初中英語七年級(jí)(下)第二課

1、Chapter 8 Protecting our environmentIf I plant this seed in the ground, will it become a pear tree, Hi? Yes.Thats strange. Its an apple seed.Do you think that we have a beautiful world now?the seathe forestair pollutionindustrial pollutionsmog = smoke + fogwater pollutionwater pollutionenvironment p

2、ollutionnoise pollutionAre trees important to us?A What do you know aboutBrain storming: Trees are very important in our daily life. What can we get from trees? use- eat- drink- wear- A What do you know aboutBrain storming: Trees are very important in our daily life. What can we get from trees?use-e

3、at-drink-wear- pencils, chopsticks, tables, chairs, paper fruit, nutstea(leaves), coffee(beans)flowers, shoes(rubber)Before you read the interview on the next page, try Before you read the interview on the next page, try this quiz about trees.this quiz about trees. A Ba mice i 70 yearsb pine trees i

4、i 150 yearsc tortoises iii 40100 yearsd dolphins iv 1,200 yearse people v 2 years1 How long do they live? Match the items on the left 1 How long do they live? Match the items on the left with the with the average agesaverage ages on the right. on the right.2 Pollution means making things dirty and u

5、nhealthy. Which type of pollution do trees help fight?A air pollutionA air pollutionB noise pollutionB noise pollutionC water pollutionC water pollutionD all of the above D all of the above 2 Pollution means making things dirty and unhealthy. Which type of pollution do trees help fight? Air pollutio

6、n: Air pollution: The leaves of trees remove The leaves of trees remove dangerous chemicals and dirt dangerous chemicals and dirt from the air and produce from the air and produce oxygen.oxygen. 2 Pollution means making things dirty and unhealthy. Which type of pollution do trees help fight? Water p

7、ollution: Water pollution: Trees around reservoirs help Trees around reservoirs help keep the water clean by keep the water clean by removing dust and dirt from removing dust and dirt from the air, and their roots prevent the air, and their roots prevent the soil from being washed the soil from bein

8、g washed into the o the water.2 Pollution means making things dirty and unhealthy. Which type of pollution do trees help fight? Noise pollution: Noise pollution: Trees reduce noise from Trees reduce noise from vehicles.vehicles.3 Which of the following come from trees? a apple a apple b bea

9、ns b beans c cotton c cotton d oil d oil e tea e tea f rubber f rubber4 The best-known plants in Shenzhen are azaleas. These sweet-smelling flowers are known as the flowers of Shenzhen city. Which picture shows azaleas?banana treespalm treesazaleasB look and thinkB look and thinkBefore you read the

10、interview, look at the title, introduction and pictures. Then say whether the following sentences are T or F.1 The pollution fighters are probably scientists.1 The pollution fighters are probably scientists.2 Few useful products come from trees.2 Few useful products come from trees.3 Trees produce h

11、armful gases.3 Trees produce harmful gases.4 Trees can pass information to one another.4 Trees can pass information to one another.FFFTI. 英漢互譯:關(guān)于污染的課題采訪某人3. 對(duì)感興趣 4. 在地球上5.對(duì)有用6. 在尾部7. 喜歡呼吸純潔空氣 8.因?yàn)槟呈赂兄x某人 be interested in on Earth be useful for the end of interview sb.thank sb. for sth. enjoy breathin

12、g fresh airI. 英漢互譯:9.使得涼爽10.例如11.昆蟲12.襲擊/攻擊某人13.警告某人14.保護(hù)自己 15.嘗起來很難吃16.和某人交流17.處于危險(xiǎn)中 insect attack sb. warn sb. protect oneself for example be in (great) danger taste bad communicate with sb.I. 英漢互譯:18.把根連在一起19.砍下20.消滅21.抵抗污染 destroyfight against pollutionjoin the roots togethernC1 Find these words

13、 in the interview on page 17, read the words around them, choose the best meanings.1. collecting a. picking someone up b. bringing things together c. buying2. join a. take park inb. put awayc. make two or more thing together3. communicating with attackingb. sending messages toc. joining4. in dangera

