中考復(fù)習(xí)八 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞及其被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

1、中考復(fù)習(xí)八 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞及其被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 撰稿：趙吉存責(zé)編：郭素清 考試要求： 中考要求掌握.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在一般疑問(wèn)句的問(wèn)與答，理解情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示猜測(cè)的用法及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)應(yīng)用。知識(shí)總結(jié)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的態(tài)度，認(rèn)為“可能”，“應(yīng)該”或“必要”等。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身詞義不完全，不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，必須和動(dòng)詞原形連用（ought除外）。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱和單復(fù)數(shù)的變化。常用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有can(could), may(might), must, ought to, have to, need, dare, shall(should), will(would)。1. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can 和could的主要

2、用法（1）表示能力，“能，會(huì)”。 Can you swim? His granny is over eighty but still can read without glasses. 注意：can和be able to表示“能力”時(shí)的區(qū)別a. can只有現(xiàn)在式和過(guò)去式兩種形式，而be able to除了現(xiàn)在式和過(guò)去式，還有將來(lái)式和完成式等多種 形式。 She will be able to help you tomorrow afternoon. This is the information that I have been able to get so far. b. can一般表示習(xí)慣

3、的能力，而be able to表示特定的具體能力。 I could swim when I was very young. He is able to swim across this river. c. be able to的主語(yǔ)必須是人或動(dòng)物，而can沒(méi)有這樣的限制。 No one can / is able to do it. The book can be finished in two days. （2）表示“許可”，“允許”。can 和could沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)上的區(qū)別，could比can在語(yǔ) 氣上更客氣；在回答could引導(dǎo)的一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí)要用can。 Could/Can you tell

4、 me the way to the railway station? Could I use your pen? Yes, of course you can. （3）表示“可能”，多用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句。 We know that a computer cant think for itself. Can she still be alive after all these years?（4）表示否定推測(cè)，“不可能”。 The shy boy cant(couldnt) be our monitor. （對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的否定推測(cè)） The ground is dry. It cant have

5、rained last night. （對(duì)過(guò)去情況的否定推測(cè)）2. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may和might 的主要用法（1）表示許可，意為“可以”。 might比may語(yǔ)氣上更客氣，更委婉。在回答may和might引導(dǎo)的一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，肯定回答用may， 否定回答要用mustnt。 May/Might I go now? Yes, you may. No, you mustnt. May/Might I have a talk with you?（2）表示可能性，“可能”，might的可能性比較小。 You may/might walk for miles here without meeting anyo

6、ne. He may/might be sick. （3）表示可能情況的推測(cè)，might的可能性比較小。 That woman goes into the classroom. She may/might be our teacher. They might/may have gone out at that time. （4）表示祝愿。（may+名詞或代詞+動(dòng)詞） May you succeed! May God bless you!3. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must 的主要用法（1）must表示“必須”，“應(yīng)該”，否定式must not/mustnt表示“不準(zhǔn)”，“禁止”。 在回答must引導(dǎo)的一般疑

7、問(wèn)句時(shí)，否定回答要用neednt或dont have to。 The work must be finished as soon as possible. You mustnt speak that way to your mother in future. Must I be home before ten oclock? No, you neednt/dont have to.（2）表示肯定推測(cè)，“一定”，“肯定”。 You must be hungry after such a long walk. （對(duì)現(xiàn)在的肯定推測(cè)） I didnt heart the phone. I must h

8、ave been asleep. （對(duì)過(guò)去的肯定推測(cè)）注意：must和have to的區(qū)別must表示說(shuō)話人的主觀看法，而have to表示客觀需要；must只有一種形式，可用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般將來(lái)時(shí)，而have to有多種形式，可用于不同時(shí)態(tài)。I must be at the railway station at two oclock. Its very important. I have to be at my office before eight every morning. The students of today will have to decide how to use th

9、e computers of tomorrow.4. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 need 的主要用法（1）need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一般用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句和條件句。 need無(wú)人稱變化，后接動(dòng)詞原形，意思是“需要”。 在回答need引導(dǎo)的一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，肯定回答用must，否定回答用neednt。 He neednt do that. Need you go now? Yes, I must. No, I neednt. 注意：need可用作行為動(dòng)詞，用法與一般的行為動(dòng)詞一樣。We need to think it over. Does he need to go now?She didnt need to know

