第一部分 字母復習注意的問題：字母的讀音；大、小【精品-】

1、第一局部字母復習注意的問題：、字母的讀音；、大、小寫字母的書寫；、字母表的順序；、字母在單詞中的一般讀音；、哪些字母含有共同的音素。、按字母表順序默寫英語字母大、小寫，并在元音字母下劃線。、寫出英語五個元音字母大、小寫。、寫出所給的字母含有相同元音音素的字母。B _ _ _ _ _ _ _2) F _ _ _ _ _ _3) A _ _ _4) Q _5) I _ 6) O 7) R4、按字母表順序寫出相鄰的字母：1)_ B_, _ G_, _ I_, _ L_, _ Q_, _ V_2)_ b_, _ p_, _i_, _e_, _r_, _u_, _y_, _ f_, _ m_, _s_,

2、 _ j_第二局部詞匯復習注意的問題：、注意詞的音讀音、形拼寫、義意思和用法；、英語有十大詞類。一冠詞(a, an,the)用在名詞的前面幫助說明所指人或物。復習注意的問題：、掌握冠詞a,an,the的一般用法：冠詞用在名詞前，一般泛指“某一個、一類時用a或an,當名詞第一個音是元音發(fā)音時冠詞用an，而當名詞第一個音是輔音發(fā)音時冠詞用a:一般在特指某一個、一些東西時，冠詞用the;序數(shù)詞前常用定冠詞the，如：the first day, the tenth boy;有些名詞前常 用the,“玩樂器，樂器前用the, 如：play the piano鋼琴；表示“打球不用冠詞，如：play ba

3、sketball, play football, play pingpong;世界上唯一有的東西，如sun太陽，moon月亮，earth地球前加the。填入a, an, the：1._ eraser 2._ farmer3._ Chinese book 4.in _ sky5._ big fish 6._ old horse7._ elephant 8._ hour9._ moon 10._ easy thing11.Mr lee is _ old man.12.There are some pictures on _ wall. _ first from the left is mine.1

4、3.You can see _ sun in _ sky.14.My brother is _ teacher.15.Were going to play _ basketball tomorrow.16.He is good at playing _ piano.17.I have _ football. Would you like to play _ football with me?18.Do you take _ exercise _ every day?19.I have _ ticket. Its from my uncle.20.May I watch _ TV?21.Turn

5、 right at _ third crossing. The school is on _ left.22.Please read _ fifth lesson.23.Is there _ English book on _ desk?24._ man in white is my teacher.25.Which is your shirt, _ white one or _ old one?26.There is _ “u in the word “sun.27.There is _ “h on the blackboard.28.There is _ apple on _ desk._

6、 apple is red.29.There are sixty minutes in _ hour.30.I went to school at 6:30 _ this morning.二名詞表示人或事物的名稱。復習注意的問題：、總的來說，名詞分專有名詞和普通名詞兩類。專有名詞是個別的人、事物、地點等專有的名稱，如：Mike, China。專有名詞的第一個字母要大寫。、名詞按其所表示的事物的性質分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，可數(shù)名詞有復數(shù)形式：two apples,some cars,three pens, many watches不可數(shù)名詞沒有復數(shù)形式：some water, a lot of

7、 bread, much paper 一些表示物質的不可數(shù)名詞的量常用下面的方法來表示： a glass of water, two cups of tea, some bottles of orange3、名詞單、復數(shù) 可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復數(shù)兩種形式，名詞復數(shù)的構成的規(guī)那么是： 1)直接加s , 如：penpens 2)以s, x, ch, sh結尾的詞，加es, 如：busbuses boxboxes watchwatches 局部以o結尾的詞，加es,如：potatopotatoes tomato-tomatoes 3)以輔音+y結尾的詞，把y改為i 再加es, 如：familyfamil

8、ies factoryfactories citycities ladyladies 4)以 f 或 fe 結尾的詞，改為ves, 如：knifeknives lifelives 5)特殊形式： sheepsheep manmen childchildren toothteeth footfeet ChineseChinese EnglishEnglish Japanese-Japanese 名詞復數(shù)發(fā)音規(guī)那么： 1.s 在清輔音后發(fā) /s/, 在濁輔音和元音后發(fā) /z/; 2. es在元音后發(fā)/z/,其余發(fā)/iz/; 3. ies發(fā)/iz/ 4. ves發(fā) /vz/不可數(shù)名詞，如： wate

