詳細(xì)完整的中英版合同法

1、中華人民共和國(guó)合同法CONTRACT LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA總則 GENERAL PRINCIPLES 第一章 一般規(guī)定 Chapter One: General Provisions 第一條為了保護(hù)合同當(dāng)事人的合法權(quán)益，維護(hù)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序，促進(jìn)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)，制定本法。 Article 1 Purpose This Law is formulated in order to protect the lawful rights and interests of contract parties, to safeguard socia

2、l and economic order, and to promote socialist modernization. 第二條本法所稱(chēng)合同是平等主體的自然人、法人、其他組織之間設(shè)立、變更、終止民事權(quán)利義務(wù)關(guān)系的協(xié)議。 Article 2 Definition of Contract; Exclusions For purposes of this Law, a contract is an agreement between natural persons, legal persons or other organizations with equal standing, for the

3、purpose of establishing, altering, or discharging a relationship of civil rights and obligations. 婚姻、收養(yǎng)、監(jiān)護(hù)等有關(guān)身份關(guān)系的協(xié)議，適用其他法律的規(guī)定。 An agreement concerning any personal relationship such as marriage, adoption, guardianship, etc. shall be governed by other applicable laws. 第三條合同當(dāng)事人的法律地位平等，一方不得將自己的意志強(qiáng)加給另一

4、方。 Article 3 Equal Standing of Parties Contract parties enjoy equal legal standing and neither party may impose its will on the other party. 第四條當(dāng)事人依法享有自愿訂立合同的權(quán)利，任何單位和個(gè)人不得非法干預(yù)。 Article 4 Right to Enter into Contract Voluntarily A party is entitled to enter into a contract voluntarily under the law, a

5、nd no entity or individual may unlawfully interfere with such right. 第五條當(dāng)事人應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循公平原則確定各方的權(quán)利和義務(wù)。 Article 5 Fairness The parties shall abide by the principle of fairness in prescribing their respective rights and obligations. 第六條當(dāng)事人行使權(quán)利、履行義務(wù)應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循誠(chéng)實(shí)信用原則。 Article 6 Good Faith The parties shall abide by th

6、e principle of good faith in exercising their rights and performing their obligations. 第七條當(dāng)事人訂立、履行合同，應(yīng)當(dāng)遵守法律、行政法規(guī)，尊重社會(huì)公德，不得擾亂社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序，損害社會(huì)公共利益。 Article 7 Legality In concluding or performing a contract, the parties shall abide by the relevant laws and administrative regulations, as well as observe soci

7、al ethics, and may not disrupt social and economic order or harm the public interests. 第八條依法成立的合同，對(duì)當(dāng)事人具有法律約束力。當(dāng)事人應(yīng)當(dāng)按照約定履行自己的義務(wù)，不得擅自變更或者解除合同。 Article 8 Binding Effect; Legal Protection A lawfully formed contract is legally binding on the parties. The parties shall perform their respective obligations

8、 in accordance with the contract, and neither party may arbitrarily amend or terminate the contract. 依法成立的合同，受法律保護(hù)。 A lawfully formed contract is protected by law. 第二章 合同的訂立 Chapter Two: Formation of Contracts 第九條當(dāng)事人訂立合同，應(yīng)當(dāng)具有相應(yīng)的民事權(quán)利能力和民事行為能力。 Article 9 Capacity; Contract through Agent In entering in

9、to a contract, the parties shall have the appropriate capacities for civil rights and civil acts. 當(dāng)事人依法可以委托代理人訂立合同。 A party may appoint an agent to enter into a contract on its behalf under the law. 第十條當(dāng)事人訂立合同，有書(shū)面形式、口頭形式和其他形式。 Article 10 Forms of Contract; Writing Requirement A contract may be made

10、in a writing, in an oral conversation, as well as in any other form. 法律、行政法規(guī)規(guī)定采用書(shū)面形式的，應(yīng)當(dāng)采用書(shū)面形式。當(dāng)事人約定采用書(shū)面形式的，應(yīng)當(dāng)采用書(shū)面形式。 A contract shall be in writing if a relevant law or administrative regulation so requires. A contract shall be in writing if the parties have so agreed. 第十一條書(shū)面形式是指合同書(shū)、信件和數(shù)據(jù)電文（包括電報(bào)、電傳