10、it. （2）need have done表示過(guò)去需要做某事而實(shí)際上沒(méi)有做；neednt have done表 示過(guò)去某動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生而實(shí)際上不必發(fā)生。 You need have painted the wall light yellow The bus stop is not far, you neednt have hurried there early. 5. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 shall 的主要用法（1）shall用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，用于第二和第三人稱，表示說(shuō)話人的意愿，有“命令”，“警告”， “允諾”的意思。 You shall do as I say. You can tell him that

11、 he shall have it tomorrow. （2）在疑問(wèn)句中，shall用來(lái)征詢對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)或請(qǐng)求指示，多用于第一人稱。 Shall we take a walk after dinner? Shall I open the window? Its hot here. Lets go home together, shall we?6. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 should 的主要用法（1）表示“應(yīng)該”，說(shuō)話人主觀上認(rèn)為的責(zé)任和義務(wù)，可用于所有人稱。 You should keep your promise once you make it. I told him that he should b

12、e more careful. （2）should have done表示過(guò)去應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際上沒(méi)有做的事，而shouldnt have done表示過(guò)去不應(yīng) 該做而實(shí)際上已經(jīng)做了的事。 Its eleven oclock. He should have arrived there by now. You shouldnt have told anyone about that. 7. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞ought to 的主要用法（1）表示“應(yīng)該”，沒(méi)有人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，只有一種形式。 否定形式為ought not to（縮寫(xiě)形式為oughtnt to），疑問(wèn)形式為ought+主語(yǔ)+to+動(dòng)詞。 You

13、ought to do it now. Ought we to obey the school rules? Yes, you ought(to). No, you ought not(to).（2）ought to have done表示過(guò)去本應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際上沒(méi)有做，oughtnt to have done表示過(guò)去本不 應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際上已經(jīng)做了。 You ought to have come here that day, but you didnt. You oughtnt to have studied geography. 8. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 will 的主要用法（1）表示“意志”，“意愿”，用

14、于個(gè)人稱。 You have to go there alone, whether you will or not. We will help her if she asks to us. （2）在疑問(wèn)句中用于第二人稱，表示詢問(wèn)對(duì)方的意愿或向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)求。 Will you please give him a message when you see him? Will you go with us?（3）表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，“總是”，“慣于”。 Fish will die out of water. She will talk for hours if you give her the chan

15、ce. 9. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 would 的主要用法（1）would是 will 的過(guò)去式，表示過(guò)去的“意志”，“愿望”，用于各個(gè)人稱。 She said that she would do that whatever happened. I promised you that I would do my best to help you. （2）用于陳述句和疑問(wèn)句中表示說(shuō)話人的意愿或向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)求，語(yǔ)氣比will委婉。 Would you like some apples? Yes, Id like to. I would like to go with you tonight. 10理解含有情態(tài)

16、動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成形式及其基本用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞; 其時(shí)態(tài)及句型的變化僅由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞完成，“be+過(guò)去分詞”部分不變。Tables can be made of stone. 桌子可由石頭制造。Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那時(shí)桌子可由石頭制造。（一般過(guò)去時(shí)）Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石頭制造嗎？（疑問(wèn)句）含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)榉穸ň鋾r(shí)，應(yīng)在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加not；變?yōu)橐话阋蓡?wèn)句時(shí)，應(yīng)將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞移到句首。Waste paper should not be thr

17、own here. 廢紙不應(yīng)該扔在這里。Should it be done by Li Ming？ 這件事應(yīng)該是李明干嗎？含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，要把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)；主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)椤扒閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞+助動(dòng)詞be+過(guò)去分詞”； 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)榻樵~by 的賓語(yǔ)，放在句尾（如果不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，by短語(yǔ)?？墒÷裕?。Parents should allow fourteen-year-olds to choose their own clothes.父母應(yīng)該允許十四歲的少年選擇他們自己的服裝。Fourteen-year-olds should be all

18、owed to choose their own clothes（by parents）。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥1語(yǔ)境理解錯(cuò)誤 Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace? Sorry, Im not sure. But it must be.解析 由“Im not sure”說(shuō)明說(shuō)話者的語(yǔ)氣并不肯定，考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞might表推測(cè)的用法。所以要改must為might。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)時(shí)，肯定句中用might，may，must，其肯定程度遞增。2. 否定形式混淆The man in the office mustnt be Mr. Black

