科技翻譯翻譯練習(xí)

1、1. Column A gives square roots. Extracting a square root is an operation, which can be handled by slide rule. A欄給出了平方根。求平方根的運(yùn)算可以用計(jì)算尺來(lái)進(jìn)行。2. A material object cannot have a speed greater than the speed of light. 一個(gè)物體的速度絕不會(huì)超過(guò)光速。3. Distillation involves heating the solution until water evaporates, and t

2、hen condensing the vapor. 蒸餾就是要把溶液加熱,直到水蒸發(fā),然后再使蒸汽冷凝。4. To return to the main menu at any time, press the MENU button on the remote control.5. If we close our eyes, we cannot see anything because our eyelids prevent the rays from entering our eyes. 6. We shall mention here two temperature scales, nam

3、ely, the Fahrenheit scale and the Centigrade scale. 這里我們將提及兩種溫標(biāo):華氏溫標(biāo)和攝氏溫標(biāo)。7. The power plant is the heart of a ship. 動(dòng)力裝置是船舶的心臟。8. The power unit for driving the machines is a 50-hp induction motor. 驅(qū)動(dòng)這些機(jī)器的動(dòng)力裝置是一臺(tái)50馬力的感應(yīng)電動(dòng)機(jī)。9. Traditionally, rural highway location has been field oriented, but the mo

4、dern method is “office” oriented. 10. A) Electrode potential depends on the concentration of the ions. 電極電位決定于離子濃度。(chemistry)11. B) The determination of trace concentrations of mercury in minerals is described. 文章論述礦物中痕量汞的測(cè)定。(measurement in physics )12. C) A concentration process is important now t

5、hat the depletion of high grade ores is possibility. 由于目前高品位的礦石可能用完,富集過(guò)程是重要的。(metallurgy)13. Electric power became the servants of man only after the motor was invented. 只是在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)發(fā)明之后，電力才開(kāi)始造福人類(lèi)。14. Thus the number of ions builds up very rapidly and a disruptive discharge, or spark, occurs. （使破裂的, 分裂性的）

6、 這樣，離子數(shù)目迅速增加，發(fā)生“擊穿放電”，也就是電火花。 15. More than 100 chemical elements are known to man; of these, about 80 are metals. 人類(lèi)已知的化學(xué)元素在100種以上，其中約有80種是金屬。4. The square on the longest side of any right-angled triangle is equal to the squares on the other sides added together. 任一直角三角形斜邊的平方都等于另兩條直角邊的平方和。5. Semico

7、nductor devices have no filament or heaters and therefore require no heating power or warm-up time. 半導(dǎo)體器件沒(méi)有燈絲或加熱器件，因此不需要電加熱或加熱時(shí)間。6. Many people would rather have gas to knock them out before they have their teeth out. 許多人在拔牙之前喜歡用氣體麻醉劑麻醉。7. It was Newton who proved mathematically that the path of a p

8、lanet must be an ellipse. 正是牛頓用數(shù)學(xué)方法證明了行星的軌道是橢圓形的。8. Acupuncture is the placing of hair-thin needles into the skins at special points of the body to ease pain and treat ailments. 所謂針灸療法就是把頭發(fā)般細(xì)的針刺入身體特定部位的皮膚，以達(dá)到鎮(zhèn)痛和治療疾病的效果。 9. The global satellite phone service has opened for business, giving people the

9、 power to make and receive call anywhere from Mountain Everest to the Dead Sea. 全球衛(wèi)星電話(huà)業(yè)務(wù)已開(kāi)通，從珠穆朗瑪峰到死海的任何地方，人們都可以打電話(huà)和接電話(huà)。 10. Cloning techniques vary from simple plant cuttings to the replication of adult mammals from their genetic material. 從簡(jiǎn)單的植物插條到用遺傳材料復(fù)制成年哺乳動(dòng)物，克隆技術(shù)各不相同。 11. You can rectify this f

10、ault if you insert a slash. /Rectification of this fault is achieved by insertion of a wedge. 插入一條斜線(xiàn)便可以糾正此錯(cuò)誤。12. We can improve its performance when we use super-heated steam. /An improvement of its performance can be affected by the use of super-heated steam. 可以使用超熱蒸氣改進(jìn)其性能。 13. The dependence of th