11、、傳真、電子數(shù)據(jù)交換和電子郵件）等可以有形地表現(xiàn)所載內(nèi)容的形式。 Article 11 Definition of Writing A writing means a memorandum of contract, letter or electronic message (including telegram, telex, facsimile, electronic data exchange and electronic mail), etc. which is capable of expressing its contents in a tangible form. 第十二條合同的內(nèi)

12、容由當(dāng)事人約定，一般包括以下條款： Article 12 Terms of Contract The terms of a contract shall be prescribed by the parties, and generally include the following: （一）當(dāng)事人的名稱(chēng)或者姓名和住所； (i) names of the parties and the domiciles thereof; （二）標(biāo)的； (ii) subject matter; （三）數(shù)量； (iii) quantity; （四）質(zhì)量； (iv) quality; （五）價(jià)款或者報(bào)酬； (v)

13、 price or remuneration; （六）履行期限、地點(diǎn)和方式； (vi) time, place and method of performance; （七）違約責(zé)任； (vii) liabilities for breach of contract; （八）解決爭(zhēng)議的方法。 (viii) method of dispute resolution. 當(dāng)事人可以參照各類(lèi)合同的示范文本訂立合同。 The parties may enter into a contract by referencing a model contract for the relevant contract

14、 category. 第十三條當(dāng)事人訂立合同，采取要約、承諾方式。 Article 13 Offer-Acceptance A contract is concluded by the exchange of an offer and an acceptance. 第十四條要約是希望和他人訂立合同的意思表示，該意思表示應(yīng)當(dāng)符合下列規(guī)定： Article 14 Definition of Offer An offer is a party's manifestation of intention to enter into a contract with the other party,

15、 which shall comply with the following: （一）內(nèi)容具體確定； (i) Its terms are specific and definite; （二）表明經(jīng)受要約人承諾，要約人即受該意思表示約束。 (ii) It indicates that upon acceptance by the offeree, the offeror will be bound thereby. 第十五條要約邀請(qǐng)是希望他人向自己發(fā)出要約的意思表示。寄送的價(jià)目表、拍賣(mài)公告、招標(biāo)公告、招股說(shuō)明書(shū)、商業(yè)廣告等為要約邀請(qǐng)。 Article 15 Invitation to Offer

16、 An invitation to offer is a party's manifestation of intention to invite the other party to make an offer thereto. A delivered price list, announcement of auction, call for tender, prospectus, or commercial advertisement, etc. is an invitation to offer. 商業(yè)廣告的內(nèi)容符合要約規(guī)定的，視為要約。 A commercial adverti

17、sement is deemed an offer if its contents meet the requirements of an offer. 第十六條要約到達(dá)受要約人時(shí)生效。 Article 16 Effectiveness of Offer, Offer through Electronic Message An offer becomes effective when it reaches the offeree. 采用數(shù)據(jù)電文形式訂立合同，收件人指定特定系統(tǒng)接收數(shù)據(jù)電文的，該數(shù)據(jù)電文進(jìn)入該特定系統(tǒng)的時(shí)間，視為到達(dá)時(shí)間；未指定特定系統(tǒng)的，該數(shù)據(jù)電文進(jìn)入收件人的任何系統(tǒng)的首次時(shí)間

18、，視為到達(dá)時(shí)間。 When a contract is concluded by the exchange of electronic messages, if the recipient of an electronic message has designated a specific system to receive it, the time when the electronic message enters into such specific system is deemed its time of arrival; if no specific system has been

19、designated, the time when the electronic message first enters into any of the recipient's systems is deemed its time of arrival. 第十七條要約可以撤回。撤回要約的通知應(yīng)當(dāng)在要約到達(dá)受要約人之前或者與要約同時(shí)到達(dá)受要約人。 Article 17 Withdrawal of Offer An offer may be withdrawn. The notice of withdrawal shall reach the offeree before or at t

