非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(整理)

1、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞1 什么是非謂什么是非謂 語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞?。空Z(yǔ)動(dòng)詞??？ “非謂語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)”, ,就是不是謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞就是不是謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞唄唄! !那不是謂語(yǔ)那不是謂語(yǔ)是什么呢？是什么呢？。英語(yǔ)一句話只能有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)如果出現(xiàn)更多動(dòng)詞： 加連詞（and / but / so） 放入從句 變?yōu)榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ) e.g. He works. He wants to work here. He is working now.The meeting held last week is very important. 非謂語(yǔ)：非謂語(yǔ)：無(wú)人稱，數(shù)的變化

2、，不單獨(dú)作謂無(wú)人稱，數(shù)的變化，不單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，但保留動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)，可以有賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。語(yǔ)，但保留動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)，可以有賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞 v-ed不定式不定式 to + v動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞的v-ing非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式To do that sort of thing is foolish.I want to see you this evening.My job is to teach English.Do you have anything to say?She came here to study English. 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ) 賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)(It

3、 is foolish to do that sort of thing.)She asked me to stay here.在很多情況下，特別是在口語(yǔ)中，在很多情況下，特別是在口語(yǔ)中， 常采用常采用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而把不定式后置。作形式主語(yǔ)，而把不定式后置。 Its a great pleasure . It is not an easy thing .不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)通常可在特定的上下不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)通?？稍谔囟ǖ纳舷挛幕蚯榫爸锌闯觯部梢杂晌幕蚯榫爸锌闯?，也可以由“ for /of + 名詞詞組名詞詞組” 來(lái)表示，如：來(lái)表示，如：It was difficult to do t

4、he work.Its kind to think so much of us.作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)下列情形用不定式作定語(yǔ)下列情形用不定式作定語(yǔ)l Made Curie was the first person in the world to receive two Nobel Prizes. l The best way to keep fit is to develop healthy eating habits. 作定語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)1. 由由the only, the first, the last, the next以及序以及序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾的名詞數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾的名詞,常用不定式常用

5、不定式作定語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ).l Three years later he had a chance to go to Australia. l He failed in his attempt to escape from prison. 2. 當(dāng)修飾詞是名詞當(dāng)修飾詞是名詞 : ability, way, chance , attempt, plan, failure 等等, 這時(shí)用不定式作定語(yǔ)這時(shí)用不定式作定語(yǔ),對(duì)所修飾詞起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用對(duì)所修飾詞起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用.作賓補(bǔ)作賓補(bǔ)She asked me to stay here.1. 她叫我呆在這兒。她叫我呆在這兒。2.請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我介紹請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我介紹Mr.

6、 White給你們。給你們。 Please allow me to introduce Mr. White to you.advise allow ask cause encourage expect force get inform invite order permit remind request teach tell want warn enable wish 做獨(dú)立成分做獨(dú)立成分1. To tell the truth, I dont agree with you. (老實(shí)說(shuō)老實(shí)說(shuō))類似的短語(yǔ)有類似的短語(yǔ)有: to be frank, 坦白說(shuō)坦白說(shuō) to be exact, 確切的說(shuō)

7、確切的說(shuō) to begin with, 首先首先, 第一第一注意注意1 .有些動(dòng)詞后面的不定式有些動(dòng)詞后面的不定式不帶不帶to，如，如feel（一感）（一感）hear,listen to（二聽）（二聽）make, have, let（三讓）（三讓） see, watch, notice, observe（四看）（四看）.I heard them sing a pop song .We watched them play football .A . 不帶不帶to的不定式的不定式注注: 這些動(dòng)詞若用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)這些動(dòng)詞若用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),不定式必須加不定式必須加to The man was made t

8、o move his car by the policeman. 在在 would rather than , rather than, 等等結(jié)構(gòu)后的結(jié)構(gòu)后的than之后不用之后不用to. 在在 cant but, cant choose but, cant help but , do nothing but, 之后的不定式不用之后的不定式不用 to 4. 介詞介詞but, except, besides + to do ,但是如果但是如果這些介詞前有行為動(dòng)詞這些介詞前有行為動(dòng)詞do的各種形式的各種形式,那么那么, 介介詞后的不定式不用詞后的不定式不用to. 5. 一些特定結(jié)構(gòu)中一些特定結(jié)構(gòu)中

