漢譯英長(zhǎng)句和篇章

1、1漢譯英長(zhǎng)句翻譯的基本方法漢譯英長(zhǎng)句翻譯的基本方法2練習(xí)練習(xí)l簡(jiǎn)而言之，要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建世界一流大學(xué)，不改革不行；要搞教育改革，不轉(zhuǎn)變教育觀念不行。lIn brief, a world-class university cannot come true without reform, nor will education reform succeed without changing traditional educational concepts. 3基本方法基本方法l合并法區(qū)分主從法l正譯法和反譯法l倒置法l插入法4合并法合并法l合并法是把若干個(gè)短句合并成一個(gè)長(zhǎng)句，一般用于漢譯英。漢語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)意合，結(jié)構(gòu)

2、較松散，因此簡(jiǎn)單句較多；英語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)形合，結(jié)構(gòu)較嚴(yán)密，因此長(zhǎng)句較多。所以漢譯英時(shí)要根據(jù)需要注意利用連詞、分詞、介詞、不定式、定語(yǔ)從句、獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)等把漢語(yǔ)短句連成長(zhǎng)句l(1)根據(jù)原文各句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，在譯文的句與句之間加上連接詞語(yǔ)如and, but, with, so as to, while, for. 5Case 1l中國(guó)是個(gè)大國(guó)，百分之八十的人口從事農(nóng)業(yè)，但耕地只占土地面積的十分之一，其余為山脈、森林、城鎮(zhèn)和其他用地。 lChina is a large country with four-fifths of the population engaged in agriculture, but

3、 only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests and places for urban and other uses. 6Case 2l沒(méi)有農(nóng)業(yè)，人類便不能生存，社會(huì)生產(chǎn)也就不能繼續(xù)下去。l譯：But for agriculture, man could not exist, nor could social production proceed.l(2)原文是并列句，排比句。l我們不能出賣我們的國(guó)格，不能出賣我們的人民。 lWecanneithergiveupournationaldign

4、itynorbetrayourpeople. 7主從區(qū)分法主從區(qū)分法l漢語(yǔ)復(fù)句中往往不用關(guān)聯(lián)詞，分句之間的邏輯關(guān)系在很多情況下主要靠順序來(lái)表示，即采用所謂“意合法”。同時(shí)，漢語(yǔ)復(fù)句里接二連三出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞，從形式上看，它們都是平等的，沒(méi)有主從，偏正之分；從邏輯上分析，分句之間也有主從之分。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，凡是為主的分句即正句，用英語(yǔ)限定式動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表達(dá)；從屬的分句即偏句，用非限定式動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，介詞短語(yǔ)，或增加從屬關(guān)聯(lián)詞，或通過(guò)其他各種從句形式來(lái)處理。8Case 1l表示原因或結(jié)果的部分，一般應(yīng)從屬于表示結(jié)果的部分l他們患得患失，拒絕接受分配給他們的任務(wù)。lConsidering the gain and

5、loss, they refused to accept the jobs assigned to them.9Case 2l表示方式或狀態(tài)的部分，一般應(yīng)從屬于表示行為或動(dòng)作的部分。l其后走過(guò)三個(gè)人，都有四五十歲光景，手搖白紙扇，緩步而來(lái)。lBehind him came three men, all some forty to fifty years old， fanning themselves with white paper fans, they advanced slowly.10Case 3l表示方法和手段的部分，應(yīng)從屬于表示目的的部分l我們用自己動(dòng)手的方法，達(dá)到了豐衣足食的目的。

6、lBy using our own hands we have attained the objective of “ample food and clothing”. 11Case 4l屬于修飾或說(shuō)明關(guān)系的分句或短語(yǔ)，一般應(yīng)譯作從屬部分。l這個(gè)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，在東方歷史上是空前的，在世界歷史上也將是偉大的，全世界人民都關(guān)心這個(gè)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。lThe people of the whole world are concerned about this war,which has no precedent in the history of the East,and which will be a great w