11、e rate of evaporation of a liquid on temperature is enormous. 液體蒸發(fā)速度很大程度上取決于它的溫度。 14. The construction of such satellites has now been realized, its realization being supported with all the achievements of modern science. 由于得到現(xiàn)代科學(xué)所有成就的支持，現(xiàn)在能制造出這樣的衛(wèi)星。15. A number energy conversion systems are now in

12、transportation 許多能量轉(zhuǎn)換系統(tǒng)現(xiàn)在已用于運(yùn)輸方面。 16. It is doubtful how accurate the results/The accuracy of these results is doubtful. 結(jié)果的正確性值得懷疑。17. If we add or remove heat, the state of matter may change./The addition or remove of heat may change the state of matter. 添加或者減少熱量可以改變物體的狀態(tài)。18. Television is the tra

13、nsmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves. 電視是通過(guò)電波發(fā)送和接收活動(dòng)物體的圖像的裝置。19. The flow of electrons is from the negative zinc plate to the positive copper plate. 電子從負(fù)的鋅板流向正的銅板。 20. Again in the case of all motor vehicles, friction is essential in the operation of the brake. 還有，所有機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)

14、輛的制動(dòng)器工作時(shí)都需要摩擦。 21. They are the employers of managers, as much as they are the employers of workpeople. 他們不僅雇用工人也雇用經(jīng)理。 22. Television is the transmission and reception of moving objects image by radio waves. 電視通過(guò)無(wú)線(xiàn)電波發(fā)射和接收活動(dòng)物體的圖像的裝置。23. Farm tractors are big users of diesel power. 農(nóng)用拖拉機(jī)也大多以柴油機(jī)為動(dòng)力。24.

15、 Before germination, the seed is watered./Before the plant germinates, it is watered. 在發(fā)芽前種子澆水。 25. A soluble crystalline solid may be separated from a solution by evaporation. 可溶性晶體可以通過(guò)蒸發(fā)從溶液中分離出來(lái)。 Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. People have applied rockets to exp

16、lore the universe.火箭已經(jīng)用來(lái)探索宇宙。 Curved rails resist the movement of the train.彎曲的鋼軌阻礙火車(chē)運(yùn)行。I doubt whether the news is true or not.我懷疑這消息是否確實(shí)。Archimedes first discovered the principle of displacement of water by solid bodies.阿基米德最先發(fā)現(xiàn)固體排水的原理The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change fro

17、m day to night.地球繞軸自轉(zhuǎn)，引起晝夜變化Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. 火箭已被用來(lái)探索宇宙。The addition of 2 percent sodium carbonate to boiling water increases the bactericide effect.在沸水中加入2%的碳酸鈉會(huì)增加殺菌效果。The testing of machines by this method entails some loss of power. 用這種方法實(shí)驗(yàn)機(jī)器會(huì)損失一

18、些功率。Failure to fix these symbols in mind keeps students from mastering the mathematical subjects they take up.由于未能記住這些符號(hào),使得許多學(xué)生無(wú)法掌握他們選修的教學(xué)課程。This higher cost is not entirely due to the shape of the part, or the use of a more expensive metal.成本較高不完全是由于部件的形狀,也不是由于使用的金屬比較昂貴。Despite all the improvements

19、, rubber still has a number of limitations. 盡管改進(jìn)了很多，但合成橡膠仍有一些缺陷。High precision implies a high degree of exactness but with no implication as to accuracy. 高精度意味著高度的精確度，但并不表明具有準(zhǔn)確性。All these factors play a key role in formulation of the model. 在擬定模型時(shí)，所有這些因素都將起到關(guān)鍵性的作用。The first step in the solution of a

20、ny dynamical problem is the selection of an appropriate coordinate system. 在解任何一個(gè)動(dòng)力學(xué)運(yùn)算題時(shí)要做的第一步就是選擇一個(gè)合適的坐標(biāo)。A chicken is a suitable specimen for the study of the general external features of a bird. 雞是研究禽類(lèi)外部特征的合適范例。The flow of electrons is from the negative zinc plate to the positive copper plate. 電子從