9、: why not do (為什么不做為什么不做) had better do (最好做最好做) would rather do (寧愿；寧可寧愿；寧可 )I would rather have a cup of tea. 我寧愿喝茶。我寧愿喝茶。You had better go back. 你還是回去的好。你還是回去的好。 Why not see a film tonight?注意注意B. 帶疑問詞的動(dòng)詞不定式在帶疑問詞的動(dòng)詞不定式在to 前加疑問詞前加疑問詞。Mr.Lin will teach us how to use the computer.Can you tell me wher

10、e to get the book?(what,when,where,which ,who ,how)注意注意D. 作簡(jiǎn)短回答或避免不必要的重復(fù)時(shí)，作簡(jiǎn)短回答或避免不必要的重復(fù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式常常省去動(dòng)詞不定式常常省去to 后面后面的動(dòng)詞，的動(dòng)詞，只只保留保留to 。A:Would you like to come to my party?Mary wanted to use my bike, but I asked her not to ( use my bike).B: Yes , Id love to ( come to your party).Mary想用我的自行車，但我叫她別用。想用我

11、的自行車，但我叫她別用。E. 有些動(dòng)詞后面既可跟不定式有些動(dòng)詞后面既可跟不定式to do，又可跟動(dòng)名，又可跟動(dòng)名詞詞 doing，但是意義不一樣，如，但是意義不一樣，如 remember, forget, try, stop, go on, mean, regret, like /love, cant help, propose 等等等等 I remembered to post the letters.I remembered posting/having post the letters. 1) remember / forget to do 表示記得表示記得/ 忘記忘記 要去做某事要去做

12、某事 remember / forget doing 表示記得表示記得/ 忘記忘記 做過(guò)某事做過(guò)某事 2) try to do 設(shè)法努力做某事設(shè)法努力做某事 try doing 嘗試著做某事嘗試著做某事 3) go on to do 表示接著做另外一件事情表示接著做另外一件事情 go on doing 表示接著做原來(lái)的那件事表示接著做原來(lái)的那件事情情 4) stop to do 表示停下來(lái)去做另外一件事情表示停下來(lái)去做另外一件事情 stop doing 表示停止做某事表示停止做某事 5) mean to do 表示打算，意欲做某事表示打算，意欲做某事 mean doing 表示意味著，意思是表

13、示意味著，意思是 6) regret to do 表示很遺憾要去做某事表示很遺憾要去做某事 regret doing 表示很遺憾已經(jīng)做過(guò)的事情表示很遺憾已經(jīng)做過(guò)的事情8) cant help (to) do 表示不能做，無(wú)助于表示不能做，無(wú)助于 cant help doing 表示請(qǐng)不自禁表示請(qǐng)不自禁 9) used to do 表示過(guò)去常常做某事表示過(guò)去常常做某事 be/get used to doing 表示習(xí)慣于做某事表示習(xí)慣于做某事注：注：need/want/require; worth/worthy 的特殊用法的特殊用法 The bike needs to be repaired.T

14、he room needs repairing. need/want to be done = need/want doing 需要需要(含被動(dòng)意義含被動(dòng)意義) The book is worth reading The book is worthy to be read. The book is worthy of being read. 2) be worth doing be worthy to be done / be worthy of being done這本書值得一讀。這本書值得一讀。注注: prefer 的用法：的用法：prefer doing to doingprefer t

15、o do rather than do would rather do than do I prefer waiting here to staying at home.I prefer to wait here rather than stay at home.I would rather wait here than stay at home.He is used to _in that city. (live)Im looking forward to _you soon. (see)She objects to _the problem now. (discuss)He devoted

16、 himself to _the new theory. (establish)I have been accustomed to _in that company since I came here. (work)In addition to _his own work well, he is ready to help others.(do)F. 下面的下面的to是是介詞介詞，而不是不定式，而不是不定式 be/get accustomed to, be/get used to, in addition to, +livingseeingdiscussingestablishingworki

17、ngdoing主動(dòng)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式一般式 進(jìn)行式進(jìn)行式 完成式完成式 否定式否定式 不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) to doto be doneto be doingto have doneto have been done在在to 前加前加 not動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)1. I opened the door to enter the room. 2. Mr. Smith is going to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow. 一般式一般式( to do ).所表示的動(dòng)作在謂所表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后發(fā)生。語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