7、ar in world history,too. 12Case 5l背景情況描述部分，一般應(yīng)從屬于結(jié)論部分l帝國(guó)主義國(guó)家對(duì)外侵略擴(kuò)張，爭(zhēng)奪世界霸權(quán)，必然走向戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。lEngaged in aggression and expansion abroad for the purpose of the world hegemony, the imperialist inevitably will go to war. 13Case 6l否定或反說(shuō)部分，一般應(yīng)從屬于肯定或正說(shuō)部分。l國(guó)際爭(zhēng)端在此基礎(chǔ)上予以解決，而不訴諸武力威脅。lInternational disputes should be sett

8、led on this basis, instead of resorting to the use of threat or force.14正譯法和反譯法正譯法和反譯法l這兩種方法通常用于漢譯英，偶爾也用于英譯漢。所謂正譯，是指把句子按照與漢語(yǔ)相同的語(yǔ)序或表達(dá)方式譯成英語(yǔ)。所謂反譯則是指把句子按照與漢語(yǔ)相反的語(yǔ)序或表達(dá)方式譯成英語(yǔ)。正譯與反譯常常具有同義的效果，但反譯往往更符合英語(yǔ)的思維方式和表達(dá)習(xí)慣。因此比較地道。 15Case 1l在美國(guó)，人人都能買(mǎi)到槍。 l譯1：In the United States, everyone can buy a gun. (正譯)l譯2：In the

9、United States, guns are available to everyone. (反譯) 16Case 2l他仍然沒(méi)有弄懂我的意思。l譯1：He still could not understand me. (正譯)l譯2：Still he failed to understand me. (反譯) 17倒置法倒置法l在漢語(yǔ)中，定語(yǔ)修飾語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)修飾語(yǔ)往往位于被修飾語(yǔ)之前；在英語(yǔ)中，許多修飾語(yǔ)常常位于被修飾語(yǔ)之后，因此翻譯時(shí)往往要把原文的語(yǔ)序顛倒過(guò)來(lái)。倒置法通常用于英譯漢, 即對(duì)英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句按照漢語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣表達(dá)法進(jìn)行前后調(diào)換，按意群或進(jìn)行全部倒置，原則是使?jié)h語(yǔ)譯句安排符合現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)論理敘事

10、的一般邏輯順序。有時(shí)倒置法也用于漢譯英。 18l我原來(lái)計(jì)劃今年二月訪問(wèn)美國(guó)，后來(lái)不得不推遲，這使我感到很掃興。l在一句較長(zhǎng)的中文后如果出現(xiàn)形容詞語(yǔ)，一般采取如下的方式：l譯：It was a keen disappointment when I had to postpone the visit which I had intended to pay to U.S. in February. l美國(guó)人以瘋狂的熱情追求富足的生活，卻又懷疑自己是否真正選中了致富的最佳捷徑，因此深受自我折磨之苦。見(jiàn)到美國(guó)人如此生活，旁觀者真是百思不得其解。lIts odd to watch with what fe

11、verish ardor the Americans pursue prosperity and how they are ever tormented by shadowy suspicion that they may not have chosen the shortest route to get it.1920插入法插入法l指把難以處理的句子成分用破折號(hào)、括號(hào)或前后逗號(hào)插入譯句中。這種方法主要用于筆譯中。偶爾也用于口譯中，即用同位語(yǔ)、插入語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)處理一些解釋性成分。 21Casel如果說(shuō)宣布收回香港就會(huì)像夫人說(shuō)的“帶來(lái)災(zāi)難性的影響”，那我們要勇敢地面對(duì)這個(gè)災(zāi)難，做出決策。 l譯

12、：If the announcement of the recovery of Hong Kong would bring about, as Madam put it, “disastrous effects,” we will face up to that disaster and make a new policy decision. (用前后逗號(hào)插入信息）l在教育質(zhì)量關(guān)上，要改變過(guò)去那種教師單向傳授知識(shí)，學(xué)生被動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)，以考試分?jǐn)?shù)作為衡量教育成果的唯一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的觀念。lAs regards the quality of education, we should change the tra