21、負(fù)的鋅極流向正的銅極。This law applies to all classes of levers. 這個(gè)定律適用于各類(lèi)杠桿。All bodies have inertia. 所有物體都具有慣性。(laws, rules, conclusions, truth- simple present tense)People discovered electricity a good many years ago. 人們很久以前就發(fā)現(xiàn)了電。The ancient people counted with stones. 古代人用石子記數(shù)。 (to introduce what was done i

22、n the past such as invention, creation, etc.- simple past tense)As oil is found deep in the ground, its presence cannot be determined by a study of the surface. Consequently, a geological survey of the underground rock structure must be carried out. If it is thought that the rocks in a certain area

23、contain oil, a “drilling rig” is assembled. The most obvious part of a drilling rig is called “a derrick”. It is used to lift sections of pipe, which are lowered into the hole made by the drill. As the hole is being drilled, a steel pipe is pushed down to prevent the sides from falling in. If oil is

24、 struck, a cover is firmly fixed to the top of the pipe and the oil is allowed to escape through a series of values.石油埋藏于地層深處。因此,僅研究地層表面, 無(wú)法確定有無(wú)石油,必須勘測(cè)地下的巖石結(jié)構(gòu)。如果確定了某一區(qū)域的巖石蘊(yùn)藏著石油,就此安裝鉆機(jī)。它的主要部分是機(jī)架,用以撐起一節(jié)一節(jié)的鋼管,讓其下到井孔。一邊鉆井,一邊下鋼管,以防周?chē)翆铀?。一旦出?就緊固管蓋,讓油從各個(gè)閥門(mén)噴出。今天,電子計(jì)算機(jī)廣泛地運(yùn)用于解決一些數(shù)學(xué)問(wèn)題,這些問(wèn)題與天氣預(yù)報(bào)和衛(wèi)星送入軌道有關(guān)。 Tod

25、ay the electronic computer is widely used in solving mathematical problems having to do with weather forecasting and putting satellites into orbit.少量或中量地生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品時(shí),數(shù)控機(jī)是極為有用的。Numerical control machines are most useful when quantities of products to be produced are low or medium記錄生產(chǎn)零件必需資料的磁帶可以存放起來(lái),需要時(shí), 還可重

26、新使用或修改。the tape containing the information required to produce the part can be stored, reused or modified when required.如果沒(méi)有吸引力,電子會(huì)以直線(xiàn)方向飛離質(zhì)子。If there were no attraction, the electron would fly away from the proton in a straight line.如果飛機(jī)速度降到一定水平以下,就會(huì)突然失去升力。A sudden loss of lift will be experienced i

27、n case the aircraft speed falls below a certain level.假如油泵失靈,運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)部件就會(huì)過(guò)熱。In case of an oil-pump failure, the moving parts will become overheated.萬(wàn)一有霧,飛機(jī)可以由指揮塔引導(dǎo)降落到跑道上。In the event of fog, aircraft can be guided down to the runway from the control tower.這部發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)可以很高速度運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn),條件是能夠把震動(dòng)降低。The engine can be run at

28、very high speeds on condition the vibrations can be damped out.只要火箭燃燒足夠的燃料使它產(chǎn)生足夠的推力,它就會(huì)不斷加速。As long as a rocket burns enough fuel to provide sufficient thrust, it will contribute to increase in speed.讓水冷卻10分鐘,然后再測(cè)溫度。Allow the water to cool for ten minutes and then make the temperature.這些機(jī)器應(yīng)小心輕放。The

29、machines should be handled with great care.表面必須清掃干凈。The surface must be cleaned.船裝了貨吃水更深,其排開(kāi)的附加水量等于所裝貨的重量。As a ship is loaded, it sinks deeper into the water, displacing an additional amount of water equal to the weight of the added load.不能行走的機(jī)器人能學(xué)會(huì)做工,并能孜孜不倦地工作,今天在世界各地的工廠(chǎng)里得到了使用。Non-mobile robots, ca