14、. not dangerousb. safec. not safe 5. burn a. saveb. damage something by firec. make warm6. destroying protectingb. helpingc. damaging badly n7.againstna.fornb saying no to nc.saying yes toC Find the meaningsC Find the meanings A B project a talking to someone and asking them questions interviewing b

15、 say that something bad or dangerous may happen breathing c a careful study of a subject by school or student nature d a life-giving gas found in air warn e taking in air a chemical f something produced by or used in chemistry cut down g cut something to make it fall down C2 Find the words in Column

16、 A in the interview and C2 Find the words in Column A in the interview and match them with the meanings in Column B.match them with the meanings in Column B.Fill in the blanks with correct words. The old man is so weak. He can The old man is so weak. He can _stand._stand. I must _you not to go out.

17、There is a I must _you not to go out. There is a storm coming.storm coming. This country has few _ resources.This country has few _ resources. The farmer used a _ to kill the insects The farmer used a _ to kill the insects in their fields.in their fields.hardlywarnnaturalchemicalFill in the blanks w

18、ith correct words.7. These days we can _with 7. These days we can _with pen-friends by e-mails.pen-friends by e-mails.8. The TV progr8. The TV progra am _ a famous film m _ a famous film director about his latest film.director about his latest film.9. The water in the stream was not polluted. It 9.

19、The water in the stream was not polluted. It was _.was _.10. He forgot to turn off the air conditioner, so it 10. He forgot to turn off the air conditioner, so it was _ all night.was _ all municateinterviewedpurerunningD Find the factsThese are some of the notes that Judy made from her interview wit

20、h Doctor Ray. However, she made four mistakes. Read through the interview and correct Judys mistakes. Trees: Trees:1 Live much longer than people;1 Live much longer than people;2 produce wood, rubber, paper, etc;2 produce wood, rubber, paper, etc;3 heat the air;3 heat the air;4 cant clean the air;4

21、cant clean the air;5 are like air conditioners;5 are like air conditioners;6 cannot protect themselves against insects;6 cannot protect themselves against insects;7 can share food and water with one another;7 can share food and water with one another;8 are in danger, mainly from insects.8 are in dan

22、ger, mainly from insects.heat-coolcant-canpeople/ humanscant-canRita is asking May questions about trees. May is giving Yes or No answers .Read Ritas questions and complete Mays answers with one or more words. 1 We get many useful things from trees, 1 We get many useful things from trees, dont we? d

23、ont we? Yes.Yes. Two examples are Two examples are wood and rubber.wood and rubber.2 Trees do two main things 2 Trees do two main things to the air, to the air, Is that true ? Yes.Yes. They They cool it and clean it.cool it and clean it.3 One tree has the power of 3 One tree has the power of 15 air

24、conditioners. Is that right? 15 air conditioners. Is that right? No.No.One tree has the power of One tree has the power of five air conditioners.five air conditioners.4 Do scientists know a lot about trees?4 Do scientists know a lot about trees? No.No. They are They are only now beginning only now b

25、eginning to understand them. to understand them.5 Can trees communicate with 5 Can trees communicate with one another? one another? Yes.Yes. For example, if insects For example, if insects attack a tree,attack a tree, it can warn its neighbours. it can warn its neighbours.6 And can they protect them

26、selves 6 And can they protect themselves from insects? from insects? Yes.Yes. They can produce They can produce a chemical to a chemical to make their leaves taste nasty. make their leaves taste nasty.7 Can trees help one another?7 Can trees help one another? Yes.Yes. For example, they can For examp

27、le, they can join their join their roots together underground and pass roots together underground and pass food and water around. food and water around.8 Every year, there are fewer and fewer trees 8 Every year, there are fewer and fewer trees in the world. Is that true?in the world. Is that true? Y

28、es.Yes. People People cut down millions of trees, but cut down millions of trees, but replace hardly any of them.replace hardly any of them.A quiz about numbersRita is taking part in a tree-planting campaign. She is writing a poster 海報(bào) to attract people to join. Judy is helping her. Listen to them t

