第二章四級翻譯(2)

1、英語應(yīng)用文寫作課英語應(yīng)用文寫作課程程 自自20132013年年1212月起，大學(xué)英語四六級的翻譯由原單句漢譯英調(diào)整為段落漢月起，大學(xué)英語四六級的翻譯由原單句漢譯英調(diào)整為段落漢譯英。翻譯內(nèi)容涉及中國的譯英。翻譯內(nèi)容涉及中國的歷史、文化、經(jīng)濟、社會發(fā)展歷史、文化、經(jīng)濟、社會發(fā)展等。等。四級四級翻譯段翻譯段落長度為落長度為140-160140-160個漢字個漢字，六級六級翻譯段落長度為翻譯段落長度為180200180200個漢字個漢字。 翻譯所占分值比例由原來的翻譯所占分值比例由原來的5%5%調(diào)整為調(diào)整為15%15%, ,考試考試時長時長由原來的由原來的5 5分鐘調(diào)整分鐘調(diào)整為為3030分鐘分鐘。以

2、前的六級考試大綱中并未將翻譯作為一項獨立的技能進行考。以前的六級考試大綱中并未將翻譯作為一項獨立的技能進行考核，翻譯部分主要考核學(xué)生運用正確的詞匯和語法結(jié)構(gòu)的能力。而現(xiàn)在由核，翻譯部分主要考核學(xué)生運用正確的詞匯和語法結(jié)構(gòu)的能力。而現(xiàn)在由單句漢譯英改為段落漢譯英，顯然提高了對翻譯能力的要求，從對單句漢譯英改為段落漢譯英，顯然提高了對翻譯能力的要求，從對“點點”的考查轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷Φ目疾檗D(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷Α懊婷妗钡目疾?，這不僅要求考生有良好的詞匯和語法基礎(chǔ)，的考查，這不僅要求考生有良好的詞匯和語法基礎(chǔ)，也要求考生能夠合理拆分、組合段落信息，最終按照英語的慣用思維翻譯也要求考生能夠合理拆分、組合段落信息，最終按照英

3、語的慣用思維翻譯出整個段落，對很少練習(xí)翻譯的考生來說這道題很可出整個段落，對很少練習(xí)翻譯的考生來說這道題很可 能成為失分的地方。能成為失分的地方。 能在閱讀難度與課文相仿的書面材料時做筆記，回答問題，寫提綱和摘要，能就一定的話題，提綱，表格或圖示在半小時內(nèi)寫出不少于120詞的短文，能寫日常應(yīng)用文（信函，簡歷），內(nèi)容完整，條理清晰，文理通順。 共1題，考試時間30分鐘。要求考生寫出一篇120-180詞的短文，試卷上可能給出題目，或規(guī)定情景，或要求看圖作文，或給出段首句要求續(xù)寫；或給出關(guān)鍵詞要求寫成短文。要求能夠正確表達思想，意義連貫，無重大語法錯誤。寫作的內(nèi)容包括日常生活和一般常識。短文寫作部分

4、的目的是測試學(xué)生運用英語書面表達思想的初步能力。 能在閱讀難度與課文相仿的書面材料時做筆記，回答問題，寫提綱和摘要，能就一定的話題，提綱，表格或圖示在半小時內(nèi)寫出不少于180詞的短文，能寫日常應(yīng)用文（信函，簡歷），內(nèi)容完整，條理清晰，文理通順。 共1題，考試時間30分鐘。要求考生寫出一篇180-200詞的短文，試卷上可能給出題目，或規(guī)定情景，或要求看圖作文，或給出段首句要求續(xù)寫；或給出關(guān)鍵詞要求寫成短文。要求能夠正確表達思想，意義連貫，無重大語法錯誤。寫作的內(nèi)容包括日常生活和一般常識。短文寫作部分的目的是測試學(xué)生運用英語書面表達思想的初步能力。 主要測試學(xué)生能否把漢語意思轉(zhuǎn)用英語翻譯出來。 形

5、式：段落分值：15分鐘比例：15%長度：140-160字內(nèi)容：中國的歷史、文化、經(jīng)濟、社會發(fā)展等（1）詞匯：政治、經(jīng)濟、教育、文化 、歷史、科技等（2）常識：百科常識（3）句子結(jié)構(gòu)（簡單句+復(fù)合句+比較句+狀語從句+強調(diào)句+倒裝句）（4）翻譯技巧基本句型一基本句型一 Subject(Subject(主語主語) ) Verb(Verb(謂語謂語) ) 基本句型二基本句型二 Subject(Subject(主語主語) ) Link.V(Link.V(系動詞系動詞) ) Predicate(Predicate(表語表語) ) 基本句型三基本句型三 Subject(Subject(主語主語) ) Ve