18、之后發(fā)生。（將要（將要）被動(dòng)式：被動(dòng)式：to be done3. He didnt like to be laughed at.進(jìn)行式進(jìn)行式( to be doing)1. I am very glad to be working with you.2. He is said to be coming.所表示的動(dòng)作和謂所表示的動(dòng)作和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生。語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生。（正在進(jìn)行）（正在進(jìn)行）沒有被動(dòng)式?jīng)]有被動(dòng)式.完成式完成式（to have done)1. I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.2. You seemed to have read

19、 the novel written by Mr. Smith.不定式的動(dòng)不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前。語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前。（已經(jīng)做過(guò)）（已經(jīng)做過(guò)）3. He claimed _in the supper market when he was doing shopping yesterday. being badly treated B.treating badlyC. to be treated badly D. to have been badly treated.被動(dòng)式：被動(dòng)式：to have been done1. The light in the office is still

20、on. -Oh, I forgot . A. turning it off B. turn it off C. having turned it off D. to turn it off2. She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake. A. to clean B. cleaning C. Cleaned D. being c leaned3. Not everybody has the ability in public. A. of speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak練習(xí)練

21、習(xí)4 4. Mary is always the first student _to answer the teachers questions in class. A. rising B. to rise C. rose D. risen5. Mum ,why do you always ask me to eat an egg every day? -_enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be getting6.Would you be so kind _us o

22、ut? -With pleasure.A. helping B. in helping C. help D. as to help7. Wet umbrellas are not allowed _into this hotel according to the rule.A. to be taken B. to take C. taken D. taking 8. Robert is said _ abroad, but I didnt know what country he studied in. A to have studied B to study C to be studying

23、 D to have been studying9. In Australia, he made a lot of friends _a very practical knowledge of English. get B. getting C. to get D. got10. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating11. We agreed _ here, but so far she hasnt turne

24、d out yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met12. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning13. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to I saw him

25、 _ out of the room. A. go B. had gone C. has gone D. goes15. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _ A. sit B. sit on C. be sit D. be sat on 16. There isnt any different between the two. I really dont know _ A. where to choose B. which to choose C. to choose what D. to c

26、hoose which17.Robert is said_abroad, but I didnt know what country he studied in. A. to have studied B. to study C. made D. to make1.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有哪些不同的形式？非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有哪些不同的形式？ 非謂非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般式一般式 完成式完成式 一般式一般式 完成式完成式 to+v不定式不定式過(guò)去過(guò)去分詞分詞to be doneto have been done being done having been done及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞既表及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞既表示示被動(dòng)被

27、動(dòng)又表示又表示動(dòng)作已完成動(dòng)作已完成, , 個(gè)別動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞只表個(gè)別動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞只表示完成示完成( (多數(shù)為不及物動(dòng)詞多數(shù)為不及物動(dòng)詞) )主動(dòng)形式主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式to do to have donedoing having done不定式除一般式、完成式以外還有不定式除一般式、完成式以外還有_進(jìn)行式進(jìn)行式to be doingv-edv-ingv-ing分分詞詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定：_not+非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) 賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ) 主補(bǔ)主補(bǔ) 定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)不定式不定式-ing分詞分詞過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞2. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中通常

28、作什么成分？非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中通常作什么成分？ 非謂語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) 賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ) 主補(bǔ)主補(bǔ) 定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)不定式不定式v-ing分詞分詞過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞V-ing 分詞在句中通常作什么成分？分詞在句中通常作什么成分？ V-ing 現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞Working with you is a pleasure.I want to see you this evening.My job is to teach English.Do you have anything to say?She came here to study English. 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)

29、定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ) 賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)(It is a pleasure working with you.)She asked me to stay here.用法用法例句例句時(shí)間時(shí)間 Walking along the street, I met Mary. (= While I was walking along the street, I met Mary. ) 用法用法例句例句原因原因 Being tired, I stopped to take a rest.(= Because I was tired, I stopped to take a rest.) 條件條件 Working har

30、d, you will succeed. (= If you work hard, you will succeed. ) 用法用法例句例句讓步讓步 Knowing where I live, he never come to see me .(= Though he knows where I live, he never come to see me.) 用法用法例句例句伴隨伴隨 I stood there, waiting for her. (= I stood there, and waited for her.) 結(jié)果結(jié)果 It rained heavily, causing sev

