基于51單片機(jī)的簡(jiǎn)易函數(shù)信號(hào)發(fā)生器

1、山東科技大學(xué)電工電子實(shí)驗(yàn)教學(xué)中心 創(chuàng)新性實(shí)驗(yàn)研究報(bào)告創(chuàng)新性實(shí)驗(yàn)研究報(bào)告實(shí)驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目名稱(chēng)簡(jiǎn)易函數(shù)信號(hào)發(fā)生器 一、實(shí)驗(yàn)摘要 用AT89C51單片機(jī)采用程序設(shè)計(jì)方法構(gòu)成的波形發(fā)生器，可產(chǎn)生方波、三角波、正弦波，再通過(guò)DA轉(zhuǎn)換器DAC0832將數(shù)字信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換成模擬信號(hào),并通過(guò)LM324集成運(yùn)放把信號(hào)放大，通過(guò)示波器將波形顯示在屏幕上。波形的周期可用程序改變，此設(shè)計(jì)具有線路簡(jiǎn)單、結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、性能優(yōu)越等特點(diǎn)。通過(guò)仿真測(cè)試，其性能指標(biāo)達(dá)到了設(shè)計(jì)要求。并進(jìn)行實(shí)際焊接電路板，進(jìn)行波形測(cè)試，均達(dá)到了實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?。二、?shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?、進(jìn)行硬件電路設(shè)計(jì)。2、編寫(xiě)程序，并進(jìn)行程序測(cè)試。3、利用單片機(jī)采用軟件設(shè)計(jì)方法產(chǎn)生三種波形。4、焊

2、接電路，將程序下載到單片機(jī)，并用示波器對(duì)輸出程序進(jìn)行測(cè)試。三、實(shí)驗(yàn)場(chǎng)地及儀器、設(shè)備和材料：實(shí)驗(yàn)場(chǎng)地：電子技術(shù)實(shí)驗(yàn)室。儀器、設(shè)備和材料：雙通道數(shù)字示波器、AT89C52單片機(jī)、DAC0832、LM324、電腦、杜邦線、洞洞板、電烙鐵等。四、實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容1、實(shí)驗(yàn)原理數(shù)字信號(hào)可以通過(guò)數(shù)/模轉(zhuǎn)換器轉(zhuǎn)換成模擬信號(hào)，因此可通過(guò)產(chǎn)生數(shù)字信號(hào)再轉(zhuǎn)換成模擬信號(hào)的方法來(lái)獲得所需要的波形。89C51單片機(jī)本身就是一個(gè)完整的微型計(jì)算機(jī)，具有組成微型計(jì)算機(jī)的各部分部件：中央處理器CPU、隨機(jī)存取存儲(chǔ)器RAM、只讀存儲(chǔ)器ROM、I/O接口電路、定時(shí)器/計(jì)數(shù)器以及串行通訊接口等，只要將89C51再配置鍵盤(pán)及其接口、顯示器及其接

3、口、數(shù)模轉(zhuǎn)換及波形輸出、指示燈及其接口等四部分，即可構(gòu)成所需的波形發(fā)生器，其信號(hào)發(fā)生器構(gòu)成原理框圖如下圖所示。濾波放大電路數(shù)模轉(zhuǎn)換電路單片機(jī) 89C51是整個(gè)波形發(fā)生器的核心部分，通過(guò)程序的編寫(xiě)和執(zhí)行，產(chǎn)生各種各樣的信號(hào)，當(dāng)數(shù)字信號(hào)電路到達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)換電路，將其轉(zhuǎn)換成模擬信號(hào)也就是所需要的輸出波形。并經(jīng)過(guò)濾波放大電路將波形輸出出來(lái)。2、 實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容 1、運(yùn)用keil軟件對(duì)程序進(jìn)行編寫(xiě)，運(yùn)行程序，并進(jìn)行程序修改。 2、運(yùn)用protues軟件進(jìn)行硬件電路仿真設(shè)計(jì)。 3、將程序下載到仿真單片機(jī)中，并觀測(cè)輸出波形。 4、對(duì)程序進(jìn)行修改，再次運(yùn)行仿真軟件，直到輸出理想的波形。 5、仿照仿真軟件進(jìn)行硬件電路的焊接。