19、because he went home just now.解析由“he went home just now”可知，辦公室里那個(gè)人不可能是Mr. Black。mustnt 意為“一定不要”表示禁止做某事， cant意為“不可能”，表示否定推測(cè)，所以改mustnt為cant。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定式含義不同，要牢記每個(gè)否定式的不同含義。3. 相似詞語(yǔ)混淆Can you go surfing with us this afternoon?Id like to. but I must look after my little sister at home, because my mother is ill

20、.解析由“my mother is ill”為客觀要求可知應(yīng)用have to，相似詞組must表示主觀愿望，所以改must為have to。要明白同義詞組表示主客觀需求的不同用法。4. 疑問(wèn)答語(yǔ)易混May I take this book out of the reading room? No, you neednt. Please read it here.解析May I？的否定答語(yǔ)為No, you cantmustnt.；Must l？的否定答語(yǔ)為No, you needntdont have to.；Can I？的否定答語(yǔ)為No, you cant. 所以改neednt.為mustnt。

21、在口語(yǔ)交際中，要體會(huì)句子中的情感差別, 要注意情感的細(xì)微變化。真題解析1_ you turn down your radio, please? Yes, I can. （2010 北京）AMay BNeed CMust DCan解析答案是D。句意：你能把收音機(jī)聲音調(diào)低一些嗎?好的，可以。本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。由答句“Yes，I can”可知答案為D項(xiàng)。2Can I wear any clothes I like to school? No, you cantYou _ wear a uniform. （2010 天津）Amight Bmust Cwill Dwould解析答案是B。 句意：我

22、可以穿我喜歡的任何一件衣服去上學(xué)嗎?不，你不能。你必須穿校服。本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。might可能，也許；must必須；will將要；would意愿。根據(jù)句意說(shuō)話者要表達(dá)命令的語(yǔ)氣，故選B項(xiàng)。3Everyone _ go through the security check (安檢) when ebtering the World Expo Park. （2010 上海）Acan Bmay Cmust Dought解析答案是C。 句意：當(dāng)進(jìn)入世博園時(shí)，每個(gè)人必須通過(guò)安檢。本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。can能，可能；may可以；must必須；ought應(yīng)該。根據(jù)常識(shí)及實(shí)際情況，進(jìn)人世博園必須安檢。故選C

23、。4Must I clean the room now? No，you _.You can do it tomorrow. （2010 重慶）Amustnt Bmust Cneednt Dneed解析答案是C。 句意：我現(xiàn)在必須打掃房間嗎?不必，你可以明天打掃。本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。對(duì)must引起的疑問(wèn)句的否定回答要用neednt。5Its the library! So you _ know shouting is not allowed here（2010 江蘇南京）Acan Bmust Cneed Dmay解析答案是B。 句意：這是圖書(shū)館!所以你必須得知道這里不允許大聲喧嘩。本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

24、的用法。must在本句表示“必須”；can表示能力，可能；need需要；may可以，可能。根據(jù)句意，可知答案為must。6I saw Kevin in the supermarket this morning No，it _ himHe moved to Canada last week（2010 廣東）Acan be Bmust be Ccant be Dmustnt be解析答案是C。 句意：今天早晨我在超市看到了Kevin。不，不可能是他。上個(gè)星期他搬到加拿大了。本題考查了情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)的用法。根據(jù)后句“He moved to Canada last week”可知說(shuō)話者要表達(dá)“不可能”

25、，故答案應(yīng)為C。can表示“可能”時(shí)，常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句；must表推測(cè)時(shí)，意為“一定”，常用于肯定句。7Look at that girl! Is it Susan? No, it _ be her. She has gone back to her hometown. （2010 湖北武漢）Amustnt Bcant Cneednt Dwouldnt解析答案是B。 句意：看那個(gè)女孩!是蘇珊?jiǎn)?不，不可能是她。她已經(jīng)回老家了。本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。根據(jù)句意，可推斷設(shè)空處表示“不可能”，故答案為B項(xiàng)。can表推測(cè)時(shí)，常用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句或條件句中。mustnt禁止，不可以；neednt不必

