells business disaster. (Para. 7) paradox: situation or idea that is strange because it h

48、as features or qualities that you would not expect to exist together 自相矛盾的情況；似非而是的說法；悖論 e.g. the paradox of people with the best qualifications not being able to get jobs 高學(xué)歷的人無法找到工作的怪事 spell trouble/disaster/danger etc: if a situation or action spells trouble etc, it makes you expect trouble etc: e

49、.g. 1) The lack of rain could spell disaster for farmers. 2)These changes spell ruin for the company.Language Point 5. If the French were under the same fiscal regime as the United States, wed be able to create twice as many jobs. (Para. 8)regime: (n.)1) a particular system of government or manageme

50、nt, especially one you disapprove of e.g. military/totalitarian/fascist regime; brutal/oppressive/corrupt regime2) a particular system, used especially when talking about a previous system, or one that has just been introduced e.g. Under the new regime, all sheep and cattle will be regularly tested

51、for disease.Language Point 6. Many small farmers and restaurateurs seem to be fighting a rearguard action just to survive. (Para. 11)fighting a rearguard action: to make a determined effort to prevent a change that you think is bad, although it seems too late to stop it e.g. 1) They have been fighti

52、ng a rearguard action to stop a supermarket being built on the land. 2) He fought a stubborn rearguard action against political reform.Language Point 7. The problems afflicting French cuisine are emblematic of those that plague the economy as a whole. (Para. 12)plague: (v.) to cause continual discom

53、fort, suffering, or trouble to someone e.g. 1) He has been plaguing me with silly questions. 2) Financial problems continued to plague the company.Language Point Choose the answer that is closest in meaning to the underlined word or phrase in the sentence. (P56)Vocabulary in Action Key 1- 2- 3- 4- 5

54、- 6- 7- 8- 9- 10-AADBABCAABTask 1Task 2 e.g. Artistic success often spells business disaster.“Spell” means indicate /signify in the sentence. English words assume different meanings in different contexts. Explain the meaning of the underlined word in the context. (P57)Vocabulary in Action Vocabulary

55、 in Action 1. The congenial quaintness of the street market, in fact, draws directly on globalization.“congenial” means _ in the sentence.2. Non-French cooks have cracked the codes of the best French cuisine.“crack” means _ in the sentence.pleasantunderstandVocabulary in Action 3. At the annual agri

56、cultural fair in Paris this spring, visitors not only enjoyed sipping wines, but olive oils.“fair” means _ _ in the sentence. 4. Olive oilsone a little nutty, another quite fruity, some of them, one is tempted to say, just a little impudent. “impudent” means _ in the sentence. an event in which peop

57、le or businesses show or sell their productscheekyVocabulary in Action 5. Consider the value-added taxes that were “harmonized” all over Europe during the 1990s. “harmonized” means _ in the sentence. 6. They penalize sit-down restaurants, whether humble bistros or haute cuisine. “humble” means _ in

58、the sentence. unifiedmodest or unpretentiousVocabulary in Action 7. The CAP is supposed to benefit small farmers, keep them on the land and thus nurture the terroir that gives French cooking its soul. “nurture” means _ in the sentence.8. The problems afflicting French cuisine are emblematic of those

59、 that plague the economy as a whole. “afflict” means _ in the sentence. “plague” means _ in the sentence.cherishcause pain or sufferannoy/troubleVocabulary in Action 9. Like French cuisine, the French economy still holds the occasional surprise. “hold” means _ in the sentence.10. But the basic probl

60、ems of bureaucracy, taxes and social reluctance to change remain a burden for everyone. “reluctance” means _ in the sentence.haveunwillingness 1. 融合法融合法 融合法是指翻譯時(shí)把主句和定語從句融合成一句簡單句，其中的定語從句譯成簡單句中的謂語部分。由于限制性定語從句與主句關(guān)系較緊密，所以，融合法多用于翻譯限制性定語從句，尤其是 there be 結(jié)構(gòu)帶有定語從句的句型。原句中的主句部分there is a man 翻譯成“有人”，然后將定語從句譯成句