4、 6、將程序下載到單片機(jī)，并用示波器測(cè)試輸出波形。 7、對(duì)程序進(jìn)行修改，直到輸出滿意的波形為止。3、實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟1、首先打開(kāi)keil軟件. 2、運(yùn)用keil軟件對(duì)程序進(jìn)行編寫(xiě)，程序見(jiàn)附件。3、打開(kāi)protues軟件.4、運(yùn)用protues軟件對(duì)硬件電路進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。9C51單片機(jī)是該信號(hào)發(fā)生器的核心，具有2個(gè)定時(shí)器，32個(gè)并行I/O口，1個(gè)串行I/O口，5個(gè)中斷源。由于本設(shè)計(jì)功能簡(jiǎn)單，數(shù)據(jù)處理容易，數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)空間也足夠，因?yàn)槲覀儾捎昧似x法選擇芯片，進(jìn)行芯片的選擇和地址的譯碼。在單片機(jī)最小最小系統(tǒng)中，單片機(jī)從P1口接收來(lái)自鍵盤(pán)的信號(hào)，并通過(guò)P0口輸出控制信號(hào)，通過(guò)DA轉(zhuǎn)換芯片最終由示波器顯示輸出波形。單

5、片機(jī)引腳分配如下：XTAL1，XTAL2：外接晶振，產(chǎn)生時(shí)鐘信號(hào)。RST：復(fù)位電路；P2口：8位數(shù)字信號(hào)輸出輸出，外接DAC0832；P3.6口和P3.7口：DAC0832的時(shí)鐘信號(hào)； 單片機(jī)模塊 單片機(jī)輸出的是數(shù)字信號(hào)，因?yàn)橐玫侥M信號(hào)的波形就必須對(duì)其進(jìn)行數(shù)模轉(zhuǎn)換。我們采用了DAC0832數(shù)模轉(zhuǎn)換器，該芯片具由8位輸入鎖存器、8位DAC寄存器、8位D/A轉(zhuǎn)換器及轉(zhuǎn)換控制電路四部分構(gòu)成。由于其輸出為電流輸出，因?yàn)橥饧舆\(yùn)算放大器LM324使之轉(zhuǎn)換為電壓輸出。最后通過(guò)示波器顯示輸出的波形。 數(shù)模轉(zhuǎn)換模塊 運(yùn)放模塊 整體硬件電路圖五、實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果與分析1、實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象、數(shù)據(jù)記錄 仿真波形2、對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象、數(shù)

6、據(jù)及觀察結(jié)果的分析與討論：經(jīng)過(guò)觀察調(diào)試，再觀察，再調(diào)試，最終輸出的波形較為理想。此次試驗(yàn)經(jīng)過(guò)一系列的調(diào)試，最終輸出的波形為正弦波、方波、三角波。剛開(kāi)始在給運(yùn)放接電源時(shí)，接的電源不是穩(wěn)恒直流電源（用示波器測(cè)試了一下電源的輸出波形，雖然電源上寫(xiě)的是直流穩(wěn)恒電源，但是發(fā)現(xiàn)他的波形摻雜有雜波），所以測(cè)出來(lái)的波形不是正弦波、方波和三角波。分析原因可能與運(yùn)放的電源有關(guān)，所以在實(shí)驗(yàn)室找到了數(shù)控穩(wěn)恒直流電源，經(jīng)過(guò)給運(yùn)放供電，發(fā)現(xiàn)輸出了正弦波、方波、三角波。所以給運(yùn)放供電的電源必須是經(jīng)濾波后的平穩(wěn)電源，否則對(duì)運(yùn)放有很大影響。3、關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)： 此次試驗(yàn)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)是程序的編寫(xiě)，在程序編寫(xiě)的過(guò)程中請(qǐng)教了眾多的編程高手，最終在

7、大家的幫助下編寫(xiě)出了能輸出正弦波、方波、三角波的程序。此次試驗(yàn)另一個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)是硬件電路的焊接。在硬件電路焊接中首先應(yīng)根據(jù)仿真軟件進(jìn)行焊接，當(dāng)焊完以后還要對(duì)電路進(jìn)行測(cè)試，以防止電路不通。第三個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)是在給運(yùn)放供電時(shí)的電源一定要是穩(wěn)恒直流電源，不能摻雜有雜波。六、實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)論基于單片機(jī)的信號(hào)發(fā)生器設(shè)計(jì)，這個(gè)信號(hào)發(fā)生器的設(shè)計(jì)中涉及到一個(gè)典型的控制過(guò)程。通過(guò)單片機(jī)控制一個(gè)模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換器DAC0832產(chǎn)生所需要的電流，然后使用運(yùn)算放大器LM324可以將其電流輸出線性地轉(zhuǎn)換成電壓輸出，再將電壓經(jīng)過(guò)運(yùn)算放大器的放大，可以得到足夠幅度的信號(hào)。通過(guò)程序的控制，可以產(chǎn)生一系列有規(guī)律的波形。這樣一個(gè)信號(hào)發(fā)生裝置在控制領(lǐng)域有相