20、he same time as the offer. 第十八條要約可以撤銷(xiāo)。撤銷(xiāo)要約的通知應(yīng)當(dāng)在受要約人發(fā)出承諾通知之前到達(dá)受要約人。 Article 18 Revocation of Offer An offer may be revoked. The notice of revocation shall reach the offeree before it has dispatched a notice of acceptance. 第十九條有下列情形之一的，要約不得撤銷(xiāo)： Article 19 Irrevocable Offer An offer may not be revoked:

21、 （一）要約人確定了承諾期限或者以其他形式明示要約不可撤銷(xiāo)； (i) if it expressly indicates, whether by stating a fixed time for acceptance or otherwise, that it is irrevocable; （二）受要約人有理由認(rèn)為要約是不可撤銷(xiāo)的，并已經(jīng)為履行合同作了準(zhǔn)備工作。 (ii) if the offeree has reason to regard the offer as irrevocable, and has undertaken preparation for performance. 第

22、二十條有下列情形之一的，要約失效： Article 20 Extinguishment of Offer An offer is extinguished in any of the following circumstances: （一）拒絕要約的通知到達(dá)要約人； (i) The notice of rejection reaches the offeror; （二）要約人依法撤銷(xiāo)要約； (ii) The offeror lawfully revokes the offer; （三）承諾期限屆滿，受要約人未作出承諾； (iii) The offeree fails to dispatch i

23、ts acceptance at the end of the period for acceptance; （四）受要約人對(duì)要約的內(nèi)容作出實(shí)質(zhì)性變更。 (iv) The offeree makes a material change to the terms of the offer. 第二十一條承諾是受要約人同意要約的意思表示。 Article 21 Definition of Acceptance An acceptance is the offeree's manifestation of intention to assent to an offer. 第二十二條承諾應(yīng)當(dāng)以通

24、知的方式作出，但根據(jù)交易習(xí)慣或者要約表明可以通過(guò)行為作出承諾的除外。 Article 22 Mode of Acceptance; Acceptance by Conduct An acceptance shall be manifested by notification, except where it may be manifested by conduct in accordance with the relevant usage or as indicated in the offer. 第二十三條承諾應(yīng)當(dāng)在要約確定的期限內(nèi)到達(dá)要約人。 Article 23 Timely Dispa

25、tch of Acceptance An acceptance shall reach the offeror within the period prescribed in the offer. 要約沒(méi)有確定承諾期限的，承諾應(yīng)當(dāng)依照下列規(guī)定到達(dá)： Where the offer does not prescribe a period for acceptance, the acceptance shall reach the offeror as follows: （一）要約以對(duì)話方式作出的，應(yīng)當(dāng)即時(shí)作出承諾，但當(dāng)事人另有約定的除外； (i) Where the offer is made

26、orally, the acceptance shall be dispatched immediately, unless otherwise agreed by the parties; （二）要約以非對(duì)話方式作出的，承諾應(yīng)當(dāng)在合理期限內(nèi)到達(dá)。 (ii) Where the offer is made in a non-oral manner, the acceptance shall reach the offeror within a reasonable time. 第二十四條要約以信件或者電報(bào)作出的，承諾期限自信件載明的日期或者電報(bào)交發(fā)之日開(kāi)始計(jì)算。信件未載明日期的，自投寄該信件的

27、郵戳日期開(kāi)始計(jì)算。要約以電話、傳真等快速通訊方式作出的，承諾期限自要約到達(dá)受要約人時(shí)開(kāi)始計(jì)算。 Article 24 Commencement of the Period for Acceptance Where an offer is made by a letter or a telegram, the period for acceptance commences on the date shown on the letter or the date on which the telegram is handed in for dispatch. If the letter does n

28、ot specify a date, the period commences on the posting date stamped on the envelop. Where the offer is made through an instantaneous communication device such as telephone or facsimile, etc., the period for acceptance commences once the offer reaches the offeree. 第二十五條承諾生效時(shí)合同成立。 Article 25 Contract

