高考閱讀理解迎考策略

1、高考閱讀理解迎考策略1、閱讀理解能力測試的要求 （一）掌握所讀材料的主旨和大意，以及用以說明主旨和大意的事實和細節(jié)； （二）既理解具體的事實，也理解抽象的概念； （三）既理解字面意思，也理解深層含義，包括整理的態(tài)度、意圖等； （四）既理解某句、某段的意義，也理解全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，并據(jù)此進行推理和判斷； （五）既根據(jù)材料所提供的信息去理解，也能結(jié)合中學(xué)生應(yīng)有的常識去理解。 2、閱讀理解各題型的解題方法與技巧 （1）細節(jié)理解題：一般針對某個特定的細節(jié)而提出，難度較小，屬淺層理解?？忌ㄗx短文后可直接找出答題依據(jù)。細節(jié)理解題有三種題型：純細節(jié)題、計算題、細節(jié)推斷題。三類題中細節(jié)推斷題一般難度較大，考生

2、要細細推敲。從最近幾年的高考題看來細節(jié)理解題占了考題的一半左右。 1）、通讀短文，領(lǐng)悟文章大意，理解文章結(jié)構(gòu)層次及細節(jié)，特別注意： 五個w (who, which, when, where, what), 一個h (how)以及其它特殊之處 數(shù)字、日期、時間等： 例2：Due in part to old, inefficient batteries, Helios finished fourthout of fourin its kind, the sunpowered class. “We were there for the fun of it.” Anna says. “Were pr

3、oud of Helios,” says Ariel Gleicher, 14. “Its a car thats good for the environment.” 65.  How many sun-powered cars took part in the race?  (B) A.1   B.4   C. 23    D.44   (NMET2004全國卷二)     同位語，破折號，括號，省略號等： 例3：They may plan

4、more parties or try to attract more people to join their informal talks. Some publishers have expressed interest in a book, something they say theyll consider. 60.  How do they like the idea of writing a book?  (B) A.  They have decided to wait a year or two. B. They will th

5、ink about it carefully. C.  They agreed immediately              D. They find it hard to do that.     2)、利用排除法排除不符合原文細節(jié)的選項，剩下的正是要選擇的最佳答案?？忌⒁獾氖怯袝r在兩個難以抉擇的題項之間一定要通過文章的整體意思來作出判斷。找到關(guān)鍵詞后最好在下面劃線，以便檢查。（2）詞句理解題：此類題要求考

6、生正確理解短文中一些關(guān)鍵詞、短語或句子的含義。常用的手段是利用多種表達法、詞的多義性、同近義詞語替換、習(xí)語釋義、句型或語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換等。 1)、理解題意，從短文中找到相關(guān)的詞、短語或句子，根據(jù)特定的語境來判斷理解，推敲斟酌，最后確定其準確含義。 2）、要熟悉常見的設(shè)問形式： The underlined word in theparagraph refers to / means _. What does “ _” in paragraph stand for / mean? “_” could best be replaced by which of the following? The expr

7、ession / phrase “_” means _. The word “_” is closest in meaning to _. 3)、要掌握常見的猜詞技巧 定義；解釋；同位語；）對照比較；因果；同近義詞；反義詞；構(gòu)詞法（派生、合成、轉(zhuǎn)化）；語境或上下文；常識和經(jīng)驗；要具備有關(guān)的西方社會人文知識，逐步習(xí)慣西方人特有思維特點，如女士優(yōu)先(ladies first)、人人想年輕(everyone wants to be young)、幽默感(the sense of humor)、個性堅強(strong character)、不干涉他人隱私(concept of privacy)、誠實最

8、好(honesty is the best policy)、守時(punctuality)等。 請猜測下列劃線部分詞的意思： 例4：My teenage son Karl became withdrawn after his father died. As a single parent, I tried to do my best to talk to him, but the more I tried, the more he pulled away. By saying “Karl became withdrawn”, the author means that the boy chan

