必修三第一單元Learning_about_Language

1、1.淹沒(méi)，淹死淹沒(méi)，淹死vt.& vi2.悲哀，悲傷悲哀，悲傷n.3.編織編織vt.& vi.4.餓死餓死vi.& vt.5.牧群，獸群牧群，獸群n.6.原諒原諒vt.7.哭泣，流淚哭泣，流淚vt.8.道歉，辯白道歉，辯白vi.9.明顯的明顯的adj.10.提醒，使想起提醒，使想起vt. Revision 1.drown2.sadness3.weave4.starve5.herd6.forgive7.weep8.apologize9.obvious10.remind11.出現(xiàn)，到場(chǎng)出現(xiàn)，到場(chǎng)12.守信用，履行諾言守信用，履行諾言13.屏息，屏氣屏息，屏氣14.出發(fā)，動(dòng)身出發(fā)，動(dòng)身15.紀(jì)念，緬

2、懷紀(jì)念，緬懷16.發(fā)生發(fā)生17.搞惡作劇搞惡作劇18.期望期望19.日夜，整天日夜，整天20.玩得開心玩得開心11.turn up12.keep ones word13.hold ones breath14.set off15.in memory of16.take place 17.play a trick on18.look forward to19.day and night20.have fun withAnswer key for Discovering useful structuresas though belief celebration Christians custom h

3、ave fun with origin religiousMany people think that Christmas is a western _, but in fact it is really a worldwide holiday. Christmas actually started as a _ festival celebrated by _ around the world. Answer key for Its _ is around the 3rd or 4th century AD, when the _ of remembering Jesus birth on

4、December 25th first started. Today, of course, many people celebrate Christmas _ it were just a holiday to _ family, rather than a holiday about a _.Custom admire feast harvest trick belief starve gather gain look forward to Dont _the day you stop suffering, because when it comes you know youll be d

5、ead. A dog _ at his masters gate predicts the ruin of the state. I would rather have a mind opened by wonder than one closed by _. Answer key for _ you rosebuds while you may, old time is still a-flying, and this same flower that smiles today, tomorrow will be dying. However big the fool, there is a

6、lways a bigger fool to _ him. _ , then, is the great guide of human life. Other peoples _ are always the best _, but ones own children are always the best children. There is no _ on earth does not end in parting. Everyone has some _they can do, but each has his own way of doing them. Those who can l

7、ose shall _ ; those who wish for _shall lose. -Modal Verb I Modal Verb I Unit 1Unit 1 He must have gone to Beijing.2. The door was locked. She couldnt have been at home.3. They may be still waiting for us.Translate the following sentences into Chinese. Pay attention to the mood. 他一定已經(jīng)去北京了。他一定已經(jīng)去北京了。

8、門是鎖著的，門是鎖著的， 所以她不可能在家。所以她不可能在家。他們可能還在等我們呢。他們可能還在等我們呢。4. He might have read about the news in the newspaper.5. You should have told him a week ago.6. Can you give me some suggestions? 7. They wanted to know when you would go to the park. 他可能已經(jīng)從報(bào)紙上知道這個(gè)消息了。他可能已經(jīng)從報(bào)紙上知道這個(gè)消息了。你本來(lái)應(yīng)該在一周前告訴他的。你本來(lái)應(yīng)該在一周前告訴他的。你

9、能給我一些建議嗎？你能給我一些建議嗎？他們想知道你們什么時(shí)候去公園。他們想知道你們什么時(shí)候去公園。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示說(shuō)話人的某種感情或語(yǔ)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示說(shuō)話人的某種感情或語(yǔ)氣，對(duì)某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的某種態(tài)度。氣，對(duì)某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的某種態(tài)度。表示表示“需要、可以、必須、應(yīng)當(dāng)需要、可以、必須、應(yīng)當(dāng)”等。等。 什么是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞？什么是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞？ (Modal Verbs)(Modal Verbs)Words like can, will, may, must, and afew others are called modals. Modal verbs help other verbs express a mean

10、ing or an idea. Some common uses of the modals are these:Ability: 1 He can speak English now. 2 He couldnt speak English a year ago. 3 Im not able to come to the game on Friday.Permission: All passengers may now board. We can board now.Obligation: You must fasten your seat belts. (strong) You should

11、 pay attention. (weak) You ought to pay attention.Possibility: 1 It may rain. 2 How could I forget an important thing like that? 3 He cant /couldnt have known the result.Meanings similar to those of the modals can often be conveyed by real verb forms:He has to.=must is able tospeak English =can is a