9、r rice congee milk bread food money coffee fish hair ink chicken beef pork meat tea snow rain wind paper grass news、名詞的所有格單數(shù)名詞的所有格構成方法是在詞尾加s,如：Kates bedroom, my fathers hat, their teachers books)以s結尾的復數(shù)名詞所有格的構成方法是在單數(shù)詞尾加s，如：the teachers room, the workers families)不以s結尾的復數(shù)名詞所有格的構成方法是在詞尾加s，如：mens cloth

10、es, childrens toys、專有名詞每一個的開頭一般用大寫，如：China, Chinese, Sydney, Japanese, No. 1 Middle School, England一、寫出下面名詞的復數(shù)形式：1.coat 2.people 3.city 4.watch 5.bus 6.family 7.man 8.factory 9.knife 10.child 11.lady 12. class 13.boy 14.baby 15.fish 16. box 17. foot 18.sheep 19.policeman 20.country 21.woman 22.glass

11、 23.milk 24.Chinese 25.life二、把下面的詞組譯成英語：1、一盒雞蛋 2、許多瓶橙汁3、三玻璃杯牛奶 4、四張白紙5、兩盤魚 6、十三瓶水7、二片面包 8、五杯茶9、八公斤牛肉 10、十九袋米根據(jù)提示用適當?shù)拿~形式填空：1.I have two _ ( knife).2.Theres some _ (water) in the bottle.3.I can see two _ (pencil-box) in the desk.4.Would you like some _ (meat)?5.May I have a cup of _ (tea)?6.The USA a

12、nd the UK are two _ (country).7.She is washing her _ (clothes).8.How many _ ( people) are there in your family?9.He cant catch any _ (fish).10.Those _ (woman) are from Canada.11.I have ten _ of _ (box,apple).12.They like _(green tea).13.Can he speak _ (English)?14.Tom and Jim are in the same _ (clas

13、s).15.They are in the different _ (class).三形容詞用來修飾名詞，表示人或事物的特征。大多數(shù)形容詞有三個等級：原級，即原形。表示“與一樣。asas比較級，表示“較或“更一些的意思。(erthan或morethan)最高級，表示“最的意思。(the est或the most )寫出以下形容詞的變換詞：1.strong(比較級)2.more(最高級)3.good(最高級)4.delicious(比較級)5.beautiful(最高級)6.better(原形)7.hot (最高級8.heavy(比較級)9.sad(比較級)10.careful(最高級)Mode

14、l:talltallertallest 1.big 2.good 3.new 4.afraid 5.cold 6.many/much 7.warm 8.expensive 9.busy 10.fine 11.fast 12.strong 13.young 14.early 15.sad 16.easy 17.hungry 18.angry 19.heavy 20.happy 21.nice 22.beautiful 23.delicious 24.hot 25.clean 26.light 27.small 28.thin 29.thick 30.huge 31.sunny 32.rainy

15、33.windy 34.cloudy 35.dirty 36.cool 37.wet 38.dry 39.tidy 40. messy 41.loud 42.slow 43.tasty 44.yucky 45.spicy 46.snowy 47.sick 48.long 49.great 50.near 51.clear 52.old 53.cheap 54.short 55.far 56.scared 57.excited 58.tired 59.upset 60.late 61.healthy 62.enough 63.dangerous 64.bad Model:talltallerta

16、llest 1.bigbigger-biggest 2.goodbetterbest 3.newnewer-newest 4.afraidmore afraidmost afraid 5.coldcolder-coldest 6.many/muchmore-most 7.warmwarmer-warmest 8.expensivemore expensivemost expensive 9.busybusier-busiest 10.finefiner-finest 11.fastfaster-fastest 12.strongstrongerstrongest 13.youngyounger

17、youngest 14.earlyearlierearliest 15.sadsadder-saddest 16.easyeasier-easiest17.hungryhungrierhungriest 18.angryangrier-angriest 19.heavyheavierheaviest 20.happyhappierhappiest 21.nicenicernicest 22.beautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful 23.deliciousmore deliciousmost delicious 24.hothotterhottest 25.c