6、rb(Verb(謂語謂語) ) Object(Object(賓語賓語) ) 基本句型四基本句型四 Subject(Subject(主語主語) )Verb(Verb(謂語謂語) ) Indirect object(Indirect object(間接賓語間接賓語) )Direct Direct object (object (直接賓語直接賓語) ) 基本句型五基本句型五 Subject(Subject(主語主語) )Verb (Verb (動詞動詞) )Object (Object (賓語賓語) )Complement(Complement(補語補語) )基本句型六基本句型六 There be

7、There be 句式句式(1)(1)元宵節(jié)的起源必定跟古代人們使用火來慶祝節(jié)日、躲避災(zāi)難有關(guān)。元宵節(jié)的起源必定跟古代人們使用火來慶祝節(jié)日、躲避災(zāi)難有關(guān)。 It is sure that the origins of Lantern Festival are related to ancient humanitys It is sure that the origins of Lantern Festival are related to ancient humanitys use of fire to celebrate festivals and avert disaster.use of

8、 fire to celebrate festivals and avert disaster.(2)(2)元宵節(jié)活動包括祭祀神靈，且是在晚上慶祝，所以很自然地，火就扮演很元宵節(jié)活動包括祭祀神靈，且是在晚上慶祝，所以很自然地，火就扮演很重要的角色。重要的角色。 Since Lantern Festival involves making offerings to the deities and is Since Lantern Festival involves making offerings to the deities and is celebrated at night, it is

9、natural that fire would play an important role.celebrated at night, it is natural that fire would play an important role.(3)(3)隨著時間的流逝，元宵節(jié)逐漸演變?yōu)榻裉斓男问?。隨著時間的流逝，元宵節(jié)逐漸演變?yōu)榻裉斓男问?。Over time, Lantern Festival gradually evolved into its present form.Over time, Lantern Festival gradually evolved into its presen

10、t form.(4)(4)東漢時期，佛教傳入中國，皇帝下令，在正月第一個滿月的晚上，必須點東漢時期，佛教傳入中國，皇帝下令，在正月第一個滿月的晚上，必須點亮燈籠敬佛，這也使元宵節(jié)更增添了一份意義。亮燈籠敬佛，這也使元宵節(jié)更增添了一份意義。When Buddhism was introduced to China during the Eastern Han Dynasty, When Buddhism was introduced to China during the Eastern Han Dynasty, the emperor decreed that on the night of

11、the full moon of the first lunar the emperor decreed that on the night of the full moon of the first lunar month, lanterns should be lit to honor Buddha, adding yet another level of month, lanterns should be lit to honor Buddha, adding yet another level of significance to Lantern Festival.significan

12、ce to Lantern Festival.(1)(1)不可否認，在整個中國歷史中，孝心一直是中國文化的重要奠基石，植根于中國人不可否認，在整個中國歷史中，孝心一直是中國文化的重要奠基石，植根于中國人的內(nèi)心中。的內(nèi)心中。 It is undeniable that throughout Chinese history, filial piety has been a major It is undeniable that throughout Chinese history, filial piety has been a major cornerstone of the Chinese c

13、ulture, and has taken its root in the hearts of the Chinese cornerstone of the Chinese culture, and has taken its root in the hearts of the Chinese people.people.(2)(2)但是，在當(dāng)今社會中，由于激烈競爭，許多人不管是自愿的還是被迫，往往會將更但是，在當(dāng)今社會中，由于激烈競爭，許多人不管是自愿的還是被迫，往往會將更多的時間用于創(chuàng)業(yè)以及攀爬社會經(jīng)濟階梯上。多的時間用于創(chuàng)業(yè)以及攀爬社會經(jīng)濟階梯上。 However, given the

14、fierce competition in society, many people, voluntarily or forcibly, However, given the fierce competition in society, many people, voluntarily or forcibly, tend to put more eergy and time to build their career and climb up the social-economic tend to put more eergy and time to build their career an

15、d climb up the social-economic ladder.ladder.(3)(3)然而，人們應(yīng)該努力在家庭和工作中保持平衡。然而，人們應(yīng)該努力在家庭和工作中保持平衡。 Nevertheless, people have to make efforts to maintain a balance between family and Nevertheless, people have to make efforts to maintain a balance between family and work.work.(4)(4)如果一個人有意愿，那么即使不能定期，但經(jīng)常探望和

