高一英語(yǔ)同步精品課件：Module 1 Our Body and Healthy Habits- Grammar（外研版必修2）（ 2013高考）

1、1lie vi.(lay, lain, lying)1)躺著Ive lain awake all night long thinking of how to deal with the problem.我一夜未睡，考慮怎樣處理這個(gè)問(wèn)題。2)在處(有)She wanted to bring out all kinds of things that lay buried deep in her heart.她想把深埋心底的秘密一古腦兒地倒出來(lái)。3)位于；在處Leizhou Peninsula lies opposite Hainan Island.雷州半島正對(duì)海南島。詞語(yǔ)辨析：lie to, li

2、e in, lie on這三個(gè)短語(yǔ)都用來(lái)表示位置：lie to表示在另一邊；lie in表示位置在主語(yǔ)范圍之內(nèi)；lie on表示疆域(領(lǐng)土)的接壤。The town lies to the north of the city.這個(gè)鎮(zhèn)在城的北邊。Ninety percent of the country lies in the temperate zone.這個(gè)國(guó)家百分之九十的地方在溫帶。The biggest salt pan lies on the eastern coast of Hebei Province.最大的鹽場(chǎng)在河北省東面的海岸上。知識(shí)拓展1)lie vi. & vt.(lied

3、; lied; lying)撒謊I never thought you would lie to me.我從未想到過(guò)你會(huì)對(duì)我撒謊。2)lay v. (laid, laid, laying)表示“放，擱，下(蛋)，產(chǎn)卵。lay down 放下lay aside 放在一邊lay eggs 下蛋l(fā)ay the table for dinner 擺桌子吃飯高考直擊(2021重慶33)At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River _， one of the ten largest cities in China.A. li

4、es ChongqingB. Chongqing liesC. does lie Chongqing D. does Chongqing lie解析：考查倒裝。表示方位的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)提前，句子完全倒裝，所以選A項(xiàng)。答案：A即學(xué)即用The manager had fallen asleep where he_， without undressing.Awas layingBwas lyingChad laid Dhad lied答案：B2examine vt.1)檢查My suitcases were examined at the Customs when I entered the countr

5、y.入境時(shí)，我的提包在海關(guān)受到了檢查。2)調(diào)查The judge examined the witness in the court of law.法官在法庭上詢問(wèn)了那位證人。3)考試；常與介詞in或on連用You will be examined in French/on your knowledge of American history.你將要接受法語(yǔ)/美國(guó)歷史知識(shí)考試。詞語(yǔ)辨析：check, examine, test三者都有“檢查；審查之意，但側(cè)重點(diǎn)有所不同。1)check指為確定某事正確與否或?yàn)榕迥呈露M(jìn)行檢查，以確保正確、平安、滿意或處于良好狀態(tài)，側(cè)重指“核對(duì)。Check yo

6、ur homework before you hand it in.把你的家庭作業(yè)檢查一下然后再交。2)examine指通過(guò)仔細(xì)觀察或觀察以了解未知情況，既可用于人，也可用于物。The doctor examined the patient carefully.醫(yī)生對(duì)這位病人作了仔細(xì)的檢查。3)test指以某種手段來(lái)試一試某人或某物是否到達(dá)了一定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。Before he bought the car, he drove it to test it.他在買這輛小汽車之前先開了一下試試車。高考直擊(2021浙江)Whats that noise?Oh, I forgot to tell you.

7、 The new machine_.Awas tested Bwill be testedCis being tested Dhas been tested解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。根據(jù)所提供的情景whats that noise？可判斷出新機(jī)器正在被檢測(cè)，所以要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。答案：C即學(xué)即用Julin said she sent you a birthday card yesterday. Have you got it?Oh, really? I havent_my mailbox yet.Aexamined BreviewedCtested Dc

8、hecked答案：D3need1)作行為動(dòng)詞need作為行為動(dòng)詞有人稱和數(shù)的變化，后面可接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞及帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式；可用于肯定句、疑問(wèn)句和否認(rèn)句中。She needs help.她需要幫助。I dont need to see the doctor.我不需要看病。知識(shí)拓展sth. needs to be donesth. needs doing 某事需要被2)作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞aneed作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無(wú)人稱和數(shù)的變化，后接動(dòng)詞原形，多用于否認(rèn)句和疑問(wèn)句中。You neednt worry.你不必?fù)?dān)憂。b由need引出的一般疑問(wèn)句，肯定答復(fù)常用must和have to；否認(rèn)答語(yǔ)常用neednt

9、。Need I answer the question?我需要答復(fù)那個(gè)問(wèn)題嗎？Yes, you must./Yes, you have to.是的，你必須答復(fù)。No, you neednt.不，不必了。dneed的否認(rèn)形式與have done連用，表示過(guò)去做的事情沒有必要。注意：didnt need to do sth. 指沒必要做某事也沒有做。You neednt have told her. She has known it already.你本不必告訴她。她早就知道了。注意：didnt need to do sth. 指沒必要做某事也沒有做3)n.aU需要They are in grea