18、leancleaner-cleanest 26.lightlighterlightest 27.smallsmallersmallest 28.thinthinner-thinnest 29.thickthickerthickest 30.hugehugerhugest31.sunnysunniersunniest 32.rainyrainierrainiest 33.windywindierwindiest 34.cloudycloudiercloudiest 35.dirtydirtier-dirtiest 36.coolcooler-coolest 37.wetwetter-wettes

19、t 38.drydrier-driest 39.tidytidier-tidiest 40. messymessier-messiest 41.loudlouder-loudest 42.slowslower-slowest 43.tastytastier-tastiest 44.yuckyyuckier-yuckiest45.spicyspicier-spiciest 46.snowysnowiersnowiest 47.sicksicker-sickest 48.longlongerlongest 49.greatgreatergreatest 50.nearnearernearest 5

20、1.clearclearerclearest 52.oldolder/ elderoldest/ eldest 53.cheapcheapercheapest 54.shortshortershortest 55.farfarther/ furtherfarthest/ furthest 56.scaredmore scaredmost scared 57.excitedmore excitedmost excited 58.tiredmore tiredmost tired59.upsetmore upsetmost upset 60.latelater-latest 61.healthym

21、ore healthymost healthy 62.enoughmore enoughmost enough 63.dangerousmore dangerousmost dangerous 64.badworseworst 寫出以下形容詞的反義詞： 1.big 2.good 3.new 4.cold 5.warm 6.expensive 7.fast 8.young 9.early 10.sad 11.easy 12.hungry 13.heavy 14.beautiful 15.delicious 16.clean 17.thin 18.wet 19.tidy 20.tasty 21.l

22、ong 22.near 23.healthy 寫出以下形容詞的反義詞： 1.bigsmall 2.goodbad 3.newold 4.coldhot 5.warmcool 6.expensivecheap 7.fastslow 8.youngold 9.earlylate 10.sadhappy 11.easyhard 12.hungryfull 13.heavylight 14.beautifulugly 15.deliciousyucky 16.cleandirty 17.thinthick 18.wetdry 19.tidymessy 20.tastyyucky 21.longshor

23、t 22.nearfar 23.healthyunhealthy 1.Betty is _ (young) than Lucy.2.Is Li Lei as _(tall) as Liu Dong?3.Tom is _(good) student in our class.4.My cousin isnt _(short) in his family.5.Our city is _(beautiful) than before.6.Which box is _(heavy), the red one or the blue one?7.Were you _(hungry) yesterday?

24、8. The red hat is _(big) of all.9.Lucy is _(happy) in his family.10.The moon cake is_(delicious) than that cake.1.This box isnt heavy. Its_.2.The pigs arent thin. Theyre_.3.Is your classroom clean or _?4.His father isnt tall. Hes_.5.Is this an_ box or a full box?四數(shù)詞表示數(shù)量和順序。分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞。復習注意的問題：、基數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目

25、，注意表示“十幾，除了eleven, twelve其他用- teen結尾；注意表示幾十“用 -ty結尾。、序數(shù)詞表示順序：注意表示“第幾時，除了first, second, third 其他用th結尾。但注意fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth 的拼寫,序數(shù)詞前必須加the。、百位數(shù)的讀法，如：105 one hundred and five217 two hundred and seventeen560 five hundred and sixtyone two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve

26、 thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty twenty-one thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety one hundredfirst second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth eleventh twelfth thirteenth fourteenth fifteenth sixteenth seventeenth eighteenth nineteenth twe

27、ntieth twenty-first thirtieth thirty-ninth fortieth fiftieth sixtieth seventieth eightieth ninetieth hundredth 選擇適當?shù)臄?shù)詞填空：1.There are _(four, fourth) pictures on the wall.2.This is the _(one, first) house in the street.3.I have got _(eleven, eleventh) American stamps.4.Jim is Mr Kings _(one, first) c

28、hild.5.Its _(five, fifth) oclock now.6.I think he is _(ten, tenth) years old.7.Whats nine and three? Its _(eleven, twelve).8.Two hundred and three hundred is _(six hundred, five hundred).五介詞at (在) in(在里面to(到on(在上under(在下面after(在以后before(在以前from(從來 by(乘of(的 above(在上面below(低于behind(在后面front(前面 in fron