31、ere flooding in the area.(= It rained heavily so that it caused severe flooding in the area.) v-ing 形式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)形式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式一般式完成式完成式否定式否定式doingbeing donehaving donehaving been done在在v-ing前加前加not例句：例句：Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.Having finished his homework, he went home.Being aske

32、d to answer the question, he stood up.Having been written in haste, the book has some faults. not 置于置于V- ing 之前之前 Not getting up early, he missed the first bus. Not having received his letter, we all felt worried.2. V- ing形式的否定式形式的否定式分詞分詞 (短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)) 作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí), 其邏輯主語(yǔ)必其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句子的主語(yǔ)一致。須與句子的主語(yǔ)一致。如果不一致，如果不一致，

33、必須用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示，也就是必須用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示，也就是在分詞前面加上它的邏輯主語(yǔ)。在分詞前面加上它的邏輯主語(yǔ)。 3. V- ing形式需注意形式需注意 Entering the room, I found Tom watching TV.Looking at the picture, I couldnt help missing my middle school days.比較比較The bell ringing, we all stopped talking.Weather permitting, we will have an outing tomorrow. 過(guò)去分詞只有一種形

34、式過(guò)去分詞只有一種形式(v+ed) 現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞（否定式（否定式not +分詞）：分詞）：三、現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞三、現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞 的用法區(qū)別的用法區(qū)別1、作定語(yǔ)時(shí)、作定語(yǔ)時(shí):position單個(gè)的分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)一般前置（位于被修單個(gè)的分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)一般前置（位于被修飾的詞之前），分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)后置。飾的詞之前），分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)后置。Do you know the （哭著的）（哭著的）boy?Do you know the boy（在樹下哭的）（在樹下哭的） ?We are trying our best to catch up with the （發(fā)達(dá)的）（發(fā)達(dá)的）country.T

35、he students are discussing a book (由魯迅寫的由魯迅寫的).cryingcrying under the tree developedwritten by Lu Xun作定語(yǔ)時(shí)作定語(yǔ)時(shí):relationship The meeting is very important.2.Tell the children not to make so much noise.被動(dòng)關(guān)系被動(dòng)關(guān)系主動(dòng)關(guān)系主動(dòng)關(guān)系現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)的比較現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)的比較飄雪飄雪_ 落葉落葉_令人驚訝的消息令人驚訝的消息感到吃驚的表情感到吃驚的表情-總結(jié)總結(jié): v-ing現(xiàn)在分詞

36、作定語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ): _ _ v-ed過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ): _ _ falling snowfallen leavesthe surprising news表示表示“主動(dòng)，或正在進(jìn)行主動(dòng)，或正在進(jìn)行/令人感覺怎么樣令人感覺怎么樣”表示表示“被動(dòng)，或已完成被動(dòng)，或已完成/人自身感覺怎么樣人自身感覺怎么樣”the surprised look It is the first time that Joy has come to Lianyungang. She has much difficulty finding her way around, as the roads have ma

37、ny _ turns and branch roads. Scene 1confusing/puzzlingScene 2 Amy was performing in a drama when suddenly she forgot the words. The audience clapped their hands to encourage her, but she felt this washer _ (embarrass) situation. embarrassedPractice makes perfect!1. Mrs.White showed her students some

38、 old maps _ from the library.（10 全國(guó)全國(guó)） A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing2.(2011 江蘇）江蘇）Recently a survey _ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens. Acompared Bcomparing Ccompares Dbeing compared3. With the governments aid, t

39、hose _ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. （09上海）上海） A. affect B. affecting C. affected D. were affected 2、作表語(yǔ)時(shí)（跟在系動(dòng)詞后）、作表語(yǔ)時(shí)（跟在系動(dòng)詞后）現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在分詞多表示主語(yǔ)所具有的分詞多表示主語(yǔ)所具有的特征特征或或?qū)傩詫傩?；過(guò)去過(guò)去分分詞多表示主語(yǔ)所處的詞多表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)狀態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示“令人令人的的”，過(guò)去分詞表示，過(guò)去分詞表示“感到感到”.”.常見的分詞有：常見的分詞有：amazed / amazing; annoyed /