29、Formed upon Effectiveness of Acceptance A contract is formed once the acceptance becomes effective. 第二十六條承諾通知到達(dá)要約人時(shí)生效。承諾不需要通知的，根據(jù)交易習(xí)慣或者要約的要求作出承諾的行為時(shí)生效。 Article 26 Effectiveness of Acceptance A notice of acceptance becomes effective once it reaches the offeror. Where the acceptance does not require n

30、otification, it becomes effective once an act of acceptance is performed in accordance with the relevant usage or as required by the offer. 采用數(shù)據(jù)電文形式訂立合同的，承諾到達(dá)的時(shí)間適用本法第十六條第二款的規(guī)定。 Where a contract is concluded by the exchange of electronic messages, the time of arrival of the acceptance shall be govern

31、ed by Paragraph 2 of Article 16 hereof. 第二十七條承諾可以撤回。撤回承諾的通知應(yīng)當(dāng)在承諾通知到達(dá)要約人之前或者與承諾通知同時(shí)到達(dá)要約人。 Article 27 Withdrawal of Acceptance An acceptance may be withdrawn. The notice of withdrawal shall reach the offeror before or at the same time as the acceptance. 第二十八條受要約人超過(guò)承諾期限發(fā)出承諾的，除要約人及時(shí)通知受要約人該承諾有效的以外，為新要約。

32、Article 28 Late Acceptance An acceptance dispatched by the offeree after expiration of the period for acceptance constitutes a new offer, unless the offeror timely advises the offeree that the acceptance is valid. 第二十九條受要約人在承諾期限內(nèi)發(fā)出承諾，按照通常情形能夠及時(shí)到達(dá)要約人，但因其他原因承諾到達(dá)要約人時(shí)超過(guò)承諾期限的，除要約人及時(shí)通知受要約人因承諾超過(guò)期限不接受該承諾的以外

33、，該承諾有效。 Article 29 Delayed Transmission of Acceptance If the offeree dispatched its acceptance within the period for acceptance, and the acceptance, which would otherwise have reached the offeror in due time under normal circumstances, reaches the offeror after expiration of the period for acceptanc

34、e due to any other reason, the acceptance is valid, unless the offeror timely advises the offeree that the acceptance has been rejected on grounds of the delay. 第三十條承諾的內(nèi)容應(yīng)當(dāng)與要約的內(nèi)容一致。受要約人對(duì)要約的內(nèi)容作出實(shí)質(zhì)性變更的，為新要約。有關(guān)合同標(biāo)的、數(shù)量、質(zhì)量、價(jià)款或者報(bào)酬、履行期限、履行地點(diǎn)和方式、違約責(zé)任和解決爭(zhēng)議方法等的變更，是對(duì)要約內(nèi)容的實(shí)質(zhì)性變更。 Article 30 Acceptance Containing

35、 Material Change The terms of the acceptance shall be identical to those of the offer. A purported acceptance dispatched by the offeree which materially alters the terms of the offer constitutes a new offer. A change in the subject matter, quantity, quality, price or remuneration, time, place and me

36、thod of performance, liabilities for breach of contract or method of dispute resolution is a material change to the terms of the offer. 第三十一條承諾對(duì)要約的內(nèi)容作出非實(shí)質(zhì)性變更的，除要約人及時(shí)表示反對(duì)或者要約表明承諾不得對(duì)要約的內(nèi)容作出任何變更的以外，該承諾有效，合同的內(nèi)容以承諾的內(nèi)容為準(zhǔn)。 Article 31 Acceptance Containing Non-material Changes An acceptance containing nonma

37、terial changes to the terms of the offer is nevertheless valid and the terms thereof prevail as the terms of the contract, unless the offeror timely objects to such changes or the offer indicated that acceptance may not contain any change to the terms thereof. 第三十二條當(dāng)事人采用合同書(shū)形式訂立合同的，自雙方當(dāng)事人簽字或者蓋章時(shí)合同成立。

38、 Article 32 Time of Formation in Case of Memorandum of Contract Where the parties enter into a contract by a memorandum of contract, the contract is formed when it is signed or sealed by the parties. 第三十三條當(dāng)事人采用信件、數(shù)據(jù)電文等形式訂立合同的，可以在合同成立之前要求簽訂確認(rèn)書(shū)。簽訂確認(rèn)書(shū)時(shí)合同成立。 Article 33 Time of Formation in Case of Lette