12、llowed to.=may is supposed to=should 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)法特征情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)法特征1. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 不能單獨(dú)做謂語(yǔ)，除不能單獨(dú)做謂語(yǔ)，除ought 和和have外，后面只能接不帶外，后面只能接不帶to 的不定式。的不定式。 2. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱，數(shù)的變化，但有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱，數(shù)的變化，但有 些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如can, will也有一般式也有一般式 和過(guò)去式的變化。和過(guò)去式的變化。只作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的只作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的 can/could, may/might, ought to, must可情態(tài)可實(shí)義的可情態(tài)可實(shí)義的 need, dare/dared可情態(tài)

13、可助動(dòng)詞的可情態(tài)可助動(dòng)詞的 shall/should, will/would相當(dāng)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的相當(dāng)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的 have to, used to3. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的“時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)”形式并不是時(shí)間形式并不是時(shí)間區(qū)別的主要標(biāo)志，不少情況下，情態(tài)動(dòng)區(qū)別的主要標(biāo)志，不少情況下，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在式形式和過(guò)去式形式都可用來(lái)詞的現(xiàn)在式形式和過(guò)去式形式都可用來(lái)表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間、過(guò)去時(shí)間和將來(lái)時(shí)間。表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間、過(guò)去時(shí)間和將來(lái)時(shí)間。 1) can的主要用法是：的主要用法是： A. _： eg. The girl can dance very well. B. _： eg. Can the news be true?c

14、an 和和could：表示能力表示能力表示推測(cè)可能性表示推測(cè)可能性（多用于疑問(wèn)否定句中）（多用于疑問(wèn)否定句中）其他用法：命令，驚訝，不相信等。其他用法：命令，驚訝，不相信等。If you wont keep quiet, you can get out!You cant be serious! C. _:eg. Can I sit here? 表請(qǐng)求或允許表請(qǐng)求或允許2) could的主要用法是：的主要用法是： A. _: eg. We all knew that the young man couldnt be a doctor. 我三歲就能看書了。我三歲就能看書了。 Father said

15、 I could go out with my friends.could 是是can的過(guò)去式的過(guò)去式, 表示表示過(guò)去的能力過(guò)去的能力,許可和推測(cè)許可和推測(cè)Whats for dinner? I could eat a horse.My wife is in hospital. Our baby could arrive at any time.B. could可代替可代替can表示請(qǐng)求表示請(qǐng)求, 語(yǔ)氣委婉語(yǔ)氣委婉eg. Could you lend me your bike? Could I use your bike? -Yes, you canC 表示現(xiàn)在的可能與能力，可能性要小表示現(xiàn)在

16、的可能與能力，可能性要小D 表輕微的責(zé)備表輕微的責(zé)備You could be more careful.5) eg. They cant /couldnt have gone out because the light is still on.cant /couldnt have done 過(guò)否猜過(guò)否猜must do/be 現(xiàn)肯猜現(xiàn)肯猜cant do/be 現(xiàn)否猜現(xiàn)否猜must have done 過(guò)肯猜過(guò)肯猜 must表示推測(cè)，語(yǔ)氣非?？隙ǎ硎就茰y(cè)，語(yǔ)氣非?？隙ǎ醮_定的意味，一般用在肯定句。近乎確定的意味，一般用在肯定句。 如：如：It must be eleven oclock no

17、w. He must go crazy. If Mary didnt leave here until five oclock, she cant be home yet. 如果瑪麗五點(diǎn)才離開這兒，他此時(shí)如果瑪麗五點(diǎn)才離開這兒，他此時(shí)一定還未到家。一定還未到家。may 和和might ： may 常用來(lái)表示：常用來(lái)表示： A. _ eg. May I come in ? Yes, please. B. _表示請(qǐng)求、允許表示請(qǐng)求、允許;比比can正式正式:eg. -I believe the man is from England. -But I may be wrong. The guest

18、may arrive this afternoon表示猜測(cè)表示猜測(cè)答語(yǔ)避免使用答語(yǔ)避免使用may，以免顯得，以免顯得太嚴(yán)肅或太不客氣太嚴(yán)肅或太不客氣 The road may be blocked. 這條路可能不通了。這條路可能不通了。 The road can be blocked. 這條路可能會(huì)是不通的。這條路可能會(huì)是不通的。 在疑問(wèn)句中，表示可能性用在疑問(wèn)句中，表示可能性用can。 如：如：Where can he be? 他會(huì)在哪呢？他會(huì)在哪呢？可能性從大到小可能性從大到小: must. can could may might C. _ eg. May you succeed! May