29、t of(在前面near(接近next to(在旁邊) back(回原處) during(在期間 with(和、用 over(超過、結束 like(同一樣 over there(在那邊1.Jim was born _ February 18,1981.A.in B.on C.at D.of2.We stay _ home _ Sundays.A.in, on B.at, at C.for, on D.at,on3.You can buy thing in the shop _ nine _ the evening.A.at,in B.in,at C.before, in D.at, on4.M

30、id-Autumn Day usually comes _ September or October.A.in B.on C.at D.for5.We like swimming in rivers and lakes _ summer.A.on B.to C.in D.at6.The students will go home _ school.A.after B.over C.behind D.at7.There will be snow _ night.A.at B.to C.in D.for8.Spring is the best season _ the year.A.of B.in

31、 C.on D.for9.At night, we often stay _ home. A.in B.at C.to D.of10.Look! Some students are playing _ the playground. A.in B.at C.on D.of11.The teacher has the students names _ a piece _ paper. A.on,of B.in,off C.at,of D.on,for 12.There are many apples _ that tree. A.in B.at C.of D.on13.There is a bi

32、rd _ the tree. A.on B.up C.at D.in14._ the hill there are many young trees. A.In B.On C.Over D.Of15.There is a map of China _ the wall. A.on B.in C.at D.of16.There is a window _ the wall. A.on B.in C.at D.of17.They are _ different classes.A.at B.in C.on D.to18.“Is Wei Hua _ school today? “No, I thin

33、k shes _ home. A.in,in B.in,at C.at,in D.at,at 19.Please open your books _ Page 8. A.in B.at C.on D.to 20.We have a lot of friends _ the world. A.in B.on C.to D.at21.Lucy and lily were born _ America. A.at B.to C.of D.in 22.We can see the station _ the window. A.for B.from C.to D.in 23.Please turn _

34、 the radio. I want to listen _ this song. A.to,to B.off,at C.on,to D.in,to24.Dont worry _ your father. A.with B.for C.about D.on25.Im doing my homework. Please turn _ the radio. A.on B.off C.to D.over26.Will you look _ my mother for me. A.for B.of C.at D.after27.My father bought a new book _ me. A.t

35、o B.for C.of D.on28.Jim often helps me _ my English. A.in B.on C.about D.with29.The hat looks _ a cat. A.at B.for C.up D.like30.Dont forget to turn _ the light(燈)when you leave the room. A.of B.in C.off D.on31.Can you write letters _ English. A.with B.in C.by D.use(用)32.The basket is full _ things.

36、A.about B.of C.with D.by33.Put _ your coat,boy. Its cold outside(外面). A.on B.of C.down D.in34._ the beginning _ the race, Tom ran the fastest. A.At,of B.In,to C.For,on D.To,of35.Its time _ class.A.to B.for C.in D.at36.Summer comes _ spring. A.before B.after C.front D.behind37.I had bread and milk _

37、breakfast today. A.in B.on C.for D.of38.Whats this _ English? A.in B.on C.for D.of39.The woman _ red is our English teacher. A.on B.under C.up D.in40._ her way to school, she bought some food for supper. A.To B.For C.On D.At41.Welcome back _ our school. A.for B.at C.in D.to42.Im going to give our En

38、glish teacher a card _ Teachers Day. A.to B.on C.for D.of43.Whats the weather _ in Zhongshan? A.for B.on C.like D.of44.Whos _ duty today? A.at B.on C.in D.for45.“Where are you going? “Im going to the library.What _ you. A.about B.on C.to D.at46.Whats wrong _ your bike? A.on B.about C.in D.with47.All

39、 of us are good _ English. A.for B.on C.in D.at48.Theres something wrong _ my watch. A.to B.on C.with D.of 49.Can you say “蘋果_ English? Write the word out _ the pen. A.in,with B.with,in C.in,in D.with,with 50.Tom watched TV _ his parents last night. A.to B.at C.with D.on六代詞通常用來指代名詞或名詞詞組的詞。人稱代詞人稱單數(shù)復數(shù)