8、當(dāng)廣泛的應(yīng)用范圍。最終做出來(lái)的信號(hào)發(fā)生器滿足了題目中的所有要求：產(chǎn)生三種波形。正弦波、三角波、矩形波。 當(dāng)然還是存在不足的地方，比如不能實(shí)現(xiàn)頻率的按一個(gè)小的步進(jìn)調(diào)整。并且當(dāng)頻率太小時(shí)矩形波會(huì)有些失真。信號(hào)發(fā)生器可以生成更多的波形，只需要再加些波形表即可。七、指導(dǎo)老師評(píng)語(yǔ)及得分：簽名： 年 月 日附件：源程序等。正弦波程序：#include <reg51.h>#define uchar unsigned char#define uint unsigned intsbit cs=P37; sbit wr=P36; uchar j;uint ys,a=0;uchar code tosin

9、256= 0x80,0x83,0x86,0x89,0x8d,0x90,0x93,0x96,0x99,0x9c,0x9f,0xa2, 0xa5,0xa8,0xab,0xae,0xb1,0xb4,0xb7,0xba,0xbc,0xbf,0xc2,0xc5, 0xc7,0xca,0xcc,0xcf,0xd1,0xd4,0xd6,0xd8,0xda,0xdd,0xdf,0xe1, 0xe3,0xe5,0xe7,0xe9,0xea,0xec,0xee,0xef,0xf1,0xf2,0xf4,0xf5, 0xf6,0xf7,0xf8,0xf9,0xfa,0xfb,0xfc,0xfd,0xfd,0xfe,0

10、xff,0xff, 0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xfe,0xfd, 0xfd,0xfc,0xfb,0xfa,0xf9,0xf8,0xf7,0xf6,0xf5,0xf4,0xf2,0xf1, 0xef,0xee,0xec,0xea,0xe9,0xe7,0xe5,0xe3,0xe1,0xde,0xdd,0xda, 0xd8,0xd6,0xd4,0xd1,0xcf,0xcc,0xca,0xc7,0xc5,0xc2,0xbf,0xbc, 0xba,0xb7,0xb4,0xb1,0xae,0xab,0xa8,0xa5,0xa2,0

11、x9f,0x9c,0x99, 0x96,0x93,0x90,0x8d,0x89,0x86,0x83,0x80,0x80,0x7c,0x79,0x76, 0x72,0x6f,0x6c,0x69,0x66,0x63,0x60,0x5d,0x5a,0x57,0x55,0x51, 0x4e,0x4c,0x48,0x45,0x43,0x40,0x3d,0x3a,0x38,0x35,0x33,0x30, 0x2e,0x2b,0x29,0x27,0x25,0x22,0x20,0x1e,0x1c,0x1a,0x18,0x16, 0x15,0x13,0x11,0x10,0x0e,0x0d,0x0b,0x0a,0

12、x09,0x08,0x07,0x06, 0x05,0x04,0x03,0x02,0x02,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,0x02,0x02,0x03,0x04,0x05, 0x06,0x07,0x08,0x09,0x0a,0x0b,0x0d,0x0e,0x10,0x11,0x13,0x15, 0x16,0x18,0x1a,0x1c,0x1e,0x20,0x22,0x25,0x27,0x29,0x2b,0x2e, 0x30,0x33,0x35,0x38,0x3a,0x3d,0x40,0

13、x43,0x45,0x48,0x4c,0x4e, 0x51,0x55,0x57,0x5a,0x5d,0x60,0x63,0x66 ,0x69,0x6c,0x6f,0x72, 0x76,0x79,0x7c,0x80 ;/*正弦波碼 */ void delay(uint z) /延時(shí)子程序 uchar i,j; for(i=z;i>0;i-) for(j=110;j>0;j-); void delay1(uint y) uint i; for(i=y;i>0;i-); void main() cs=1;wr=1;cs=0;wr=0;while(1) /正弦波 P2=tosinj;

14、j+;delay(1); wr=1; cs=1; 方波程序：#include <reg51.h>#define uchar unsigned char#define uint unsigned intsbit cs=P37; sbit wr=P36; uchar j;uint ys,a=0;uchar code tosin256= 0x80,0x83,0x86,0x89,0x8d,0x90,0x93,0x96,0x99,0x9c,0x9f,0xa2, 0xa5,0xa8,0xab,0xae,0xb1,0xb4,0xb7,0xba,0xbc,0xbf,0xc2,0xc5, 0xc7,