19、 you have a good journey! 表示祝愿表示祝愿;語(yǔ)氣較正式語(yǔ)氣較正式:多在間接引語(yǔ)中表示多在間接引語(yǔ)中表示過(guò)去的可能和允許過(guò)去的可能和允許。也可以表示現(xiàn)在的可能性，但是比也可以表示現(xiàn)在的可能性，但是比may表示的可能性更小，且表示的可能性更小，且might可以用于虛擬可以用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣，語(yǔ)氣，may不可以。不可以。might 的用法有的用法有: She said that he might take her bike. 她說(shuō)他可以拿她的自行車去用。她說(shuō)他可以拿她的自行車去用。You might get some help from her if she were here.

20、will和和would：1. I will tell you something important.我將要告訴你一些重要的事我將要告訴你一些重要的事Will you tell her that Im here? 請(qǐng)您告訴她說(shuō)我在這兒，好嗎請(qǐng)您告訴她說(shuō)我在這兒，好嗎? I told him not to do it, but he would. （助動(dòng)詞）（助動(dòng)詞） （情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）will是助動(dòng)詞或是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是助動(dòng)詞或是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 用于構(gòu)成將來(lái)時(shí)是助動(dòng)詞。用于構(gòu)成將來(lái)時(shí)是助動(dòng)詞。用于表用于表“意志意志/決心決心/請(qǐng)求請(qǐng)求”是情態(tài)動(dòng)是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。詞。would亦同理，只是表過(guò)去。亦同理，只

21、是表過(guò)去。2. _ If you want help, let me know, will you? 如果你需要幫助如果你需要幫助, 讓我知道讓我知道, 好嗎好嗎? Would you type this, please? 請(qǐng)打印這個(gè)，好嗎？請(qǐng)打印這個(gè)，好嗎？ Wont you sit down? 請(qǐng)坐下，好嗎？請(qǐng)坐下，好嗎？ 疑問(wèn)句中用于第二人稱，提出請(qǐng)求疑問(wèn)句中用于第二人稱，提出請(qǐng)求表委婉不是表過(guò)去表委婉不是表過(guò)去3. _Would you help us, please? 請(qǐng)您幫助我們，好嗎？請(qǐng)您幫助我們，好嗎？Id go there with you. 我要和你一塊到那兒去。我要和你一

22、塊到那兒去。 Teacher wouldnt allow it. 老師不會(huì)允許這件事。老師不會(huì)允許這件事。（表請(qǐng)求）（表請(qǐng)求）would比比will客氣委婉?？蜌馕?。（表意愿）（表意愿）（表許可）（表許可）shall和和should： 1. Perhaps I shall pay a visit to England this winter.可能今年冬天我會(huì)去英國(guó)觀光?？赡芙衲甓煳視?huì)去英國(guó)觀光。 （構(gòu)成一般將來(lái)時(shí)（構(gòu)成一般將來(lái)時(shí), 助動(dòng)詞）助動(dòng)詞）shall用于構(gòu)成將來(lái)時(shí)是助動(dòng)詞。用于構(gòu)成將來(lái)時(shí)是助動(dòng)詞。Shall we go by train, Mom?媽媽，我們乘火車去好嗎？媽媽，我們

23、乘火車去好嗎？Shall he come in? 要他進(jìn)來(lái)嗎？要他進(jìn)來(lái)嗎？2. 用于征求意見(jiàn)用于征求意見(jiàn),是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞, 一般一般用于第一人稱和第三人稱用于第一人稱和第三人稱Dont worrt, you shall get the book.Nothing shall stop us.You shall get what you deserve.He shall be punished if he breaks the rule.No one shall smoke here. 3. 用于表允諾，決心，警告，命令用于表允諾，決心，警告，命令, 或頒布法令規(guī)定等。用于二三人稱?；蝾C布法

24、令規(guī)定等。用于二三人稱。4. eg: You should keep your promise. 你應(yīng)該遵守諾言。你應(yīng)該遵守諾言。You should call the police.*表示表示“按理說(shuō)按理說(shuō)”。Its 8 oclock now, he should be here at any moment.*表埋怨，用于表埋怨，用于“Shouldnt ?”Shouldnt you be doing your homework now? should表示義務(wù)表示義務(wù)/建議建議/勸告，意為勸告，意為 “應(yīng)應(yīng)該該”。 must 的主要用法：的主要用法： 1. _ eg: We must all