16、照顧父母也是可能如果一個人有意愿，那么即使不能定期，但經(jīng)常探望和照顧父母也是可能實現(xiàn)的事。實現(xiàn)的事。Visiting frequently and taking care of parents, if not regularly, is possible if Visiting frequently and taking care of parents, if not regularly, is possible if one has the will to do so.one has the will to do so.(1)(1)在古代中國，熊貓是罕見、高貴的動物，象征一種善意。在古代中國

17、，熊貓是罕見、高貴的動物，象征一種善意。 In ancient China, panda were thought to be rare, noble creatures and a sign In ancient China, panda were thought to be rare, noble creatures and a sign of goodwill.of goodwill.(2)(2)它被認為擁有神奇的力量，可以抵御自然災(zāi)害和惡靈。它被認為擁有神奇的力量，可以抵御自然災(zāi)害和惡靈。 It was believed to have magical powers that coul

18、d ward off natural disasters It was believed to have magical powers that could ward off natural disasters and evil spirits.and evil spirits.(3)(3)在那時，若兩國交戰(zhàn)時，一方舉起畫著熊貓的旗幟，士兵們便會立即停止在那時，若兩國交戰(zhàn)時，一方舉起畫著熊貓的旗幟，士兵們便會立即停止廝殺，隨之會出現(xiàn)暫時的和平。廝殺，隨之會出現(xiàn)暫時的和平。 At that time, when an army raised a flag with an image of a p

19、anda during the At that time, when an army raised a flag with an image of a panda during the battle, they would stop the fighting immediately and a temporary peace battle, they would stop the fighting immediately and a temporary peace would ensure.would ensure.(4)(4)現(xiàn)在，熊貓仍然是和平的象征，為了表示和平關(guān)系，中國已經(jīng)向許多國家，

20、現(xiàn)在，熊貓仍然是和平的象征，為了表示和平關(guān)系，中國已經(jīng)向許多國家，比如美國、英國和法國送出多只熊貓。比如美國、英國和法國送出多只熊貓。Today, the panda is still a symbol of peace and China has given its many Today, the panda is still a symbol of peace and China has given its many pandas to many nations, such as United States, Britain and France, as a pandas to many

21、nations, such as United States, Britain and France, as a gesture of peaceful relations.gesture of peaceful relations.(1)(1)春節(jié)慶?；顒邮且荒曛凶钪匾膽c?；顒?。春節(jié)慶?；顒邮且荒曛凶钪匾膽c?；顒?。 Chinese New Year Celebration is the most important celebration of the year.Chinese New Year Celebration is the most important celebration

22、of the year.(2)(2)中國人慶祝春節(jié)的方式可能略有不同，但其愿望幾乎是相同的，他們希望中國人慶祝春節(jié)的方式可能略有不同，但其愿望幾乎是相同的，他們希望家人和朋友來年健康和幸運。家人和朋友來年健康和幸運。 Chinese people may celebrate the Chinese New Year in slightly different Chinese people may celebrate the Chinese New Year in slightly different ways but their wishes are almost the same: they

23、 want their family members ways but their wishes are almost the same: they want their family members and friends to be healthy and lucky during the next year. and friends to be healthy and lucky during the next year. (3)(3)春節(jié)的前幾天，中國的各家各戶都會打掃房屋，這個非常古老的習(xí)俗甚至春節(jié)的前幾天，中國的各家各戶都會打掃房屋，這個非常古老的習(xí)俗甚至可以追溯到幾千年前?？梢宰?/p>

24、溯到幾千年前。 Days before the New Year, Chinese families clean houses, which is a very old Days before the New Year, Chinese families clean houses, which is a very old custom dating back to thousands of years ago. custom dating back to thousands of years ago. (4)(4)灰塵在傳統(tǒng)上與灰塵在傳統(tǒng)上與“舊舊”聯(lián)系在一起，所以打掃房屋和掃除灰塵意味著辭舊

25、聯(lián)系在一起，所以打掃房屋和掃除灰塵意味著辭舊迎新。迎新。The dust is traditionally associated with “old”, so cleaning their houses and The dust is traditionally associated with “old”, so cleaning their houses and sweeping the dust mean to bid farewell to the “old” and usher in the sweeping the dust mean to bid farewell to the “

26、old” and usher in the “new”.“new”.(5)(5)人們興高采烈地做所有這些事情，希望來年好運。人們興高采烈地做所有這些事情，希望來年好運。People do all these things happily in hope of a good coming year.People do all these things happily in hope of a good coming year.(1)(1)筷子好用還是刀叉好用？筷子好用還是刀叉好用？ It is a battle that has divided East and West for centuri