40、主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱I(我）me(我）we(我們）us(我們）第二人稱you(你）you(你）you(你們)you(你們)第三人稱he(他)she(她)it(它)him(他)her(她)it(它)they他(她,它)們them 他(她,它)們物主代詞 詞義類型我的你的他(她，它)的我們的你們的他們的形容詞性物主代詞myyour his her itsouryourtheir名詞性物主代詞mineyourshis hers its oursyourstheirs反身代詞單數(shù) myself yourself himself herself itself 復數(shù) ourselves yoursel

41、ves themselves(4)不定代詞 someany many- much somethinganything- nothing1._ hat is in the desk. A.My B.He C.Mine D.Hers2.She is a teacher. _ name is Gao Hui. A.Its B.Her C.Hers D.His3.Its a bird. I dont know _ name. A.its B.its C.it D.its4.Can I borrow _ knife? A.your B.you C.my D.me5.He bought a knife o

42、n _ way home. A.her B.his C.him D.hers6.Rice is _ favourite.A.we B.us C.ours D.our7.The black shoes are _. A.they B.their C.them D.theirs8.Lucy has a book like this one. I think it is _. A.hers B.him C.his D.her9.Kate, is this your ruler? “Yes, its _. A.my B.mine C.me D.mine ruler10.Their English te

43、acher is a woman and _ is a man. A.our B.us C.we D.ours11.My name is Meimei. Whats _? A.you B.your C.yours D.yours12.A friend of _ will be here. A.my B.his C.her D.him13.My room is bigger than _. A.her B.hers C.she D.him14.Can you give it to _ tomorrow? A.she B.her C.his D.hers15.Help _, Mr Chen sai

44、d to the children.A.you B.yours C.yourself D.yourselves16.Would you like _ milk? A.some B.one C.a D.any 17.Do you have _ water? A.a B.the C.some D.any 18.Were very busy because we have so _ books to read and so _ homework to do every day. A.much,many B.many,much C.many, a lot D.a lot, much19.Can I h

45、ave _ meat? Sorry, you cant have _ meat? A.any,any B.some,any C.some,some D.any,much20.Are _ in the pencil-box? A.the thing B.all the thing C.all the things D.all thing 21.“Is there _ in the classroom? “No, _ is in. A.somebody,anybody B.anybody,everybody C.anybody,nobody D.nobody,somebody22.There is

46、nt _ wrong with the bike. A.something B.somebody C.anything D.everything 23.Would you like _ to drink, Tim? No, thanks. A.something B.nothing C.anything D.everything七動詞表示動作或狀態(tài)的詞。復習注意的問題：、動詞時態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時：一般現(xiàn)在時表示平常的狀態(tài)、習慣的動作和經(jīng)常性的動作。一般現(xiàn)在時當主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，動詞的幾種變化：一般在詞尾加-s，如：help-helps, work-works , get-gets2)以字母s,

47、 x, sh, ch, 或o結尾的動詞，在詞尾加-es，如：watch-watches, teach-teaches, go-goes, do-does, wash-washes 3)以輔音字母加y結尾的動詞，把y改為i再加-es, 如：study-studies, fly-flies, carry-carries, cry-cries4)不規(guī)那么變化的動詞有：have-has現(xiàn)在進行時：現(xiàn)在進行時用來表示現(xiàn)在進行或發(fā)生的動作。動詞-ing形式構成的規(guī)那么是：一般動詞加-ing,如： work-working, play-playing, sing-singing2)以不發(fā)音字母e結尾的動詞，

48、先去掉e，再加-ing,如：come-coming, write-writingclose-closing, leave-leaving3)以重讀閉音節(jié)結尾的動詞，如詞尾只有一個輔音字母，要先雙寫這個字母，再加-ing，如：get-getting, put-putting, sit-sitting, run-running, swim-swimming, cut-cutting begin-beginning shop-shopping, stop-stopping(3)一般過去時一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。動詞一般過去式的構成規(guī)那么是：一般在詞尾加-ed,如：look-

49、looked, play-played, visit-visited, help-helped2)結尾是e的動詞加-d,如：live-lived, close-closed like-liked, hope-hoped3)末尾只有一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加-ed,如：stop-stopped, 4)結尾是“輔音+y的動詞，先變“y為“i再加-ed,如：study-studied, carry-carried5)不規(guī)那么動詞： am/is-was, are-were, begin-began, build-built,buy-bought, can-could, com