39、rs or Electronic Messages; Confirmation Letter Where the parties enter into a contract by the exchange of letters or electronic messages, one party may require execution of a confirmation letter before the contract is formed. The contract is formed upon execution of the confirmation letter. 第三十四條承諾生

40、效的地點(diǎn)為合同成立的地點(diǎn)。 Article 34 Place of Formation; Electronic Messages The place where the acceptance becomes effective is the place of formation of a contract. 采用數(shù)據(jù)電文形式訂立合同的，收件人的主營(yíng)業(yè)地為合同成立的地點(diǎn)；沒(méi)有主營(yíng)業(yè)地的，其經(jīng)常居住地為合同成立的地點(diǎn)。當(dāng)事人另有約定的，按照其約定。 Where a contract is concluded by the exchange of electronic messages, the r

41、ecipient's main place of business is the place of formation of the contract; if the recipient does not have a main place of business, its habitual residence is the place of formation of the contract. If the parties have agreed otherwise, such agreement prevails. 第三十五條當(dāng)事人采用合同書(shū)形式訂立合同的，雙方當(dāng)事人簽字或者蓋章的

42、地點(diǎn)為合同成立的地點(diǎn)。 Article 35 Place of Formation in Case of Memorandum of Contract Where a contract is concluded by a memorandum of contract, its place of formation is the place where the parties sign or seal the contract. 第三十六條法律、行政法規(guī)規(guī)定或者當(dāng)事人約定采用書(shū)面形式訂立合同，當(dāng)事人未采用書(shū)面形式但一方已經(jīng)履行主要義務(wù)，對(duì)方接受的，該合同成立。 Article 36 Effect

43、 of Failure to Conclude Contract in Writing Where a contract is to be concluded by a writing as required by the relevant law or administrative regulation or as agreed by the parties, if the parties failed to conclude the contract in writing but one party has performed its main obligation and the oth

44、er party has accepted the performance, the contract is formed. 第三十七條采用合同書(shū)形式訂立合同，在簽字或者蓋章之前，當(dāng)事人一方已經(jīng)履行主要義務(wù)，對(duì)方接受的，該合同成立。 Article 37 Effect of Failure to Sign in Case of Memorandum of Contract Where a contract is to be concluded by a memorandum of contract, if prior to signing or sealing of the contract,

45、 one party has performed its main obligation and the other party has accepted the performance, the contract is formed. 第三十八條國(guó)家根據(jù)需要下達(dá)指令性任務(wù)或者國(guó)家訂貨任務(wù)的，有關(guān)法人、其他組織之間應(yīng)當(dāng)依照有關(guān)法律、行政法規(guī)規(guī)定的權(quán)利和義務(wù)訂立合同。 Article 38 Contract under State Mandatory Plan Where the state has, in light of its requirements, issued a mandator

46、y plan or state purchase order, the relevant legal persons and other organizations shall enter into a contract based on the rights and obligations of the parties prescribed by the relevant laws and administrative regulations. 第三十九條采用格式條款訂立合同的，提供格式條款的一方應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循公平原則確定當(dāng)事人之間的權(quán)利和義務(wù)，并采取合理的方式提請(qǐng)對(duì)方注意免除或者限制其責(zé)任的條款

47、，按照對(duì)方的要求，對(duì)該條款予以說(shuō)明。 Article 39 Standard Terms; Duty to Call Attention Where a contract is concluded by way of standard terms, the party supplying the standard terms shall abide by the principle of fairness in prescribing the rights and obligations of the parties and shall, in a reasonable manner, cal

48、l the other party's attention to the provision(s) whereby such party's liabilities are excluded or limited, and shall explain such provision(s) upon request by the other party. 格式條款是當(dāng)事人為了重復(fù)使用而預(yù)先擬定，并在訂立合同時(shí)未與對(duì)方協(xié)商的條款。 Standard terms are contract provisions which were prepared in advance by a pa