10、t need of your help.他們非常需要你的幫助。There is no need for you to go there now.你現(xiàn)在還不必去那里。bpl，根本需要；根本的必需品She finds it hard to meet the needs of the children.她發(fā)現(xiàn)很難滿足孩子們的需要。鏈接：There is no need to do sth. 沒必要干某事in need 處境困難in need of 需要高考直擊(1)(2007陜西)As a result of the serious flood, twothirds of the buildings

11、 in the area_.Aneed repairing Bneeds to repairCneeds repairing Dneed to repair解析：need, want, require做“需要講時(shí)，假設(shè)主語(yǔ)為物，賓語(yǔ)用v.ing形式，用主動(dòng)的形式表被動(dòng)的含義。答案：A(2)(2021天津9) Mark _ have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. couldnt解析：考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：邁克本來(lái)不必要那么忙的。

12、這么高速駕駛之后，他早半個(gè)小時(shí)到達(dá)了。根據(jù)后面的語(yǔ)境，提前半個(gè)小時(shí)到達(dá)，說(shuō)明Mark本來(lái)不必那么匆忙，所以用neednt have done 結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“本來(lái)不必要做某事的而實(shí)際上做了。 答案：A即學(xué)即用You_him about the urgent situation, which will make him worried.Aneednt to tell Bdont need tellCdont need to tell Dneed tell答案：C4breathe v. 呼吸Most people dont realize they are breathing polluted air

13、.大多數(shù)人沒有意識(shí)到自己正呼吸著被污染了的空氣。知識(shí)拓展breath n. 呼吸take a deep breath 深吸一口氣hold ones breath 屏住呼吸out of breath 喘不上氣take ones breath away 令人驚嘆高考直擊(2021全國(guó))I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good_.Ato be breathed Bto breatheCbreathing Dbeing breathed解析：此題題意：在夏季，我喜歡早點(diǎn)起床。呼吸早上的空氣對(duì)身體有益。本句還可以

14、轉(zhuǎn)換為：It is so good (for us)to breathe the morning air.不定式(短語(yǔ))修飾作表語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的形容詞時(shí)，通常采用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。常見的此類形容詞有easy, hard, difficult, expensive, convenient, impossible, pleasant, comfortable, nice, fit, dangerous, tough等。答案：B即學(xué)即用他因多年吸入煤灰而生病了。_答案：He became ill after breathing coal dust for many years.1pick up1)撿

15、起；拾起Pick up the box by the handles.抓住把手把箱子拎起來(lái)。2)收拾；收集Please pick up all your toys when youve finished playing.你玩過(guò)之后請(qǐng)把玩具收拾好。3)健康狀況好轉(zhuǎn)；恢復(fù)生機(jī)Trade is picking up again.商業(yè)情況在好轉(zhuǎn)。4)找到；獲得；學(xué)會(huì)Where did you pick up your excellent French?你是在哪里學(xué)會(huì)一口流利的法語(yǔ)的？5)重提(話題)；(使)重新開始Lets pick up the conversation where we left

16、off yesterday.讓我們從昨天中斷的地方開始再繼續(xù)談。6)收取(物)；接(人)Im going to pick up my coat from the cleaners.我要去洗衣店取我的大衣。7)(在無(wú)線電中)收聽到We picked up signals for help from the burning ship.我們收聽到了失火船只發(fā)出的求救信號(hào)。8)廉價(jià)買到9)跌倒后爬起助記高考直擊(2021山東27) Sam _ some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it.A. brought

17、up B. looked up C. picked up D. set up解析：此題考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)意義辨析。句意應(yīng)為“山姆只是憑借看別人操作電腦就學(xué)到了一些電腦知識(shí)。表示“學(xué)會(huì)用pick up; pick up另外還有“撿起； 順車接送，搭載；收拾，整理；重新開始；獲得等義；bring up 表示“撫養(yǎng)，教育；提出；嘔吐；look up 表示“向上看；(形勢(shì))好轉(zhuǎn)，改善；查閱；set up表示“建立，設(shè)置；造成，產(chǎn)生。答案：C即學(xué)即用(2021全國(guó))The director had her assistant_some hot dogs for the meeting.Apicked up B

18、picks upCpick up Dpicking up答案：C2begin with 以開始Autumn begins with August.秋天從八月開始。The evening party began with a song.晚會(huì)以一首歌開始的。知識(shí)拓展to begin/start with 首先；第一To begin/start with, we ought to know what we study for.我們首先應(yīng)該知道我們?yōu)槭裁炊鴮W(xué)習(xí)。(反)end up with(end up doing sth.) 以而結(jié)束The speech ended up with a famous