13、ditional mode of classroom teachingwith teachers elaborating all the time and students passively inputting. And so is the the concept of considering scores as sole criteria for evaluation of education.22練習(xí)（多種方法聯(lián)合使用）練習(xí)（多種方法聯(lián)合使用）l死神最終介入了他的事務(wù)，就在他尋歡作樂(lè)興致真濃之際終止了他的生命。他的追求徒勞無(wú)益，極樂(lè)的幸?？偸桥c他插肩而過(guò)。lDeath steps in

14、in the end and stops him before he has grown tired of this futile pursuit of that complete felicity which always escapes him.23l合并法l區(qū)分主從法l反譯法l倒置法l插入法24l教育思想的轉(zhuǎn)變需要我們拓寬專業(yè)面向，增強(qiáng)適應(yīng)性，按照知識(shí)、能力、智慧、素質(zhì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的要求，構(gòu)造新的人才培養(yǎng)模式，培養(yǎng)高素質(zhì)、高層次、多樣化、創(chuàng)造性的人才。lThe change of educational ideology requires us to widen the sphere of

15、specialties, enhance the adaptability, to frame a new education mode to develop comprehensive abilities of the students in such aspects as knowledge, aptitude, intelligence, and personal quality, etc., so as to construct a new mode of fostering qualified creative personnel of diversified specialties

16、 at high levels.25語(yǔ)篇或短文翻譯語(yǔ)篇或短文翻譯l經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家預(yù)測(cè)，2008年北京奧運(yùn)隊(duì)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)發(fā)展具有廣泛而深遠(yuǎn)的影響，特別是對(duì)體育、旅游、建筑、建材、通訊、商業(yè)服務(wù)等具體產(chǎn)業(yè)的影響更為直接?！皧W運(yùn)經(jīng)濟(jì)”將成為中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)新的增長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)，并創(chuàng)造出上百萬(wàn)個(gè)就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。由于奧運(yùn)的催化作用，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)在21世紀(jì)的前十年將高速發(fā)展。同時(shí)，奧運(yùn)將促進(jìn)北京環(huán)境的改善和科技水平的提高， 大大加快北京建設(shè)現(xiàn)代化大都市的步伐。261. 經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家預(yù)測(cè)，2008年北京奧運(yùn)對(duì)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)發(fā)展具有廣泛而深遠(yuǎn)的影響，特別是對(duì)體育、旅游、建筑、建材、通訊、商業(yè)服務(wù)等具體產(chǎn)業(yè)的影響更為直接。l Economic e

17、xperts have predicted that the 2008 Olympic Games will exert an extensive and far-reaching influence on Chinas economic and social development and that the influence on such specific industries as sports, tourism, constructions, building materials, communications and commercial services will be more

18、 direct. 27l“奧運(yùn)經(jīng)濟(jì)”將成為中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)新的增長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)，并創(chuàng)造出上百萬(wàn)個(gè)就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。由于奧運(yùn)的催化作用，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)在21世紀(jì)的前十年將高速發(fā)展。 Olympic economy will be a new growth factor for Chinas economy, which will create over 1 million job opportunities. Motivated by the Olympic Games, China will witness a high-speed development in its economy during the first de

19、cade of the 21st century.28l同時(shí)，奧運(yùn)將促進(jìn)北京環(huán)境的改善和科技水平的提高， 大大加快北京建設(shè)現(xiàn)代化大都市的步伐。lAt the same time, the Beijing Olympic Games will help to improve Beijings environment and enhance its scientific and technological levels and greatly speed up the pace of building Beijing into a modern international metropolis.

20、29l不怕直說(shuō)，我是相當(dāng)欣賞自己的。我承認(rèn)自己有許多不如人的地方，但也知道并不是老是這樣差勁。所以，我做了一件事，寫(xiě)了一篇文章，只要自覺(jué)還不錯(cuò)，我可以樂(lè)上幾天，遇有人贊，更是飄飄然得不像話；甚至還會(huì)忘其所以，插上幾句自夸的話。 真的，我一點(diǎn)也不謙虛。或者這就是自負(fù)吧，恐怕要給人罵了。但有什么不對(duì)呢？我也欣賞別人，只要好的東西我都欣賞。只懂得欣賞別人而忘了欣賞自己，豈不是太不公平了？ 但我們?nèi)A人總是比較謙虛，而且引以為榮。自己的太太叫拙荊，文章叫拙作，真是不可思議。30l 不怕直說(shuō)，我是相當(dāng)欣賞自己的。我承認(rèn)自己有許多不如人的地方，但也知道并不是老是這樣差勁。lFrankly, I very m

