《現(xiàn)代查帳手冊》 (2)ppt課件

1、lRisk averse given Banks high gearing and thin marginl傾向低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，由于銀行高負(fù)債和低利息差lProper goals and measures with controlsl適當(dāng)?shù)哪康暮痛胧┘翱刂苐The Line takes primary (or joint) responsibility of the credit decisionsl 前線部門對貸款決議負(fù)主要或共同責(zé)任lBurden of proof on the Linel 證明應(yīng)貸款責(zé)任在于前線部門lNever feel embarrassed to ask “dumb ques

2、tionsl 不用擔(dān)憂問“愚笨的問題Prerequisite:先決條件先決條件Senior managements support (positive intervention?)高層管理的支持積極干涉？高層管理的支持積極干涉？People (technical capability, integrity and inter-personal skills)人員技術(shù)才干、人格和人際交往才干人員技術(shù)才干、人格和人際交往才干Organization and System組織及系統(tǒng)組織及系統(tǒng) Attribute:特征特征Independent 獨(dú)立性獨(dú)立性No bottom-line respons

3、ibility 沒有盈利責(zé)任沒有盈利責(zé)任Professional 專業(yè)性專業(yè)性Firm and fair 堅(jiān)決和公正堅(jiān)決和公正Board of Directors董事會董事會行政總裁總部行政總裁總部GHQCEOAPHCEO行政總裁亞太區(qū)行政總裁亞太區(qū)AMHGM總經(jīng)理總經(jīng)理香港及中國大陸香港及中國大陸Line前線部門前線部門信貸總經(jīng)理信貸總經(jīng)理GM CreditCCO首席信貸官首席信貸官HD Credit 信貸部門主管信貸部門主管Concurrence認(rèn)同認(rèn)同Approval 審批審批Approval審批審批Approval審批審批Country Risk/Bank Risk國家風(fēng)險(xiǎn)國家風(fēng)險(xiǎn)/銀

4、行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)銀行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)Market Risk/Credit Risk市場風(fēng)險(xiǎn)市場風(fēng)險(xiǎn)/信譽(yù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)信譽(yù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)Market Risk/Credit Risk市場風(fēng)險(xiǎn)市場風(fēng)險(xiǎn)/信譽(yù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)信譽(yù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)Credit信譽(yù)信譽(yù)lCentralized vs Decentralized集權(quán)集權(quán)/分權(quán)分權(quán)l(xiāng)Individual vs Committee (composition and decision making process)個(gè)人個(gè)人/委員會債務(wù)組成及決策過程委員會債務(wù)組成及決策過程l lFactors to consider: 需求思索的要素需求思索的要素l lIndividual / Collective Decis

5、ion / Responsibilityl個(gè)人個(gè)人/集體決策集體決策/責(zé)任責(zé)任lSenior managements trust 高層管理的信任高層管理的信任lQuality of staff (at centre and in the line) 員工的素質(zhì)員工的素質(zhì) 管理人員管理人員和一線職員和一線職員lSpecialization of staff 員工專業(yè)化員工專業(yè)化lEffectiveness of internal control system 內(nèi)部控制系統(tǒng)的效果內(nèi)部控制系統(tǒng)的效果lQuality of service (e.g. turnaround time) 效力的質(zhì)量例如：

6、報(bào)廢效力的質(zhì)量例如：報(bào)廢工程時(shí)間工程時(shí)間lOthers (fraud prevention etc.) 其他防備欺詐等其他防備欺詐等Policy/政策Approval審批Risk Monitoring風(fēng)險(xiǎn)監(jiān)視Recovery追償Head of CRM信貸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理部Loans貸款Unhealthy loans不良貸款Review回想Review回想lKey business objectives 主要業(yè)務(wù)目的主要業(yè)務(wù)目的lStructure and Responsibility 構(gòu)造及職責(zé)構(gòu)造及職責(zé)lEconomic Outlook 經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)期經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)期lSectoral Analysis 行業(yè)分析

7、行業(yè)分析lBusiness Strategy and Focus 業(yè)務(wù)戰(zhàn)略和重點(diǎn)業(yè)務(wù)戰(zhàn)略和重點(diǎn)lRisk Assessment and Credit Appetite 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評價(jià)和信貸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評價(jià)和信貸偏好偏好lLending Guidelines 貸款指南貸款指南lCredit Products, Procedures and Advice 信貸產(chǎn)品、程信貸產(chǎn)品、程序和建議序和建議 lMarket positioning and risk appetite 市場定位和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)偏好市場定位和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)偏好l Return l 報(bào)答報(bào)答ll l lPrivate Bank Commercial BankSubp

8、rime Lenderl l 私人銀行私人銀行 商業(yè)銀行商業(yè)銀行 次級貸款人次級貸款人 l-Large corporate 大型企業(yè)大型企業(yè)l-Middle market 中端市場中端市場l-Small business 小型企業(yè)小型企業(yè)l-Consumer 消費(fèi)者消費(fèi)者l l Risk 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)lCorporate Banking - Large corporate - Judgemental (plus Rating, KMV, MRA)l 公司金融-大型公司-客觀判別加評分，KMV, MRA)l lCommercial Banking Medium sized corporate Jud