40、 annoying; interested / interesting; pleased / pleasing; surprised / surprising; satisfied / satisfying; amused / amusingLearn them by heart!Translation:1.有人認(rèn)為如果一本書是有趣的，它一定會(huì)使讀有人認(rèn)為如果一本書是有趣的，它一定會(huì)使讀者感興趣的。者感興趣的。2.2.先生們、女士們，請(qǐng)一直做到飛機(jī)已完全停下先生們、女士們，請(qǐng)一直做到飛機(jī)已完全停下來(lái)止。來(lái)止。 It is believed that if a book is interesti

41、ng, it will surely interest the reader.Ladies and gentlemen, please remain seated until the plane has come to a complete stop.3、作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)、作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí):relationship取決于取決于分詞分詞與與賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系：的關(guān)系：主動(dòng)主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用關(guān)系，用doing被動(dòng)被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用關(guān)系，用done 例如例如1.I found them painting the windows. 2. I found the windows painted. 主動(dòng)關(guān)系主動(dòng)關(guān)系被動(dòng)關(guān)系被

42、動(dòng)關(guān)系（現(xiàn)在分詞表（現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行）主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行）（過(guò)去分詞表（過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)、完成被動(dòng)、完成）Correct the mistakes in the following sentences.1. (09全國(guó)全國(guó)) They use computers to keep the traffic run smoothly. 2.（2011江蘇）江蘇） You look upset. Whats the matter？ I had my proposal to turn down again. (running)turned down 3.(10安徽卷安徽卷) Just now I caught

43、 him to steal things from the supermarket. stealing4、作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)、作狀語(yǔ)時(shí):relationship_from the moon, the earth looks like a blue ball. (see)_nobody at home , he left. (see)被動(dòng)關(guān)系被動(dòng)關(guān)系主動(dòng)關(guān)系主動(dòng)關(guān)系分詞的選取分詞的選?。喝Q于分詞與句子主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系：取決于分詞與句子主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系：主動(dòng)關(guān)系主動(dòng)關(guān)系：用：用 doing 被動(dòng)關(guān)系被動(dòng)關(guān)系：用：用 doneSeenSeeingAs the hare looks down upon the torto

44、ise, he lies down and sleeps soundly.Rewrite the sentences using ing or-ed forms:_ the tortoise, the hare lies down and sleeps soundly.Looking down upon1. (10天津天津) When we approached the city centre, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height. Approaching the city, we saw a stone statue of a

45、bout 10 meters in height.2. (04 北京北京) Because he was tired after the trip, he soon fell asleep. Tired after the trip, he soon fell asleep.COME ON!Note 1:現(xiàn)在分詞的現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式一般式與與完成式完成式：一般式一般式：doing 表示非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作幾乎表示非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。同時(shí)發(fā)生。完成式完成式：having done 表示非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)表示非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作有著先后順序動(dòng)作有著先后順序 。 _ such heavy

46、loss, the businessman didnt have the courage to go on .(suffer)例如例如： _the news, her fans became wild with excitement. (hear)Hearing Having sufferedRemember: Practice makes perfect! 1.(08全國(guó)卷全國(guó)卷I) The storm left , _a lot of damage to this area. A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused2

47、._ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks .(09 廣東廣東)A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed Note 2:分詞作狀語(yǔ)的基本原則：分詞作狀語(yǔ)的基本原則：分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，分詞的分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句子的主語(yǔ)必須與句子的主語(yǔ)保保持一致持一致。當(dāng)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的主語(yǔ)不是句子的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，必。當(dāng)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的主語(yǔ)不是句子的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，必須加上其自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為須加上其

48、自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)。如：。如：Spring coming, the fields are full of life.再如：再如： Weather permitting ,we will go out for a spring outing.The job having been done, we went home.因?yàn)橐驗(yàn)閏oming的邏輯主語(yǔ)，并不是的邏輯主語(yǔ)，并不是the fields ，應(yīng)補(bǔ)上它的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)補(bǔ)上它的邏輯主語(yǔ)spring， 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞， 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ) 名詞名詞/代詞代詞+ 動(dòng)作的邏輯主語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的邏輯主語(yǔ) fal

49、ling here and there, I suddenly notice autumn is drawing upon. completed, well have a global traveling. LeavesTaskConsolidation:1. Many students _ around, I explained the story into details.（07 重重慶）慶） A. stood B. standing C. to stand D. were standing2.There _ nothing to talk about , every one in the