29、alking, and complete the poster by putting one word in each blank.參加參加Eight reasons for helping to plant trees:Eight reasons for helping to plant trees:1 Trees make streets more _.1 Trees make streets more _.2 Trees make streets less _.2 Trees make streets less _.3 Trees make our air _.3 Trees make

30、our air _.4 Trees make our air _.4 Trees make our air _.5 Trees make _ to keep us alive 5 Trees make _ to keep us alive and _.and _.6 Trees provide us with _ things like 6 Trees provide us with _ things like _ and _._ and _.7 Trees help us fight _.7 Trees help us fight _.8 Trees are in _.8 Trees are

31、 in _.beautifulnoisypurercooleroxygenhealthyusefulfruitpaperpollutiondangerJ:Hi, Rita. What are you doing?J:Hi, Rita. What are you doing?R:Hi, Judy. Im just writing a R:Hi, Judy. Im just writing a posterposter about about tree-planting.tree-planting.J:Oh, thats interesting. Can I help you?J:Oh, that

32、s interesting. Can I help you?R:Yes, please! why we should plant trees. R:Yes, please! why we should plant trees. Can you give me some ideas?Can you give me some ideas?J:Well, trees are very beautiful.J:Well, trees are very beautiful.R:Yes. They make our streets more beautiful.R:Yes. They make our s

33、treets more beautiful.J:And they help to reduce the noise on our J:And they help to reduce the noise on our streets.streets.R:Thats true. Trees make our streets less R:Thats true. Trees make our streets less noisy. What else?noisy. What else?J:Well, they help make the air purer.J:Well, they help mak

34、e the air purer.R:Good. Number3. Trees make our air purer. R:Good. Number3. Trees make our air purer. J:And they make it cooler, too.J:And they make it cooler, too.R:Right. Trees make our air cooler.R:Right. Trees make our air cooler.J:And dont forget- that trees makes oxygen. J:And dont forget- tha

35、t trees makes oxygen. We need that to We need that to breathebreathe! !R:Thats a good pointR:Thats a good point. Number 5. Trees make . Number 5. Trees make oxygen to keep us alive and healthy.oxygen to keep us alive and healthy.J:And we get things from trees,J:And we get things from trees, dont we?

36、 dont we?R: You mean like fruit? R: You mean like fruit? J: Yes, and paper.J: Yes, and paper.R: Right. Trees R: Right. Trees produce useful thingsproduce useful things like fruit like fruit and paper. and paper. J: And they help us J: And they help us fight pollutionfight pollution. .R: Thats import

37、ant. Trees help us fight R: Thats important. Trees help us fight pollution. Anything else?pollution. Anything else?J: Well, people cut down so many trees.J: Well, people cut down so many trees.R: Yes. Trees are in danger. There , thats R: Yes. Trees are in danger. There , thats eight reasons. Thanks

38、 for your help, Judy.eight reasons. Thanks for your help, Judy.J: Youre welcome.J: Youre welcome.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事情現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事情構(gòu)成：構(gòu)成：be +動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞肯定句：肯定句：I am reading.否認(rèn)句：否認(rèn)句：He is not working.一般疑問句：一般疑問句：Are they planting trees? Yes, they are./No, they arent特殊疑問句：特殊疑問句：What are you doing n

39、ow?A1 Work in pairs. S1 is Bob and S2 is Ada. Ada is on holiday with friends. Bob is phoning her and asking her what all their friends are doing. Ada is telling him.dive fish play sunbathe eat hang-glide practise windsurfS1: What is Ted doing?S2: Hes playing volleyball with Carol.For example:dive fi

40、sh play sunbathe eat hang-glide practise windsurfFor example:Pair work 2S1: Is Ted playing volleyball?S2: Yes, he is. No, he isnt. Hes_.有一些動(dòng)詞是不用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)中的，它們用一有一些動(dòng)詞是不用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)中的，它們用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。For example:hear containhate smellbelieve lovebelong think(=believe)see meanlike tasteknow und