25、die. 人總要死的。人總要死的。 2. _eg: You must get up early. 你必須早起來(lái)。你必須早起來(lái)。表示必然性。表示必然性。表示強(qiáng)制表示強(qiáng)制/義務(wù)。義務(wù)。 如：如：We mustnt waste our time. - May I take this magazine out? - No, you mustnt. 注意注意: must not : “禁止禁止”。must 用于一般疑問(wèn)句的時(shí)候，用于一般疑問(wèn)句的時(shí)候，肯定回答用肯定回答用yes, please 或者或者 Im afraid so, 其否定回答用其否定回答用 neednt 或者或者 dont have to

26、表示推測(cè)，意為表示推測(cè)，意為“一定是一定是”。must+v 對(duì)現(xiàn)在的推測(cè)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的推測(cè)must+have+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞 對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)must+be+v-ing 對(duì)將來(lái)或現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的推測(cè)對(duì)將來(lái)或現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的推測(cè)表示表示“偏偏偏偏”，表達(dá)對(duì)某事的不滿或責(zé)備等情，表達(dá)對(duì)某事的不滿或責(zé)備等情緒。緒。Why must it rain on Sunday? -_ I go out to play, mum? -No, you_. You should do your homework first. A. Might; wouldnt B. May; had better not C. Mus

27、t; mustnt D. Need; mustntExercise 2. -Where is Emma? -I cant say for sure where she is, but she_ be out shopping. A. can B. should C. must D. may3. The room is in a terrible mess; it _ cleaned. A. cant have been B. couldnt be C. may have been D. would be4. There _ be any difficulty about passing the

28、 road test since you have practised a lot in the driving school. A. mustnt B. shant C. shouldnt D. neednt 1 Children under 12 years of age in that country _ be under adult supervision when in a public library. (2007 上海）上海） A. must B. may C. can D. need2 Whats the name？ Khulaifi. _ I spell that for y

29、ou？（？（2008 北京）北京） A. Might B. Would C. Can D. Shall 3 Some aspects of a pilots job_ be boring, and pilots often _ work at inconvenient hours. （2006 湖南）湖南） A. can；have to B. may；can C. have to; may D. ought to; must 4 The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I _ the trouble to carry my umbrella w

30、ith me. (2006 江西）江西） A should have taken B could have taken C neednt have taken D mustnt have taken5 Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful? It _ be, but it is now heavily polluted. （2007 全國(guó)全國(guó)I） A. will B. would C. should D. must 6 I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perha

31、ps I have driven her there. （2009 陜西）陜西） A. could B. must C. night D. should根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)完成句子。根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)完成句子。 A: _(我可以跟朋友我可以跟朋友 去去) to the harvest festival? B: Yes, you may. A: If I want to be a doctor, _ _ (我應(yīng)該學(xué)理科嗎我應(yīng)該學(xué)理科嗎)? B: I think so. May I go with friendsshould I studyscience 3. I dont know where she is, she

32、 _ _ (可能在武漢可能在武漢). 4. At this moment, our teacher _ (想必在批改想必在批改) our exam papers. 5. The road is wet. It _ (肯定下雨了肯定下雨了) last night. 6. Your mother _ _ (一定一直在找你一定一直在找你).maymust be markingmust have rainedmust have been lookingbe in Wuhanfor you7. Philip _ _(可能在車可能在車 禍中受了重傷禍中受了重傷). 8. -Linda has gone t

33、o work, but her bicycle is still here. -She _ (可能上班可能上班) by bus.9. Mike _ (一定還沒(méi)有找回一定還沒(méi)有找回) his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.may (might) have been hurtmay (might) have gonecant have foundseriously in the car accidentDiscovering useful structures 1. Most ancient festivals would celebra

34、te the end of cold weather . 2. Sometimes celebrations would be held after hunters had caught animals 3. At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find . 4. or to satisfy the ancestors , who might return either to help or to do harm. 5. For the Japanese festival Obon , people should

35、go to clean graves.Answer key for 6. It is now a childrens festival, when they can dress up and go . 7. the children might play a trick on them . 8. Festivals can also be held to honour famous people 9. Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events .10. In European countries ,people will usually decorate churches and town halls11. Some people might win awards for their farm produce.12. At the Spring Festival in china ,people may give children lucky money in red paper13. T