9、ged entirely and _.    A. refused to stay alone at home   B. lost interest in his studies    C. refused to talk to others        D. began to dislike his mother    (C) （3 ）推理判斷題：這一類題主要針對短文的結(jié)論、隱含意義（寓意）、整理的傾向、文章的論調(diào)、寫作思路及目的等

10、方面，要求考生縱觀全文，在匯集短文提供的各項信息的基礎(chǔ)上，嚴格按照短文陳述的觀點或描述的事實，進行正確的、合乎邏輯的推論和引申，包括事情的前因后果、人物的目的動機和性格特征、整理的傾向態(tài)度、語言中的語態(tài)和語氣等。有時還可能會假設(shè)一種情況要求考生對原文中沒有提到的情況進行推理想象，對題目中提出的各種可能性進行推敲，從而選出符合原文信息或整理愿意的最佳答案。 1）、要熟悉常見的設(shè)問形式： We can infer / conclude from the passage that _. It can be inferred / concluded (from the passage ) that _

11、. The passage / story / author / paragraph implies, but does not directly state that _. The authors / writers attitude（態(tài)度）towards is _. What do you think would happen (to) at the end of the story? 例5：2005安徽卷：  Just as crying can be healthy, not crying holding back tears of anger, pain or suffer

12、ing can be bad for physical (身體的) health. Studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure, heart problems and some other illnesses. If you have a health problem, doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like crying, don't fight it. It'

13、s a natural  and healthy emotional response (反應(yīng)). 61, It can be inferred from the text that _. Athere are two ways to keep healthy  Bcrying does more good to health than laughing Ccrying and laughing play the same roles Demotional health has a close relationship to physical health  （D

14、） 2）、注意：干擾項的特點      *只是原文的簡單復(fù)述,而非推斷出來的結(jié)論,把直接表達當作間接推理      *看似從原文推斷出來的結(jié)論,然而實際上與原文不符,如因果倒置,手段變目的等      *根據(jù)考生已有的常識是正確的,但是卻不是基于文章,一切以文章為準      *推理過頭,引申過渡     正確選項的特點      *不是文中明確說明的內(nèi)容,沒有引申推

15、理就不是正確選項      *正確選項大多含義深刻,不是常識選項 推斷秘訣: * 不能以自己的觀點代替整理的觀點； * 推理的根據(jù)來自于上下文。     * 注意那些似乎話中有話的的間接表達句,它們往往采用說半句,打比喻,反著說的方式,讓考生有推理的余地     * 注意含義深刻或結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的句子. （4）歸納概括題：此類題主要針對文章的主題、中心思想、文章的結(jié)構(gòu)層次（主題句或主題段）、整理的寫作目的(purpose)、整理的態(tài)度等方面，要求考生在準確理解全文后歸納短文要點，概括中心思想，也包括分

16、析和歸納段落大意、重要情節(jié)、人物特征和環(huán)境特點等。 1）、領(lǐng)會文章大意，靈活運用概念、判斷、歸納、推理等邏輯思維方法，真正準確地理解文章的話題和中心思想。 秘訣：（1）注意首段和各段第一句話,將其含義連接成一個整體。    （2）小心”首段陷阱”,不要一看開頭就選擇答案。    （3）不管主旨題出現(xiàn)在第幾道題, 都作為最后一道題去做,因為做完其他題以后會對主旨的理解有幫助。      （4）段落中出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折時,該句很可能是主題句     （5）整理有意識的反復(fù)重復(fù)的觀點通常是主

17、旨      （6）首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時,對該問題的解答就是文章主旨      （7）提出文章主旨時常伴有的文字提示：therefore, thus, but, however, in short等等。 2)、 真正理清整理的態(tài)度和目的 秘訣：（1）.理解四個選項詞語的含義。歸納起來,常見的態(tài)度詞有: opposition反對 suspicion懷疑的 approval支持 unconcerned不關(guān)心的(一般不選) optimistic樂觀的 subjective主觀的 objective客觀的 pessimisti