41、erstand聽聽包含包含憎恨憎恨聞聞相信相信熱愛熱愛屬于屬于相信，認(rèn)為相信，認(rèn)為看看意思是意思是喜歡喜歡品嘗品嘗知道知道理解，明白理解，明白For example:S1 : Alan is singing.(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)S2 : I know. I hear him.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)Exercises:Mary is whistling.(吹口哨) I _. I _ her.2. Tom is dancing. I _. I _him.3. Dinner is ready.準(zhǔn)備好了 I _. I _ it.knowhearknowseeknowsmellTheres sugar in your te

42、a. I _. I _ it.5. Youre not eating any nuts. I _. I _ them.Youre eating a lot of chocolates. I _. I _ them.7. Youre playing that CD a lot. I _. I _ it.knowtasteknowhateknowlikeknowloveDanny: The doorbell _. May: I _. I _ it .May: Your dinner is on the table. Danny: I _. I _ it. It _ good.Danny: Thes

43、e cars _ to me. Rita: I _ you.is ringingknowhearknowseesmellsbelongdont believe4 Rita: I_her. What_? May: I _ that she _ Be quiet!5 Rita: Look! The baby _. May: Yes, she _ that youre her friend.6. Danny: Why is your case so heavy? May: It _ books.dont understanddoes she meanthinkmeansis smilingknows

44、contains反意疑問句反意疑問句(tag question)又叫附加疑問句，是在又叫附加疑問句，是在陳述句后，對(duì)陳述句所表達(dá)的事提出的疑問。陳述句后，對(duì)陳述句所表達(dá)的事提出的疑問。其根本結(jié)構(gòu)有兩種：其根本結(jié)構(gòu)有兩種： 一一 “肯定陳述句肯定陳述句+簡略否認(rèn)問句；簡略否認(rèn)問句； 二二 “否認(rèn)陳述句否認(rèn)陳述句+簡略肯定問句。簡略肯定問句。反意疑問句的前后兩局部在時(shí)態(tài)，人稱和數(shù)上都反意疑問句的前后兩局部在時(shí)態(tài)，人稱和數(shù)上都要保持一致。要保持一致。 It looks like rain, doesnt it? He doesnt need to work so late, does he?1 Th

45、e boy is Japanese, _he?2 The book isnt interesting, _ it?3 He knows a lot about English names, _ he?4 The girl doesnt like apples, _ she?5 There are two birds in the tree, _ there?6The man came to China last month, _ he?isntisdoesntdoesarentdidnt完成以下反意疑問句完成以下反意疑問句 1.陳述局部的主語是this, that時(shí)，疑問局部的主語多用it;陳

46、述局部的主語是these, those時(shí)，疑問局部的主語多用they。This is a dictionary, isnt it?Those are shelves, arent they?2.陳述局部是there be結(jié)構(gòu)的，疑問局部用there省略主語代詞。There is something wrong with your watch, isnt there?There will not be any trouble, will there?3. 陳述句中含有not, no, hardly, neither, never, nothing, no one, nobody, few, li

47、ttle, seldom, tooto等否認(rèn)詞或具有否認(rèn)意義的詞時(shí)，疑問局部常用肯定形式。如：Few people knew the news, did they?Tom has never been to England, has he?4. 如果陳述句的主語是something, nothing, anything, everything 等不定代詞時(shí)，反意疑問局部的主語多用it。 5. 如果主語是lm，后反意局部用arent l.l m late , arent l? 7 Youre a farmer, _ _?8 The weather isnt fine, _ _?9 Kate ca

48、me here last month, _ _?10 I dont think Tom is at home, _ _?11 There werent enough nuts, _ _?12 Theres a pen in the pencil-box, _ _?13 The man had bread for lunch, _ _?14 Mary can speak little English , _ _?15 Nothing is wrong with the watch, _ _?完成以下反意疑問句完成以下反意疑問句arent youis itdidnt sheis hewere th

49、ereisnt theredidnt hecan sheis it You are from Hong Kong, _?Youve done your homework, _?Jane can speak four languages, _?They didnt work all night,_?He has never seen such a wonderful film,_?Bob seldom goes to the cinema, _?Few people knew her, _?Speak louder, _?It cost 15 dollars, _?1. Lets go for

