高考語法填空(定語從句專項練習(xí))

1、定語從句講與練一、定語的概念： 定語是用來修飾名詞或代詞的。比如：(先試試用橫線劃出下面短語中的定語，然后在后面的括號里注明是什么在作定語) a beautiful girl（ ）three boys （ ）a shoe factory（ ）Jims father ( ) our teacher ( ) the man in the car （ ）the man standing at the door（ ）the man who is talking with Sam （ ） 二、定語從句的概念及主要特征：1定語從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞；定語從句一

2、般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后；引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。請劃出下列句子中的定語從句、先行詞及關(guān)系代詞：The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 2. 定語從句的主要特征：（1）先行詞要在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分；（2）what永遠不能引導(dǎo)定語從句；（3）翻譯時先譯從句，翻譯成“.的”三、定語從句的基本用法：（一）關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1who  指人，在定語從句中作主語，有時也作賓語。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 

3、0;  分析：關(guān)系詞who 在從句中作主語。 Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.   分析：關(guān)系詞_ 在從句中作_。     Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 分析：關(guān)系詞_在從句中作_。 That is the teacher who teaches us physics.    &

4、#160;   分析：關(guān)系詞_ 在從句中作_。You neednt talk to the people who you dont like talking to. 分析：關(guān)系詞_在從句中作_。2whom  指人，在定語從句中做賓語，常可省略。Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus.   分析：關(guān)系詞_ 在從句中作_。Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see.     

5、 分析：關(guān)系詞_ 在從句中作_。The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come.      你正在等的教授已經(jīng)來了。分析：關(guān)系詞_ 在從句中作_。     注意：關(guān)系代詞whom 在口語或非正式文體中?？捎脀ho 來代替，也可省略。         The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.3. who

6、se  通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語。I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country.  分析：關(guān)系詞_在從句中作_He has a friend whose father is a doctor.   譯成漢語：_分析：關(guān)系詞_ 在從句中作_。I lost the book whose cover was blue. 分析：關(guān)系詞_ 在從句中作_。We live in a house whose windows face the south. 譯成漢語:_

7、注意：指物時，常用下列結(jié)構(gòu)來代替：The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?  自己總結(jié)一下：在定語從句中，whose + 名詞 _ 4which 指物，在定語從句中做主語或賓語，做賓語時常可省略。Foo

8、tball is a game which is liked by most boys.   分析：關(guān)系詞_ 在從句中作_。The factory which makes computers is far away from here.   分析：關(guān)系詞_在從句中作_。He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers.   譯成漢語:_分析：關(guān)系詞_ 在從句中作_。The house which is by the lake looks nice. 

9、60; 分析：關(guān)系詞_ 在從句中作_。This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday.        譯成漢語：_分析：關(guān)系詞_ 在從句中作_。The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all.   他們昨晚看的電影一點意思也沒有。分析：關(guān)系詞_ 在從句中作_。5that 引導(dǎo)定語從句時，既可以指人，也可以指物。指人時，相當(dāng)于who 或whom；指物時，相當(dāng)于whi

10、ch.。在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時?？墒÷?。The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.   每年來參觀這座城市的人數(shù)達一百萬。分析：關(guān)系詞_ 在從句中作_。Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning?   分析：關(guān)系詞_ 在從句中作_。The person that / / you introduced to me is very kind.  

11、The season that / comes after spring is summer.   Yesterday I received a letter that /_ came from Australia.   (二) 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1  when  指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。?？梢杂胕n/on/at which代替。     I still remember the day when I first came to this school.  

12、60; 我仍然記得我第一次來到這所學(xué) 校的那一天。     分析：關(guān)系詞_ 在從句中作_。The time when we got together finally arrived.       我們團聚的時刻終于到了。分析：關(guān)系詞_ 在從句中作_。     October 1, 1949 was the day when the Peoples Republic of China was founded.   &#

13、160;1949年10月1日是中華人民共和國成立的日子。把這個句子改成兩個簡單句：_分析：關(guān)系詞_ 在從句中作_。     Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents.      把這個句子改成兩個簡單句：_分析：關(guān)系詞_ 在從句中作_。2  where  指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語。?？捎胕n/on/at which代替。Shanghai is the

14、city where I was born.  把這個句子改成兩個簡單句：_分析：關(guān)系詞_ 在從句中作_。The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.  把這個句子改成兩個簡單句：_分析：關(guān)系詞_ 在從句中作_。I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised .  分析：關(guān)系詞_ 在從句中作_。Is this the place where they fought against the enemy?  分析：關(guān)系詞_ 在從句中

15、作_。注意：當(dāng)先行詞是situation, occasion, point, case時，且又在從句中作狀語時，常用where來引導(dǎo)定語從句。Sometimes you will find yourself in a situation where you felt very embarrassed He has reached a point where nobody can compare with him.3  why  指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語。常可用for which來代替。Please tell me the reason why you missed t

16、he plane.  分析：關(guān)系詞_ 在從句中作_。The reason why he was punished is unknown to us. 譯成漢語：_   I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.  譯成漢語：_     注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句經(jīng)常可以用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句來表示。如：I will never forget the moment when (=_) the blind students mo

17、ved us.      Great changes are taking place in the city where (=_) they live.           The reason why (=_) he refused the invitation is quite clear.       四、限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句 限制性定語從句舉例：The teache

18、r told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.  譯成漢語：_     China is a country which has a long history.  譯成漢語：_     In the street I saw a man who was from Africa.  譯成漢語：_     非限制性定語從句舉例 ：His mother, who loves

19、him very much, is strict with him.  譯成漢語：_     China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.譯成漢語：_     Last summer I visited the Peoples Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held every year.譯成漢語：_    