27、es: Are chopsticks It is a battle that has divided East and West for centuries: Are chopsticks superior to the knife or fork?superior to the knife or fork?(2)(2)這是幾個世紀(jì)以來東西方一直有爭議的話題。而現(xiàn)在從環(huán)保的角度出發(fā)，這是幾個世紀(jì)以來東西方一直有爭議的話題。而現(xiàn)在從環(huán)保的角度出發(fā)，這場曠日持久的辯論似乎終于可以塵埃落定。這場曠日持久的辯論似乎終于可以塵埃落定。 Now the prolonged debate may final

28、ly be decided on environmental Now the prolonged debate may finally be decided on environmental grounds. grounds. (3)(3)如今中國每年要砍掉如今中國每年要砍掉20002000萬棵成熟樹木來滿足人們使用一次性筷子的習(xí)萬棵成熟樹木來滿足人們使用一次性筷子的習(xí)慣。慣。 Today, China is chopping down 20 million mature trees to feed its disposal Today, China is chopping down 20 m

29、illion mature trees to feed its disposal chopstick habit. chopstick habit. (4)(4)而中國的森林里如今已經(jīng)沒有足夠的木材來供應(yīng)這樣的需求。而中國的森林里如今已經(jīng)沒有足夠的木材來供應(yīng)這樣的需求。However, China cant find enough wood in its own forests to meet this However, China cant find enough wood in its own forests to meet this demand.demand.(5)(5)中國現(xiàn)在是世界

30、上最大的木材進口國，甚至還需要從美國進口筷子。中國現(xiàn)在是世界上最大的木材進口國，甚至還需要從美國進口筷子。China is now the worlds largest importer of wood and even imports China is now the worlds largest importer of wood and even imports chopsticks from America.chopsticks from America.(1)(1)啟動更多的國際交流項目，把中國大學(xué)生送去國外參加文化和教育交流是啟動更多的國際交流項目，把中國大學(xué)生送去國外參加文化和教育

31、交流是大勢所趨。大勢所趨。 It is inevitable to have more international exchange programs that send It is inevitable to have more international exchange programs that send students from Chinese universities abroad to engage in cultural and students from Chinese universities abroad to engage in cultural and educat

32、ional cational exchanges.(2)(2)這是中國國際化的一部分。這是中國國際化的一部分。 This is a part of Chinas internationalization. This is a part of Chinas internationalization. (3)(3)隨著全球經(jīng)濟一體化的發(fā)展，大學(xué)生需要意識到具備全球化視野的重要性。隨著全球經(jīng)濟一體化的發(fā)展，大學(xué)生需要意識到具備全球化視野的重要性。 With the increasingly integrated global economy, its sensible fo

33、r university With the increasingly integrated global economy, its sensible for university students to acquire a global view. students to acquire a global view. (4)(4)越來越多國際交流項目使得國內(nèi)的大學(xué)生有機會去體驗異國文化，盡管許越來越多國際交流項目使得國內(nèi)的大學(xué)生有機會去體驗異國文化，盡管許多學(xué)生不得不離開各自的多學(xué)生不得不離開各自的“舒適區(qū)舒適區(qū)”，但這種經(jīng)歷卻十分令人難忘。，但這種經(jīng)歷卻十分令人難忘。With more an

34、d more programs sending students abroad to get a taste of With more and more programs sending students abroad to get a taste of foreign culture, many of them have to leave their “comfort zone”, but this foreign culture, many of them have to leave their “comfort zone”, but this experience is memorabl

35、e.experience is memorable.(5)(5)與此同時，中國也從日益頻繁的思想、知識和文化交流中獲益匪淺。與此同時，中國也從日益頻繁的思想、知識和文化交流中獲益匪淺。At the same time, China is also benefiting from the increased exchange of At the same time, China is also benefiting from the increased exchange of ideas, knowledge and culture.ideas, knowledge and culture.（1

36、 1）如今，越來越多的大學(xué)生抱怨很難找到好工作。如今，越來越多的大學(xué)生抱怨很難找到好工作。 Nowadays, more and more university students complain about having Nowadays, more and more university students complain about having great difficulties in finding a good job.great difficulties in finding a good job.（2 2）造成這一現(xiàn)象的原因如下：首先，大學(xué)生把在校的大多數(shù)造成這一現(xiàn)象的原因如下：首先，大學(xué)生把在校的大多數(shù) 時間都用在時間都用在了專業(yè)學(xué)科學(xué)習(xí)上，只有當(dāng)他們開始找工作的時候，才意識到自己缺乏必要了專業(yè)學(xué)科學(xué)習(xí)上，只有當(dāng)他們開始找工作的時候，才意識到自己缺乏必要的職業(yè)培訓(xùn)。的職業(yè)培訓(xùn)。The reasons