50、e-came, cut-cutdo-did, drink-drank, fly-flew, forget-forgot, get-got, give-gave, go-went, grow-grew, have/has-had, keep-kept, leave-left, make-made, meet-met, put-put, read-read, run-ran, say-said, sing-sang, sit-sat, swim-swam, take-took, tell-told, write-wrote (4)一般將來時一般將來時表示將要或未來會發(fā)生的情況或動作。時態(tài)結構及提示

51、詞：一般現(xiàn)在時用動詞原形，但第三人稱單數(shù)后要加詞尾-s。提示詞：every day(week, month,year) , sometimes, often, always(總是, usually和一些特殊的詞：like, love, want2)現(xiàn)在進行時be(am,is,are) + Ving提示詞：now, listen ,look3)一般過去時用動詞的過去式。提示詞：last night (week, month, year), yesterday, the day before yesterday, ago,4)一般將來時be going to + 動詞原形will +動詞原形提示詞

52、：tomorrow, the day after tomorrow,next week (month,year) 按要求寫出以下動詞的不同形式：Model:play-plays-playing-played 1.do 2.go. 3.write 4 e 5.put 6.study 7.stay 8.get 9.carry 10.sing 11.watch 12.begin 13.swim 14.see 15.run 16.say 17.have 18.make 19.fly 20.give 21.buy 22.ask 23.live 24.take 25.sit 26.close 27.was

53、h 28.cry 29.cut 30.learn1.Jim often _ TV at home in the evening. A.watch B.watches C.watched D.watching 2._ your father usually _ on Sundays? “Yes, he does. A.Do,work B.Does,work C.Did,works D.Is,working3.Sometimes my parents _ back home late. They dont have supper at home. A es B.came C e D.is comi

54、ng 4.Tom _ his homework after breakfast. A.dont B.doesnt C.dont do D.doesnt do5._ your parents in Shanghai last year? A.Is B.Are C.Was D.Were6.Lucy _ a letter to her mother three days ago. A.wrote B.writes C.write D.is writing7.He _ with us yesterday morning. A.doesnt go swimming B.goes swimming C.d

55、idnt go swimming D.Went to swimming8.There _ a basketball match in our school the day after tomorrow. A.will be B.will have C.is going to have D.would be9._ you _ us a talk(演講this afternoon? A.Are,giving B.Are,gave C.Will,give D.Were,going to give 10.Look! Li Lei _ Jim with his Chinese. A.is helping

56、 B.helped C.is going to help D.helps11.The students of Class 3 _ a football game now. A.are having B.will have C.is having D.will be had 12.My mother _ breakfast when I _ my face every morning. A.cooks,am washing B.is cooking, am washing C.cooked, washed D.will cook, washes13. Last month, they _ the

57、 train to Beijing.A.took B.takes C.take D.taking 14. May I _ football now?A.am playing B.play C.am going to play D.played15. I _ a doctor when I grow up.A.am B.will C.will be D.wasBe( am, is, are, was, were)的用法：1.Tom:Yesterday _ Jims birthday. There _ a birthday party at his house. Mary: _ you at th

58、e party yesterday? Tom: Yes, I _. Mary: How many people _ there at the party? Tom: There _ five boys and four girls. Mary: _ Li Lei at the party? Tom: Yes, he _, but he _ late. 2.I _ watching TV now. My brother _ flying a kite. 3.Betty _ tall now, but two years ago she _ short. 4.What _ you going to

59、 do? We _ going to go to the park. 5.They _ in Guangzhou last summer. 6.I _ going to make the cake myself.7._ your English teacher here an hour ago.8.I _ in England last week.9.Today _ Monday. 10.What _ the weather like yesterday? 11.Where _ you born?12.Tom and I _ at a meeting a minute ago.13.The f

60、armers _ in a supermarket now.14.I_ watching TV in the room.15._ your brother in Grade 5 a year ago?t%t%t%t&u&u&u&v*v*v*v*w(w(w(w)x)x)x)y-y-y-y-z+z+z+z0A0A0A0B1B1B1B1C2C2C2C3D3D3D3D4E4E4E4F5F5F5F6G6G6G6G7H7H7H7I8I8I8I9J9J9J9JaKaKaKaLbLbLbLcMcMcMcMdNdNdNdOeOeOeOePfPfPfPgQgQgQgRhRhRhRhSiSiSiSjTjTjTjUk