15、0xca,0xcc,0xcf,0xd1,0xd4,0xd6,0xd8,0xda,0xdd,0xdf,0xe1, 0xe3,0xe5,0xe7,0xe9,0xea,0xec,0xee,0xef,0xf1,0xf2,0xf4,0xf5, 0xf6,0xf7,0xf8,0xf9,0xfa,0xfb,0xfc,0xfd,0xfd,0xfe,0xff,0xff, 0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xfe,0xfd, 0xfd,0xfc,0xfb,0xfa,0xf9,0xf8,0xf7,0xf6,0xf5,0xf4,0xf2,0xf1,

16、0xef,0xee,0xec,0xea,0xe9,0xe7,0xe5,0xe3,0xe1,0xde,0xdd,0xda, 0xd8,0xd6,0xd4,0xd1,0xcf,0xcc,0xca,0xc7,0xc5,0xc2,0xbf,0xbc, 0xba,0xb7,0xb4,0xb1,0xae,0xab,0xa8,0xa5,0xa2,0x9f,0x9c,0x99, 0x96,0x93,0x90,0x8d,0x89,0x86,0x83,0x80,0x80,0x7c,0x79,0x76, 0x72,0x6f,0x6c,0x69,0x66,0x63,0x60,0x5d,0x5a,0x57,0x55,0

17、x51, 0x4e,0x4c,0x48,0x45,0x43,0x40,0x3d,0x3a,0x38,0x35,0x33,0x30, 0x2e,0x2b,0x29,0x27,0x25,0x22,0x20,0x1e,0x1c,0x1a,0x18,0x16, 0x15,0x13,0x11,0x10,0x0e,0x0d,0x0b,0x0a,0x09,0x08,0x07,0x06, 0x05,0x04,0x03,0x02,0x02,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,0x02,0x02,0x03,0

18、x04,0x05, 0x06,0x07,0x08,0x09,0x0a,0x0b,0x0d,0x0e,0x10,0x11,0x13,0x15, 0x16,0x18,0x1a,0x1c,0x1e,0x20,0x22,0x25,0x27,0x29,0x2b,0x2e, 0x30,0x33,0x35,0x38,0x3a,0x3d,0x40,0x43,0x45,0x48,0x4c,0x4e, 0x51,0x55,0x57,0x5a,0x5d,0x60,0x63,0x66 ,0x69,0x6c,0x6f,0x72, 0x76,0x79,0x7c,0x80 ;/*正弦波碼 */ void delay(uin

19、t z) /延時(shí)子程序 uchar i,j; for(i=z;i>0;i-) for(j=110;j>0;j-); void delay1(uint y) uint i; for(i=y;i>0;i-); void main() cs=1;wr=1;cs=0;wr=0; while(1) /方波P2=0xff;delay(1);P2=0;delay(1); wr=1; cs=1; 三角波程序：#include <reg51.h>#define uchar unsigned char#define uint unsigned intsbit cs=P37; sbit

20、 wr=P36; uchar j;uint ys,a=0;uchar code tosin256= 0x80,0x83,0x86,0x89,0x8d,0x90,0x93,0x96,0x99,0x9c,0x9f,0xa2, 0xa5,0xa8,0xab,0xae,0xb1,0xb4,0xb7,0xba,0xbc,0xbf,0xc2,0xc5, 0xc7,0xca,0xcc,0xcf,0xd1,0xd4,0xd6,0xd8,0xda,0xdd,0xdf,0xe1, 0xe3,0xe5,0xe7,0xe9,0xea,0xec,0xee,0xef,0xf1,0xf2,0xf4,0xf5, 0xf6,0

21、xf7,0xf8,0xf9,0xfa,0xfb,0xfc,0xfd,0xfd,0xfe,0xff,0xff, 0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xfe,0xfd, 0xfd,0xfc,0xfb,0xfa,0xf9,0xf8,0xf7,0xf6,0xf5,0xf4,0xf2,0xf1, 0xef,0xee,0xec,0xea,0xe9,0xe7,0xe5,0xe3,0xe1,0xde,0xdd,0xda, 0xd8,0xd6,0xd4,0xd1,0xcf,0xcc,0xca,0xc7,0xc5,0xc2,0xbf,0xbc, 0xba,0xb7,0xb4,0xb1,0xae,0xab,0xa8,0xa5,0xa2,0x9f,0x9c,0x99, 0x96,0x93,0x90,0x8d,0x89,0x86,0x83,0x80,0x80,0x7c,0x79,0x76, 0x72,0x6f,0x6c,0x69,0x66,0x63,0x60,0x5d,0x5a,0x57,0x55,0x51, 0x4e,0x4c,0x48,0x45,0x43,0x40,0x3d,0x3a,0x38,0x35,0x33,0x30, 0x2e,0x2b,0x29,0x27,0x25,0x22,0x20,0x1e