18、c悲觀的 sensitive 敏感的      （2）.不要攙雜自己的觀點.      （3）.可以尋找文中一些具有感情色彩的詞      （4）.可以抓論述的主線及舉例的方式 3)、要熟悉常見的設(shè)問形式： （1) What is the main subject / the best title of the passage? （2) Which of the following is the best title for the passage? （3) The titl

19、e that best expresses the main idea of the passage is _. （4) From the passage we know that _. （5) The main idea of this passage is _. （6) The passage is mainly about _. （7) Choose the best title for the passage. （8）Whats the purpose/attitude of ? 例6：UK workers are among the least stressed in Europe,

20、 a survey has suggested. Just 20% of British workers found their workplace "too stressful" compared with an average of 27% across Europe. Switzerland and Sweden suffered the highest levels of anxiety in their job (33%), the survey by global recruitment(招募) agency Kelly Services found. The

21、poll of 19,000 people across 12 countries also found that male workers, older staff and those in steady jobs were under the greatest pressure. "A certain amount of stress is inevitable and can be a good thing when it pushes people beyond their comfort zone to work harder and smarter," said

22、 Steve Girdler, marketing director of Kelly Services UK. "But high levels of prolonged stress are not good because they have an effect on productivity(生產(chǎn)效率) and are associated with physical and emotional illness," he warned. The group also found stress increased significantly with age - ri

23、sing from 19% in the 15-24 age group to 23% for those aged 45 and above. The report suggested these workers could also be suffering from added stress at home and increased responsibility. Those working the longest hours found their job the most stressful - 18% for those working 30 hours or less, 34%

24、 for those clocking on for 41-50 hours, and 50% for those working longer than 51 hours.   Kelly Services also uncovered a close link between stress and job satisfaction. For those workers who said they faced too much stress, just 28% were happy in their jobs, while for those with "jus

25、t the right amount of stress" happiness levels jumped to 65%. The findings suggest staff enjoy jobs where they face challenges that push them to "learn new skills". 4. The purpose of writing the passage is _. A. to offer practical tips on reducing working stress B. to find the link be

26、tween stress and job satisfaction C. to seek ways to reduce the workers working stress D. to report the result of a recent survey in Europe （D） （5 ）圖示理解題：圖示理解中的一般坐標方位是“上北下南，左西右東”（特別標明方位的除外）即有時根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容提供一幅或多幅圖（地圖、示意圖或其它圖形），要求考生正確判斷和選擇符合原文的圖示。 1)、先看問題和圖示，再讀原文，要以原文提供的事實、邏輯關(guān)系為自己思維活動的基準點，使自己的思維模式與整理寫作

27、時的思維模式相吻合，仔細研讀和準確理解與圖示有關(guān)的信息（詞、短語或句子），分析其中的細節(jié)，找了符合圖示所要求的必要條件； 2)、熟悉常見的設(shè)問形式：        （1) Which of the following maps gives the right position of？ （2) Which of the following diagrams / pictures / figures shows the correct relationship between A, B and C? （3) Which of the di

28、agrams shows the right relation of the mentioned in the passage? （4) Which of the drawings below gives an idea of what is / looks like?  例7：In the northeast of USA there are six small states. Together they are called New England. The most important state of New England is Massachusetts. Its cap

29、ital city is Boston, with a population of just over half a million, which is the biggest New England city. Greater Boston is made up of 78 cities and towns. It has a population of nearly 3 million which is half the population of the state of Massachusetts. 69.Which of the following diagrams gives the correct relationship between New England, Massachusetts and Boston? (NNew England; MMassachusetts; BBoston) 3、答題步驟及注意事項 答題步驟 1）、先看問題，再讀文章：帶著問題閱