26、；wouldnt可表示“不愿意”等。8Im feeling much better now so you _ call the doctor. （2010 浙江杭州）A. couldnt B. wouldnt C. cant D. neednt解析答案是D。 句意：我現(xiàn)在感覺(jué)好多了，所有你沒(méi)有必要去叫醫(yī)生了。本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。need用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)通常用在否定句中，neednt意為“沒(méi)必要”，相當(dāng)于dont have to。9This desk is too heavy. I _ move it. Could you help me? No problem（2010 浙江溫州）Acan

27、Bcant Cshould D.shouldnt解析答案是B。 句意：這張桌子太重了。我搬不動(dòng)。你能幫我一下嗎?沒(méi)問(wèn)題。本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法。can表示人的能力；should應(yīng)該。由heavy和后面的尋求幫助可推知是能力上搬不動(dòng)。故選B。10The lake is said to be dryIs that true?It _Look，some kids are swimming in it（2010 四川成都）Amust be true Bcant be true Cmay not be true解析答案是B。句意：據(jù)說(shuō)那個(gè)湖干了，是真的嗎?不可能是真的?？?，還有小孩兒在里面游泳呢。本題考查

28、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。must be一定是；cant be不可能是，表把握性很大的推測(cè)；may not be可能不是。根據(jù)句意可知答案為B項(xiàng)。11Dad，must I do my homework now?NoYou _ play games with your friends for a little while（2010 福建福州）Awould Bneednt Cmay解析答案是C。句意：爸爸，現(xiàn)在我必須做作業(yè)嗎?不，你可以和你的朋友玩一會(huì)兒游戲。本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。根據(jù)句意，可知設(shè)空處表示說(shuō)話者的允許，故答案為C項(xiàng)。A：愿意；B：不必；C：可以。12What will the weather b

29、e like tomorrow?It _ be rainy, cloudy or sunny. Who knows? （2010 安徽）Amust Bmight Cshall Dshould解析答案是B。 句意：明天的天氣怎樣? 可能有雨、多云或者晴天，誰(shuí)知道呢?本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。must意為“一定”；might意為“可能”，表示一種可能性，且可能性很?。籹hall與第二、三人稱連用表示說(shuō)話者的建議、命令、允諾；should意為“應(yīng)該”，表示一種義務(wù)、責(zé)任或推斷。根據(jù)題干中Who knows?可知說(shuō)話者對(duì)說(shuō)話內(nèi)容把握不大，故用might。故選B項(xiàng)。13How was the youth

30、club last night, Mark?It was great fun. You _ come. （2010 江西）Amust Bcan Cshould Dmay解析答案是C。句意：Mark，你覺(jué)得昨晚的青年俱樂(lè)部怎么樣?非常有趣。你應(yīng)該來(lái)的。本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。must一定；can能；should應(yīng)該；may可以。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境：聚會(huì)在昨晚已舉行過(guò)，Mark覺(jué)得很有趣，對(duì)方應(yīng)該來(lái)，故用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should。14_ your American friend eat with chopsticks?Yes，but he cant use them well（2010 山西）ACan BSho

31、uld CMust解析答案是A。 句意：你的美國(guó)朋友會(huì)用筷子吃飯嗎?會(huì)，但他用得不太好。本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。can能；should應(yīng)該；must必須。根據(jù)句意，可知設(shè)空處表示能力，故答案為A項(xiàng)。15. _ I take some photos in the hall? (2010廣州市)No, you _ .A. Can; neednt B. Must ; mustnt C. Could; wont D. May; mustnt解析答案是D。 句意：我可以在大廳里拍照嗎？不，你不一定不要。；May I？的否定答語(yǔ)為No, you cantmustnt. Must l？的否定答語(yǔ)為No, y

32、ou needntdont have to.；Can I？的否定答語(yǔ)為No, you cant. 所以改neednt.為mustnt。在口語(yǔ)交際中，要體會(huì)句子中的情感差別, 要注意情感的細(xì)微變化。自我檢測(cè)一、單項(xiàng)選擇1Although I tried, I _ not succeed. A. would B. should C. might D. could2The last bus has gone. We _ go home on foot. A. could B. must C. have to D. can3Could you lend me your dictionary? Yes,

33、 I _. A. might B. could C. can D. may4I think I _ speak Japanese very well when I finish my lessons. A. could B. am able C. can D. shall be able to5You _ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like. A. mustnt B. neednt C. may not D. cannot6_ you please tell me how to get to the a