30、pable of learning to perform an industrial task and then of being left to perform it tirelessly, are even now in use in industrial plants all over the world.Metals are widely used in industry.金屬?gòu)V泛地應(yīng)用在工業(yè)上。The speed of the molecules is increased when they are heated.當(dāng)分子受熱時(shí), 其速度就增加。Even when the pressu

31、re stays the same, great changes in air density are caused by changes in temperature.即使壓力不變, 氣溫的變化也能引起空氣密度的巨大變化。The result of the invention of the steam engine was that human power was replaced by mechanical power.蒸汽機(jī)發(fā)明的結(jié)果是, 機(jī)械力代替了人力。Agricultural technique spreading centers have been set up everywhe

32、re in that province, helping farmers to do their work in a more scientific way.該省已普遍成立了農(nóng)技推廣中心,幫助農(nóng)民以更加科學(xué)的方法種田。Electrons are known to be minute negative charges of electricity.大家知道, 電子是極為微小的負(fù)電荷。Rubber is found a good insulating material.人們發(fā)現(xiàn)橡膠是一種良好的絕緣材料。When two bodies oscillate at the same frequency,

33、 they are said to be in resonance.當(dāng)兩個(gè)物體以相同的頻率震動(dòng)時(shí), 我們說(shuō)它們處于共振狀態(tài)。It is asserted that 有人主張It is believed that有人認(rèn)為It is generally considered that 大家(一般人)認(rèn)為It is well known that大家知道(眾所周知) It will be said that有人會(huì)說(shuō)It was told that有人曾經(jīng)說(shuō)It is reported that據(jù)報(bào)道It is generally recognized that一般認(rèn)為,普遍認(rèn)為It has been

34、 calculated that據(jù)計(jì)算It may be said without fear of exaggeration that 可以毫不夸張地說(shuō)It must be admitted that必須承認(rèn)It must be pointed out that必須指出It will be seen from this that由此可見(jiàn)Temperature is changed quickly from room temperature to 125and is held there for at least 15 minutes.使溫度很快從室溫升到125, 并至少保持15分鐘。After

35、 sealing the header is cleaned and then the leads are clipped to the desired length.封焊后把管座清洗干凈,然后把引線(xiàn)剪到所需長(zhǎng)度。The mechanical energy can be changed back into electrical energy by a generator.利用發(fā)電機(jī), 可以將機(jī)械能在轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殡娔?。The converter is tipped on to its side and the charge of molten iron is poured into the top.將

36、轉(zhuǎn)爐向一側(cè)傾轉(zhuǎn)后,從爐頂上把鐵水倒入爐中。The pressure to be measured is applied to one side of the diagram and a reference pressure is applied to the other side.把待測(cè)壓力接到薄膜的一側(cè), 參考?jí)毫拥搅硪粋?cè)。The damage caused by acid rain can be alleviated by adding lime to lakes, rivers and streams and/or their catchments' areas.往湖泊、河流和

37、溪流及(或)它們的集水區(qū)中撒石灰,可以減輕酸雨所造成的損害。The plan will be discussed first.此計(jì)劃將首先加以/得以討論?？萍挤gppt 整理P136-1801. Only a small part of the suns energy reaching the earth is used by us. 傳到地球的太陽(yáng)能只有一小部分為我們所利用。2. New uses have been found for old metals, and new alloys have been made to satisfy new demands. 老金屬有了新用途,新合金

38、被冶煉出來(lái)了,以滿(mǎn)足新的需要。3. The development of electronic computers has been heralded as the beginning of a second industrial revolution as tremendous in scope as that initiated by the invention of the steam engine. 電子計(jì)算機(jī)的發(fā)展被宣稱(chēng)為另一次工業(yè)革命的開(kāi)端, 其規(guī)模同蒸汽機(jī)的發(fā)明所導(dǎo)致的第一次工業(yè)革命一樣宏大。4. Many car engines are cooled by water. 許多汽

39、車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)是用水冷卻的。5. The first explosive in the world was made and used in China. 世界上最早的炸藥是在中國(guó)制造和使用的。6. Produced by electrons are the X-rays, which allow the doctor to look inside a patients body. 電子產(chǎn)生的是X射線(xiàn), 能讓醫(yī)生透視病人的身體。7. In the event of neutron capture, the mass member of the nucleus will be raised, and