50、a walk ,_?arent youhavent youcant shedid theyhas hedoes hedid theywill youdidnt itshall we完成以下反意疑問句完成以下反意疑問句Attention:1.簡短問句的否認(rèn)形式，要用縮寫形式，不能出現(xiàn)not，主語要用人稱代詞不能用名詞.Her mother is a doctor , isnt she?There is a book on the desk, isnt there?2.對(duì)反意疑問句的答復(fù)，是根據(jù)事實(shí)，而不是根據(jù)問題的提法。He isnt a doctor, is he ? (他不是醫(yī)生，是嗎？)Y

51、es, he is . (不，他是醫(yī)生。)No, he isnt. 是的，他不是醫(yī)生。11. It will clear up, _?12. Everybody had a good time at the party, _?13. Miss White had lunch at 12 oclock, _?14. We cant cross the street when the red light is on,_?15. There is nobody in the classroom, _?16. Its good for you to do some sports, _?17. Let

52、us watch TV for a while, _?18. He can have another try, _?wont itdidnt theydidnt shecan weis thereisnt itwill youcant he 19.Hes an English teacher, _?20. Dont be late next time,_?21. Let us go out to play, _?22. He never goes there, _?23.Lets finish some sentences, _?24.Martin is bad at fishing, _?2

53、5.Peter could hardly see the words on the blackboard, _?26.The sick man is allowed to take a walk in the garden every day, _?27.You havent changed your mind, _?28.Your fathers gone to Guangzhou, _?isnt he will you will you does he shall we isnt he could he isnt he have you hasnt heB Debbie and Simon

54、 have taken their seats at the lecture and are waiting for it to start. The usher引引導(dǎo)員導(dǎo)員，門門房房 speaks to them. Read the conversation below and on page 103, and put in suitable question tags. The first is done as an example. U: Can you show me your tickets, please? U: Can you show me your tickets, plea

55、se? D: But youve already seen them once, D: But youve already seen them once, havent you?havent you? U: But Im asking to see them again, U: But Im asking to see them again, arent Iarent I? ? D: My friend has them. Simon, show the usher D: My friend has them. Simon, show the usher our tickets, our ti

56、ckets, will youwill you? ?U: Mm. Im afraid these tickets are U: Mm. Im afraid these tickets are for tomorrow. for tomorrow.D: Oh, youre not going to tell us to leave, D: Oh, youre not going to tell us to leave, are youare you? ?U: Im afraid so. These people have tickets U: Im afraid so. These people

57、 have tickets for today. for today. D: They wouldnt like to change tickets with us, D: They wouldnt like to change tickets with us, would they?would they?U: Im afraid not.U: Im afraid not.D: Then well have to leave, D: Then well have to leave, wont we?wont we?U: Thats right, but you can come back U:

58、 Thats right, but you can come back tomorrow, tomorrow, cant you?cant you?D: No. Tomorrows Tuesday, D: No. Tomorrows Tuesday, isnt it?isnt it? Every Tuesday Every Tuesday Simon and I go to choir practice, Simon and I go to choir practice, dont wedont we, Simon?, Simon?S: Thats right. It wouldnt be p

59、ossible for us to get S: Thats right. It wouldnt be possible for us to get our money back, our money back, would itwould it? ?U: Ill see what I can do. Lets go to the office, U: Ill see what I can do. Lets go to the office, shall weshall we? ?S:I thought you didnt make silly mistakes, Debbie. S:I th

60、ought you didnt make silly mistakes, Debbie. Well, you made one over the tickets, Well, you made one over the tickets, didnt youdidnt you? ? 有一些動(dòng)詞可以接兩個(gè)賓語：有一些動(dòng)詞可以接兩個(gè)賓語：直接賓語和間接賓語直接賓語和間接賓語 間接賓語間接賓語 直接賓語直接賓語My friend sent me an e-mail.The mother bought her son a teddy bear.Can you hand me your book?注意注意