9、gemental 公司金融-中型企業(yè)-客觀判別l lBusiness Banking Small business Scoringl 商務(wù)理財(cái)-小型企業(yè)-評分l湖南駕校一點(diǎn)通 jxedt365/hunan/ 駕校一點(diǎn)通365網(wǎng)l Delinquency Rates, All Banks, SA (USA)貸款不良率貸款不良率 美國一切銀行美國一切銀行 0246810121491Q191Q392Q192Q393Q193Q394Q194Q395Q195Q396Q196Q397Q197Q398Q198Q399Q199Q300Q100Q301Q101Q3Residential *住房貸款Commerc

10、ial *商業(yè)房地產(chǎn)貸款C&I Loans工商貸款Total Loans & Leases貸款和租賃總額%Charge-Off Rates, All Banks, SA (USA)沖銷率沖銷率 一切銀行一切銀行 美國美國0.00.51.01.52.02.53.091Q191Q392Q192Q393Q193Q394Q194Q395Q195Q396Q196Q397Q197Q398Q198Q399Q199Q300Q100Q301Q101Q3Commercial *商業(yè)房地產(chǎn)貸款C&I Loans工商貸款Total Loans & Leases貸款及租賃總額%Residential *住房貸款Loan

11、 Quality in HK香港地域貸款質(zhì)量香港地域貸款質(zhì)量-10%-5%0%5%10%15%20%NPL % 不良貸款比例Credit card charge-off ratio (annualised)年信譽(yù)卡沖銷比例Mortgage Delinquency Rate住房貸款不良率Real GDP (year on year % change)年實(shí)踐GDP變化率Corporate and Commercial Banking 公司金融公司金融 大型和中大型和中型企業(yè)型企業(yè)Operating Risks運(yùn)營風(fēng)險(xiǎn)運(yùn)營風(fēng)險(xiǎn) Borrower Grade 借款人評級借款人評級Financial R

12、isks (including Projection)(PD) 財(cái)務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)財(cái)務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)包括財(cái)務(wù)預(yù)測違約機(jī)率包括財(cái)務(wù)預(yù)測違約機(jī)率Account Conduct 來往情況來往情況 Security and Facility Structure抵押品、貸款構(gòu)造及評級抵押品、貸款構(gòu)造及評級Facility Grade 設(shè)備評級設(shè)備評級(Property + Marketable Securities) 財(cái)富和可買賣的證財(cái)富和可買賣的證券券 lMore vulnerable to economic downturn 易受經(jīng)濟(jì)下滑易受經(jīng)濟(jì)下滑的影響的影響lInformation problematic (low

13、 financial transparency and reliability) 信息問題財(cái)務(wù)信息透明度及可信度信息問題財(cái)務(wù)信息透明度及可信度不高不高lHigh operating risks (relatively weak in management skills) 高運(yùn)營風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較弱的管理才干高運(yùn)營風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較弱的管理才干lCharacteristics of the Scorecard 記分卡的特征記分卡的特征lCompanys financials 公司財(cái)務(wù)情況公司財(cái)務(wù)情況lCompanys credit history and behavior 公司信譽(yù)歷史公司信譽(yù)歷史和表現(xiàn)和表現(xiàn)lComp

14、anys attributes (age, sector, size etc) 公司性質(zhì)公司性質(zhì)成立時(shí)間的長短、所屬行業(yè)、規(guī)模等成立時(shí)間的長短、所屬行業(yè)、規(guī)模等lOwners scores 公司一切者的評分公司一切者的評分Criteria Based Lending 根據(jù)準(zhǔn)那么所進(jìn)展的信貸根據(jù)準(zhǔn)那么所進(jìn)展的信貸More commonly for secured products, e.g. mortgage, car loans, HP and loans secured by liquid assets 多用于擔(dān)保產(chǎn)品，例如：住房貸款、汽車貸款、租賃及多用于擔(dān)保產(chǎn)品，例如：住房貸款、汽車貸款

15、、租賃及用流動(dòng)資產(chǎn)擔(dān)保的貸款用流動(dòng)資產(chǎn)擔(dān)保的貸款Security coverage 抵押品抵押品/貸款貸款 比例比例Income coverage 收入收入/還款還款 比例比例 湖北駕校一點(diǎn)通湖北駕校一點(diǎn)通 jxedt365/hubei/ 駕校一點(diǎn)通駕校一點(diǎn)通365網(wǎng)網(wǎng)lManagement Information 管理信息管理信息l(CPAN, IBIS, REMIND, SCOPE, etc)lGrade classification / migrationl評級分類評級分類/變動(dòng)情況變動(dòng)情況lScore distribution / flow ratel分值分布分值分布/流動(dòng)率流動(dòng)率Fe

16、edback 回饋回饋 - lessons learnt - Credit Alert (early warning signs), training course- 汲取教訓(xùn)汲取教訓(xùn) 每月簡訊預(yù)警信號、培訓(xùn)課程每月簡訊預(yù)警信號、培訓(xùn)課程- loophole - change in credit policy or procedures, management information- 破綻破綻 - 信譽(yù)政策或程序的改動(dòng)，管理信息信譽(yù)政策或程序的改動(dòng)，管理信息 - cross-stream application and experience sharing PFS & CIB e.g. concept of restructuring, receivership- 跨部門運(yùn)用及閱歷分享跨部門運(yùn)用及閱歷分享 個(gè)人信貸和商業(yè)信貸個(gè)人信貸和商業(yè)信貸 - 例如：例如：債務(wù)重組和資產(chǎn)接納的概念債務(wù)重組和資產(chǎn)接納的概念Human Resources人力資源人力資源- specialized skills understanding of legal system, able to face and handle confrontation, negotiation, le