40、it will thus become unstable and radioactive. 如果中子被俘獲，原子核的質(zhì)量數(shù)便提高，結(jié)果就會(huì)變得不穩(wěn)定而且具有放射性。8. In addition, not all technology is based on science. 另外,并不是所有的技術(shù)都是以科學(xué)為基礎(chǔ)的。9. Electrical energy can be stored in two metal plates separated by an insulating medium. Such a device is called a capacitor, or a condenser

41、, and its ability to store electrical energy is termed capacitance. It is measured in farads. 電能可儲(chǔ)存在由一絕緣介質(zhì)隔開(kāi)的兩塊金屬極板內(nèi)。這樣的裝置稱(chēng)為電容器, 其儲(chǔ)存電能的能力稱(chēng)為電容。電容的測(cè)量單位為法拉。10. Many man-made substances are replacing certain natural materials because either the quantity of the natural products cannot meet our ever-incre

42、asing requirement, or more often, because the physical properties of the synthetic substances, which is the common name for man-made materials, have been chosen, and even emphasized so that it would be of the greatest use in the field which it is to be applied. 許多人造材料正在取代天然材料,這或者因?yàn)樘烊划a(chǎn)品的數(shù)量不能滿(mǎn)足人類(lèi)不斷增長(zhǎng)的

43、需要,或者更多地因?yàn)楹铣晌?這是各種人造材料的統(tǒng)名稱(chēng))的物理性能被選中,甚至受到極大重視,因而使得它會(huì)在準(zhǔn)備加以采用的領(lǐng)域獲得最大量的重視。11. No such limitation is placed on an alternating-current machine; here the only requirement is relative motion, and since a stationary armature and a rotating field system have numerous advantages, this arrangement is standard p

44、ractice for all synchronous machines rated above a few kilovolt-amperes. 交流機(jī)不受這種限制,唯一的要求是相對(duì)移動(dòng),而且由于固定電樞和旋轉(zhuǎn)磁場(chǎng)有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn),這種安排是所有容量超過(guò)幾千伏安的同步機(jī)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)做法。12. Various machine parts can be washed very clean and will be as clean as new ones when they are treated by ultrasonics, no matter how dirty and irregularly shap

45、ed they may be. 各種機(jī)器零件無(wú)論搞得多么臟,形狀弄得多么不規(guī)則,一旦用超聲波處理后,就可以被洗得干干凈凈,甚至干凈得像新機(jī)器零件一樣。13. Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity. 由于鋁總是和其他

46、元素- 最常見(jiàn)的是氧(因?yàn)殇X對(duì)氧有很強(qiáng)的親和力)- 結(jié)合在一起,所以在自然界任何地方都找不到處于游離狀態(tài)的鋁, 因而直到19世紀(jì)才為人們所知道。14. Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is

47、 true. 宇宙膨脹學(xué)說(shuō)雖然聽(tīng)似奇特,但它是基本粒子物理學(xué)中一些公認(rèn)的理論,在科學(xué)上看來(lái)是可信的推論。許多天體物理學(xué)家十年來(lái)一直認(rèn)為這一論說(shuō)是正確的。15. The loads a structure is subjected to are divided into dead loads, which include the weights of all the parts of the structure, and live loads, which are due to the weights of people, movable equipment, etc. 一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)受到的載荷可以分

48、為靜載和動(dòng)載兩類(lèi)。靜載包括該結(jié)構(gòu)各部分的重量。動(dòng)載則是由于人和可移動(dòng)設(shè)備等的重量而引起的載荷。16. With the advent of the space shuttle, it will be possible to put an orbiting solar power plant in stationary orbit 24000 miles from the earth that would collect solar energy almost continuously and convert this energy either directly to electricity

49、via photovoltaic cells or indirectly with flat plate or focused collectors that would boil a carrying medium to produce steam that would drive a turbine that then in turn would generate electricity. 隨著航天飛機(jī)的出現(xiàn),有可能把一個(gè)沿軌道運(yùn)行的太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電站送到離地球24000英里的一條定常軌道上去。這個(gè)太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電站幾乎不間斷地采集太陽(yáng)能。它還能夠用光電池將太陽(yáng)能直接轉(zhuǎn)換成電能,或者用平板集熱器或聚焦