20、; 注意：在非限制性定語從句中，有時which所指代的先行詞是前面的整個句子。Xiao Li came to see me off, which was very kind of her.He didnt pass the exam, which surprised us.五定語從句考查重點：（一）定語從句在下列情況下只能用that，而不能用which指物。（指人時可以用who/whom）1. 當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級或者序數(shù)詞修飾時。如：This is the best film that I have ever seen.  The first place that they vi

21、sited in London was the Big Ben.  2. 當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞everything, anything, nothing ,something, all, none, few, little, some, much等代詞時，或當(dāng)先行詞受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代詞修飾時。如：Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said?  There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in

22、 the world. All that can be done has been done.  There is little that I can do for you.  He stayed in the library and looked up some information that they needed.  3. 當(dāng)先行詞被the very, the only, the same, the last修飾時。如：This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.  After the

23、fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns.  4. 當(dāng)先行詞是who,或which引導(dǎo)的主句時。如：Who is the man that is standing by the gate?  Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?  5. 當(dāng)先行詞為人與動物或人與物時。如：They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school  Look at t

24、he man and his donkey that are walking up the street. 思考：什么時候只能which 而不能用that呢？1.在_中；2.在_之后。（二）關(guān)系代詞的省略： The factory we visited yesterday was really old. (請將省略的關(guān)系代詞補充在正確的位置) The man you just talked to was my English teacher. (請將省略的關(guān)系代詞補充在正確的位置) 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作_時可以省略。（三）“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，從句常

25、常由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引出。The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.The school in which he once studied is very famous.  他曾經(jīng)就讀過的學(xué)校很出名。This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday.This is the boy_I played tennis yesterday. 這是我昨天跟他打臺球的男孩。Well go to hear the famous sing

26、er (whom / who / that) we have often talked about.Well go to hear the famous singer _we have often talked. The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.The manager _ I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.注意： 含有介詞的固定短語動詞一般不拆開，介詞仍

27、放在短語動詞的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of, give up等。This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for.    (正)     This is the watch for which I am looking .    (誤)The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. &

28、#160;  (正)  The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy.   （誤）若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時只可用whom，不可用who, that；關(guān)系代詞指物時只可用which，不可用that。關(guān)系代詞是所有格時用whose。The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour.    (正)  你剛才跟他談話的那個人是我的鄰居。The man with that / who

29、 you talked just now is my neighbour.    (誤)The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable.    (正)我們?nèi)ゼ幽么笏俗娘w機實在很舒服。The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable.    (誤)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前還可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most

30、, each, few等代詞或者數(shù)詞。如：He loves his parents deeply, are very kind to him.   他深深地愛著他的父母，他們倆待他都很好。In the basket there are quite many apples, have gone bad.    籃子里有好些蘋果，有些已經(jīng)壞了。There are forty students in our class in all, are from big cities.       我

31、們班總共有個學(xué)生，大多數(shù)來自大城市。Up to now, he has written ten stories, are about country life.       迄今為止，他寫了部小說，其中部是關(guān)于農(nóng)村生活的。 （四）當(dāng)先行詞被one of修飾時，若one of前有the only，則從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)，沒有only的話則用復(fù)數(shù)。 He is one of the students who _ never late. 譯成漢語：_ He is the only one of the students who _ neve

32、r late. 譯成漢語：_（五）先行詞是時間卻不用when引導(dǎo)，先行詞是地點卻不用where引導(dǎo)，先行詞是原因卻不用why引導(dǎo)。I will never forget the days _ we climbed the mountain together.I will never forget the days _ we spent together. We visited the house _ Lu Xun used to live.We visited the house _ Lu Xun used to live in.This is the reason _ he was unha

33、ppy.             This is the reason _ he explained to me.（六）當(dāng)先行詞被such, the same 修飾時，關(guān)系詞常用as。 如：Ive never heard such stories as he tells.  我從未聽過象他講的這樣的故事。He is not such a fool as he looks.  他可不象他看上去的那樣傻。This is the same dictionary

34、as I lost last week.  這部詞典跟我上星期丟失的一樣。注意：當(dāng)先行詞受the same 修飾時，偶爾也用 that引導(dǎo)定語從句，但與as引導(dǎo)的定語從句意思有區(qū)別。如：She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding.  She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore.  她穿著跟她妹妹所穿的一樣的連衣裙。（七）以the way為先行詞的限制性定語從句通常由in which或that引導(dǎo)，而且通?？梢允÷浴Ｈ纾篢he way _he

35、answered the questions was surprising.  I dont like the way_ you laugh at her.        Test yourself:1. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,        , of course, made the  others unhappy.  

36、 2. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town         he grew up as a child. 3. The gentleman         you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.4. Please take any seat   

37、60;     is free.5. The old man has two sons,         is a soldier.（其中一個是士兵）6. New York is famous for its sky-scrapers(摩天大樓)，        has more than 100 storeys.（最高的一座）7. He has written a book_ name I ha

38、ve forgotten.8. This is the place _I spent my childhood. 9. The boy         composition won the first prize is the youngest in the group.10. The weather turned out to be very good,         was more than we could expect.&

39、#160;11. Mr. Wang is a boss,         factory Li Ping worked.12. I don't like the way         you speak to her.13. I shall never forget the years         I lived in the country

40、with the farmers,         has a good effect on my life.14.         is known to all, China will be an advanced and powerful country in 20 or 30 years time.15. Yesterday we had a meeting _ we discussed many problems.16. Su

41、ch a book         you showed me is difficult to understand.17. The speaker spoke of some writers and some books         were popular then.18. This is the store         we visited the famous shop assistants.19. Im going to spend my holiday in Beijing,