34、irport?A. Shall B. May C. Should D. Will7I cant find my pen anywhere. I _ it. A. would have lost B. should have lostC. must have lostD. might lose8Post the letter for me when you go out, _ you?A. will B. do C. dont D. shall9It was so dark outside that he _ go out alone. A. dared not to B. dared not

35、C. dares not D. doesnt dare to 10Since the ground is wet, it _ last night. A. must have rainedB. should have rained C. must rain D. has rained 11. You ought _ have done so even if possible. A. not to B. to not C. not D. never 12. He smokes too much. Well, he used to smoke more than he _ now. A. did

36、B. does C. could D. has13. I_work out the maths problem yesterday, but I can work it out now.A. cant B. couldnt C. may not D. neednt14. Judging by her accent, she _ be an American. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. will15. You _ to the meeting tomorrow if you have something important to do. A. neednt c

37、ome B. neednt to come C. dont need comeD. dont need coming二、用方框內(nèi)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞填空。（每詞只用一次）need, can, cant, shall, shouldnt, may, must, mustnt, have to, would 1. _ I show him the way? No，you neednt.2. Can you answer this question in French? No, I_.3. May I keep the book for three weeks? No, you_.4. Nobody_live

38、 without air or water.5. You_not worry. Everything will be all right.6. _I have some chocolates now? No, you mustnt.7. Children_be left alone.8. I_finish my homework before I go to bed.9. _we go out for a walk? Thats a good idea.10_you like some fish?三、完形填空（2010 重慶模擬）Several days ago, some students

39、from the US visited our school. When we talked, I discovered 1differences in school life between the US and China. For example, each class 2fifty minutes in the US. It is a little 3than that in China. We usually have forty-five minutes in each class. Another difference is that they have less break t

40、ime between 4. Besides, although most schools in both countries finish their 5classes at 12 oclock, the students in the US only have an hour-long break, so they 6eat lunch quickly. Their afternoon classes begin at 1:00 pm and school is over 73:00 pm. Then they take part in club activities or play sp

41、orts.Many Chinese students dont work during their high school years, while the US students like to find a part-time job in 8free time. They dont have a dream job in mind. They think 9is no difference between jobs. Working is a useful experience for them and they make money at the same time. Some of

42、them even take one-year full-time jobs 10they leave high school and then go to college.1Ano BfewClittleDsome2AlastsBfinishes CstartsDstays3AshorterBlonger Cearlier Dlater4AschoolsBclasses Cmeals Dstudents5AdayBnightCmorning Dafternoon6Acant Bmustnt Cneed to Dare able to7Ain BforCduringDaround8Amy Bh

43、isCtheir Dyour9Ait BthereCthatDthis10Aafter Bwith Cwhile Dduring四、閱讀理解（2010 福建福州）It was Mothers DayA man stopped his car at a flower shop to order some flowersHe wanted the shopkeeper to send the flowers to his mother，who lived two hundred miles awayAs he got out of his car，he found a young girl sit

44、ting on the road cryingHe asked her what was wrong and she replied，“I want to buy a red rose for my mother，but I only have seventy-five centsA rose costs two dollars”The man smiled and said，“Come into the shop with me，and Ill buy you a rose”He bought the little girl her rose and ordered his own moth

45、ers flowersAs they were leaving，he offered to drive the girl homeShe said，“Yes，please! You can take me to my mother”She brought him to a cemetery(墓地)，where she placed the rose on the graveThe man was movedHe returned to the flower shop，picked up the flowers he ordered，and drove two hundred miles to

46、his mothers houseToday is the day for your motherSend a flower to your kind and beautiful mother1The man went to the shop to _Ahave a rest Bhelp the girlCbuy some food Dorder some flowers2The mans mother lived _ away from himA2 kilometers B75 miles C200 miles D200 kilometers3The girl was crying on t

47、he road because _Ashe was hungry Bshe got hurtCshe couldnt afford a roseDshe couldnt find her way home4After the man bought the girl a rose，they went to _ togetherAthe cemetery Bhis shopCthe girls home Dhis mothers house5We can learn from the passage that _Athe girl loved flowers very muchBthe girl loved her mother very muchCthe shopkeeper sent the flowers to the mans motherDthe man drove to his mothers house to look after her答案與解析一、單項(xiàng)選擇1. D 該句的意思是“盡管我努力了，但是