50、 room remained silent . A. was B. had C. being D. having3. Everything _ into consideration , they believed themselves more and returned to their position. A. to taken B. taken C. to be taken D. taking The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _ at the end of last Mar

51、ch.(2007山東)A. has been launched B. having been launchedC. being launched D. to be launchedBThe children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _ for the day. (07重慶) A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finishedB有些分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其形式的選用不受上下文的影響，有些分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其形式的選用不受上下文的影響，稱作獨(dú)立成分或插入語(yǔ)。常見的有：稱作獨(dú)

52、立成分或插入語(yǔ)。常見的有：generally / frankly/ strictly speaking 一般而言一般而言/坦坦率地說(shuō)率地說(shuō)/ 嚴(yán)格地說(shuō)嚴(yán)格地說(shuō)judging from /by 根據(jù)根據(jù)來(lái)判斷來(lái)判斷considering / taking into consideration考慮到考慮到；鑒于鑒于supposing / providing /provided that 如果如果compared with/to 與與相比相比 例如例如_his accent ,he is from the south ._ your health, you d better have a rest.

53、 Note 3:獨(dú)立成分作狀語(yǔ)獨(dú)立成分作狀語(yǔ)Judging from/byConsidering-ing復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) my/your. 人人/物物s Im happy for your telling me the truth. Im angry for your not telling me the truth.The discovery of new evidence led to _.A. the thief having caughtB. catch the thiefC. the thiefs being caughtD. the thief to be caughtC_ the mee

54、ting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.A. The president will attendB. The president to attendC. The president attendedD. The presidents attendingD總結(jié)總結(jié): :非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系：表示表示主動(dòng)主動(dòng)用用V-ingV-ing、表示表示被動(dòng)被動(dòng)用用V-edV-ed；與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)間的關(guān)系：與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)間的關(guān)系：同時(shí)同時(shí)發(fā)生用發(fā)生用: :v-ingv-ing的一般形式的一般形式、發(fā)生在之發(fā)生在之前

55、前用用: :完成形式；完成形式；發(fā)生在之發(fā)生在之后后用用: :不定式的一般形式不定式的一般形式。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞解題非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞解題四大步驟四大步驟（一）分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)（一）分析句子結(jié)構(gòu), ,辨別辨別“謂語(yǔ)與非謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)與非謂語(yǔ)”（如果是非謂語(yǔ)，判斷所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑ㄈ绻欠侵^語(yǔ)，判斷所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑?_many times , but he still couldnt understand it .2. _many times , he still couldnt understand it .A. Having been told B. Being told C. He had been told D.

56、Though he was toldC_A注意連詞注意連詞3.It _ a hot day, wed better go swimming.4. _ a rainy day ; we decided not to go there. is B. to be C. being D.It being E. It was F. beenCE注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào) 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞雖不能作謂語(yǔ)，但仍具有動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞雖不能作謂語(yǔ)，但仍具有動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)，其邏輯上的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯主語(yǔ)其邏輯上的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯主語(yǔ)。（二）找邏輯主語(yǔ)（二）找邏輯主語(yǔ)1.Walking along the street

57、 one day, she saw a little girl running up to her.2.She is reading a book found on the way.3.Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa. 一一般來(lái)說(shuō)：般來(lái)說(shuō)：1. 1.作狀語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)；作狀語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)； 2.2.作賓補(bǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是賓語(yǔ)；作賓補(bǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是賓語(yǔ)； 3.3.作定語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是被修飾詞。作定語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是被修飾詞

58、。 Everythingthey1._ everything into consideration, they ought to have another chance.2.Everything _into consideration, they ought to have another chance. Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the verb “take”Taking taken（三）分析語(yǔ)態(tài)（三）分析語(yǔ)態(tài)分析語(yǔ)態(tài)就是在確定邏輯主語(yǔ)之后，分析非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分析語(yǔ)態(tài)就是在確定邏輯主語(yǔ)之后，分析非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和邏輯主語(yǔ)在搭配使用時(shí)是主動(dòng)還是

59、被動(dòng)關(guān)系。和邏輯主語(yǔ)在搭配使用時(shí)是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 “You cant catch me !” Jane shouted, _ away. A. run B. running C.to run D. ran 2. _ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. LosingJane the two students(四四）分析時(shí)態(tài)分析時(shí)態(tài)1. The building _now will be a restaurant .2. The building _ next year will be a restaurant .3. T