21、uch appreciate myself. Yes, I admit I am in many respects not as good as other people, but I dont think Im always no good.31l所以，我做了一件事，寫(xiě)了一篇文章，只要自覺(jué)還不錯(cuò)，我可以樂(lè)上幾天，遇有人贊，更是飄飄然得不像話；甚至還會(huì)忘其所以，插上幾句自夸的話。lWhen I find what I have done or written is okay, I will remain pleased with myself for quite a few days, and

22、, in case I receive praise for it, I will even become so swollen-headed as to add a few words to glorify myself.32l真的，我一點(diǎn)也不謙虛?；蛘哌@就是自負(fù)吧，恐怕要給人罵了。但有什么不對(duì)呢？我也欣賞別人，只要好的東西我都欣賞。只懂得欣賞別人而忘了欣賞自己，豈不是太不公平了？lTrue, Im not modest at all. People may call me conceited. But I think otherwise. I also appreciate other p

23、eople. I appreciate anything good. Isnt it unfair to forget appreciating myself while appreciating others? 33l但我們?nèi)A人總是比較謙虛，而且引以為榮。自己的太太叫拙荊，文章叫拙作，真是不可思議。lWe Chinese are generally inclined to be modest, and we take pride in being so. For example, a Chinese will call his own wife zhoujing, meaning “my h

24、umble wife”, and his own writings zhuozuo, meaning “my poor writings”. Its inconceivable. 34l興匆匆在人生路上走，走過(guò)了桃李芬芳的春天，走過(guò)了梅子青青的夏季，渾然不覺(jué)間，就邁進(jìn)了楓紅柏翠的深秋。 四十歲的女人呢？攬鏡自照，昔日光滑的額頭已見(jiàn)依稀紋路，濃密的黑發(fā)也全沒(méi)了光澤。哦，時(shí)光流逝太快，還沒(méi)有很好地一覽風(fēng)光時(shí)，怎么就已入了秋景？便覺(jué)有三分惆悵，三分無(wú)奈。 然而，思之又覺(jué)釋然。春光嫵媚多姿自然是好，夏季明朗熱烈，也讓人留戀；可秋天又有什么可傷悲的呢？秋天不是成熟的季節(jié)嗎?秋天的花紅得熱烈凝重，秋天的頁(yè)

25、綠得深沉端莊。35l興匆匆在人生路上走，走過(guò)了桃李芬芳的春天，走過(guò)了梅子青青的夏季，渾然不覺(jué)間，就邁進(jìn)了楓紅柏翠的深秋。lOn lifes journey, I had all along been in high spirits, traversing through peach-blossoming spring and plum-laden summer, until now, without awareness, I found myself inside autumn with the landscape graced by red maples and green cypress.

26、36l四十歲的女人呢？攬鏡自照，昔日光滑的額頭已見(jiàn)依稀紋路，濃密的黑發(fā)也全沒(méi)了光澤。哦，時(shí)光流逝太快，還沒(méi)有很好地一覽風(fēng)光時(shí)，怎么就已入了秋景？便覺(jué)有三分惆悵，三分無(wú)奈。lWhat became of a woman at forty? The answer came from the mirror, which showed wrinkles vaguely discernible（看得清的） on the formerly smooth forehead, and thick black hair with its gloss（光澤） gone. A touch of frustratio

27、n and helplessness came over me as I realized how time had flown. Before I could sufficiently admire the scenery and enjoy the beauties of life, it was already in autumn.37l 然而，思之又覺(jué)釋然。春光嫵媚多姿自然是好，夏季明朗熱烈，也讓人留戀；可秋天又有什么可傷悲的呢？秋天不是成熟的季節(jié)嗎?秋天的花紅得熱烈凝重，秋天的頁(yè)綠得深沉端莊。lHowever, a second thought brought me relieved calm. Spring an