49、rty for repeated use, and which are not negotiated with the other party in the course of concluding the contract. 第四十條格式條款具有本法第五十二條和第五十三條規(guī)定情形的，或者提供格式條款一方免除其責(zé)任、加重對(duì)方責(zé)任、排除對(duì)方主要權(quán)利的，該條款無(wú)效。 Article 40 Invalidity of Certain Standard Terms A standard term is invalid if it falls into any of the circumstances

50、set forth in Article 52 and Article 53 hereof, or if it excludes the liabilities of the party supplying such term, increases the liabilities of the other party, or deprives the other party of any of its material rights. 第四十一條對(duì)格式條款的理解發(fā)生爭(zhēng)議的，應(yīng)當(dāng)按照通常理解予以解釋。對(duì)格式條款有兩種以上解釋的，應(yīng)當(dāng)作出不利于提供格式條款一方的解釋。格式條款和非格式條款不一致的，

51、應(yīng)當(dāng)采用非格式條款。 Article 41 Dispute Concerning Construction of Standard Term In case of any dispute concerning the construction of a standard term, such term shall be interpreted in accordance with common sense. If the standard term is subject to two or more interpretations, it shall be interpreted agains

52、t the party supplying it. If a discrepancy exists between the standard term and a non-standard term, the non-standard term prevails. 第四十二條當(dāng)事人在訂立合同過(guò)程中有下列情形之一，給對(duì)方造成損失的，應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)損害賠償責(zé)任： Article 42 Pre-contract Liabilities Where in the course of concluding a contract, a party engaged in any of the following

53、conducts, thereby causing loss to the other party, it shall be liable for damages: （一）假借訂立合同，惡意進(jìn)行磋商； (i) negotiating in bad faith under the pretext of concluding a contract; （二）故意隱瞞與訂立合同有關(guān)的重要事實(shí)或者提供虛假情況； (ii) intentionally concealing a material fact relating to the conclusion of the contract or suppl

54、ying false information; （三）有其他違背誠(chéng)實(shí)信用原則的行為。 (iii) any other conduct which violates the principle of good faith. 第四十三條當(dāng)事人在訂立合同過(guò)程中知悉的商業(yè)秘密，無(wú)論合同是否成立，不得泄露或者不正當(dāng)?shù)厥褂?。泄露或者不正?dāng)?shù)厥褂迷撋虡I(yè)秘密給對(duì)方造成損失的，應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)損害賠償責(zé)任。 Article 43 Trade Secrets; Liability for Disclosure or Improper Use A party may not disclose or improperly u

55、se any trade secret which it became aware of in the course of negotiating a contract, regardless of whether a contract is formed. If the party disclosed or improperly used such trade secret, thereby causing loss to the other party, it shall be liable for damages. 第三章 合同的效力 Chapter Three: Validity of

56、 Contracts 第四十四條依法成立的合同，自成立時(shí)生效。 Article 44 Effectiveness of Contract A lawfully formed contract becomes effective upon its formation. 法律、行政法規(guī)規(guī)定應(yīng)當(dāng)辦理批準(zhǔn)、登記等手續(xù)生效的，依照其規(guī)定。 Where effectiveness of a contract is subject to any procedure such as approval or registration, etc. as required by a relevant law or

57、administrative regulation, such provision applies. 第四十五條當(dāng)事人對(duì)合同的效力可以約定附條件。附生效條件的合同，自條件成就時(shí)生效。附解除條件的合同，自條件成就時(shí)失效。 Article 45 Conditions Precedent; Conditions Subsequent; Improper Impairment or Facilitation The parties may prescribe that effectiveness of a contract be subject to certain conditions. A con

58、tract subject to a condition precedent becomes effective once such condition is satisfied. A contract subject to a condition subsequent is extinguished once such condition is satisfied. 當(dāng)事人為自己的利益不正當(dāng)?shù)刈柚箺l件成就的，視為條件已成就；不正當(dāng)?shù)卮俪蓷l件成就的，視為條件不成就。 Where in order to further its own interests, a party improperly impaired the satisfaction of a condition, the condition is deemed to have been satisfied; where a party improperly facilitated the satisfaction of a condition, the condition is deemed not to