50、集熱器將太陽(yáng)能轉(zhuǎn)換成電能,即集熱器使熱傳導(dǎo)體汽化,驅(qū)動(dòng)渦輪機(jī)發(fā)電。17. The super-cooling effects of the cryogenics which convert liquid helium and other gases into “superfluids” and metals into “superconductors”, making them non-resistant to electricity, could change the world in a number of ways. 低溫學(xué)的過(guò)冷作用將液態(tài)氦及某些氣體變成 “超流體”,將某些金屬變成 “

51、超導(dǎo)體”, 使它們沒(méi)有電阻,從而可以用許多方法改變世界面貌。18. The electronic notebook will serve as memo files in which the scientist records thoughts for preservation, description of experiments, drafts of reports, calendar and diary information, quotations and other materials extracted from other electronic files, and other

52、types of information that would now be put in paper notebooks and other types of paper files. 電子記錄本將可用作帶有備忘性質(zhì)的文件存儲(chǔ)器,科學(xué)家可在其中記錄下要加以保存的意見(jiàn)、實(shí)驗(yàn)的描述、報(bào)告的摘要、按年月日記載的信息、從別的電子文件存儲(chǔ)器中摘取的引文和其他資料,以及現(xiàn)在會(huì)記錄到紙質(zhì)記錄本或其他形式紙質(zhì)文件中的任何其他類(lèi)型信息。19. Typically, when a customer places an order, that order begins a mostly paper-based j

53、ourney from in-basket around the company, often being keyed and rekeyed into different departments computer systems along the way. 一般情況下, 當(dāng)一位顧客預(yù)定了一份定單后,那張定單就會(huì)在公司里被傳閱,并經(jīng)常以這種方式被發(fā)送和再轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到不同部門(mén)的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)中20. If the resistance of the floor could be entirely removed, any horizontal force could start the box movi

54、ng and once started it would continue to move indefinitely unless a force were exerted to stop it. 假如地板的阻力真的能全部去掉的話(huà),那么任何水平方向的水平力都能使箱子運(yùn)動(dòng),而且一旦開(kāi)始運(yùn)動(dòng),它就無(wú)止境地運(yùn)動(dòng)下去,除非施加一個(gè)力使之停止。21. However, even if prediction becomes possible, people who live in areas where earthquakes are a common occurrence will still have

55、 to do their best to prevent disasters by building structures that are resistant to ground movement and by being personally prepared. 然而，即使可以預(yù)測(cè)，居住在地震頻發(fā)區(qū)的人們還是應(yīng)盡力預(yù)防災(zāi)難，辦法是建造能夠抗震的房屋，同時(shí)做好個(gè)人準(zhǔn)備。22. It is well known that animals cannot be maintained in good health on diets which will supply the necessary ca

56、lories together with protein, fat and mineral requirements, if certain accessory food factors, the vitamins, are absent from the diet. 動(dòng)物的食物缺乏維生素這類(lèi)附加成分時(shí),即使含有蛋白質(zhì)、脂肪和無(wú)機(jī)物, 而且能供給必需的熱量,也不能保持動(dòng)物的健康,這是人所熟知的事實(shí)。23. Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arisi

57、ng from mass migration movements - themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. 由于人口的猛增或大量人口的流動(dòng)(現(xiàn)代交通工具使這種流動(dòng)相對(duì)容易)造成的種種問(wèn)題也會(huì)對(duì)社會(huì)造成新的壓力。24. Instead of paying someone to manually enter reams of data into the computer, you can use a scanner to automatically convert the same information to digital files using OCR (Optical Character Recognition) software.你只要在使用掃描儀的過(guò)程中借助于光學(xué)字符識(shí)別軟件就可以將信息轉(zhuǎn)換成數(shù)字文件的形式,從而代替人們手工將大量數(shù)據(jù)輸入到計(jì)算機(jī)中去的過(guò)程。25. Manufacturing processes may be classified as unit production with small quantities being made and mass production with large numbers of identical p