19、 poem.那篇演說(shuō)最后以一首名詩(shī)來(lái)結(jié)束。即學(xué)即用(2021湖南岳陽(yáng)一中質(zhì)檢)The research is so designed that once_nothing can be done to change it.Abegins Bhaving begunCbeginning Dbegun答案：D1Go to bed now or youll be really tired tomorrow.現(xiàn)在就去睡覺，否那么你明天會(huì)感到很累的。Take more exercise and youll get really fit.多鍛煉，你的身體會(huì)很健康的。以上兩句用了同一個(gè)句式：祈使句and/or

20、簡(jiǎn)單句。祈使句表示條件；and表示意義上的遞進(jìn)，or那么表示意義上的轉(zhuǎn)折。Hurry up or youll miss the train.(If you dont hurry up, youll miss the train.)快點(diǎn)，否那么就要誤了火車了。Work hard and youll succeed.(If you work hard, youll succeed.)努力工作，你會(huì)成功的。注意：這一句式中的祈使句可以與if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句互換。A little more effort and the work will be finished.(If you make a lit

21、tle more effort, the work will be finished.)再努力一些，工作就能完成了。高考直擊(1)(2021四川19)If you have a job，_ yourself to it and finally youll succeed.Ado devote Bdont devoteCdevoting Dnot devoting解析：考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)及“祈使句and將來(lái)時(shí)句子的固定搭配。此處應(yīng)是祈使句，又有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)要借助助動(dòng)詞do，應(yīng)選A。句意為：“如果你有了一份工作，付出努力去做它，最后你定能成功。答案：A(2)(2021湖南)_the websit

22、e of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting.AHaving searchedBTo searchCSearchingDSearch解析：考查祈使句?！捌硎咕鋋nd/or句子為一固定結(jié)構(gòu)。答案：D即學(xué)即用Start out right away, _youll miss the first train.Aand BbutCor Dwhile答案：C2“That couldnt be better！此句意為：“不可能比這更好了！或“好極了！cant/couldnt be形容詞或

23、副詞的比較級(jí)是一種很常見的結(jié)構(gòu)，常用來(lái)表示對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情的評(píng)價(jià)或判斷，可譯為“不可能更加，表示最高級(jí)概念。What do you think of the film last night?你覺得昨晚的電影怎么樣？It couldnt be worse.再糟糕不過(guò)了。We couldnt have found a better place for a picnic.我們?cè)僖舱也坏奖冗@更好的地方進(jìn)行野餐了。注意：這一結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)際是以比較級(jí)的形式表達(dá)最高級(jí)的含義，還可用以下這種形式：No one is taller than Tom in our class.我們班里湯姆最高。No bread is

24、sweeter than that earned by yourself.自己掙的面包吃起來(lái)最香甜。即學(xué)即用Your story is perfect; Ive never heard_before.Athe better one Bthe best oneCa better one Da good one答案：C3Decide on the five most important things you should or shouldnt do in order to stay healthy.為了保持健康，決定五件最重要的你應(yīng)該或不應(yīng)該做的事情。stay healthy是系表結(jié)構(gòu)；stay

25、是不及物動(dòng)詞，也可作系動(dòng)詞，意為“持續(xù)不變；保持，后接表語(yǔ)。How can you stay so cool, calm and collected after such a hot argument?這樣一場(chǎng)劇烈的爭(zhēng)論過(guò)后，你怎么還能保持如此心平氣和、鎮(zhèn)靜自假設(shè)？注意：stay可用進(jìn)行時(shí)，通常指在某地呆一段時(shí)間不離開，或暫時(shí)留在某地。即學(xué)即用The prices of water, electricity and gas have_for years in Binhai New District.Aremained unchangedBkept unchangedCstayed unchan

26、gingDremained unchanging答案：A4an illness in which your chest hurts when you breathe呼吸時(shí)你感到胸疼的一種病in which your chest hurts when you breathe是定語(yǔ)從句，由“介詞which引導(dǎo)。Benjamin Franklin conducted a number of experiments in which he showed what electricity was.本杰明富蘭克林進(jìn)行了許多實(shí)驗(yàn)，以證明電是什么。知識(shí)拓展關(guān)系代詞前面介詞的使用應(yīng)根據(jù)以下情況進(jìn)行選擇：1)根據(jù)

27、與前面名詞的搭配關(guān)系進(jìn)行選擇。Ill never forget the day on which I first met him.(表示具體的某一天，介詞用on)2)根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句后面的動(dòng)詞和介詞的搭配關(guān)系進(jìn)行選擇。The man to whom you spoke just now is a relative of my aunts.(speak to意為“對(duì)說(shuō)話)The two things of which they felt proud were Jims gold watch and Dellas hair.(be/feel proud of為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“為而感到自豪)3)有時(shí)須同

28、時(shí)考慮動(dòng)詞和介詞的搭配關(guān)系及介詞和名詞的搭配關(guān)系。The clever boy made a hole in the wall, through which he could see what was happening inside the house.高考直擊(1)(2021山東)Whenever I met her，_was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.Awho BwhichCwhen Dthat解析：此題考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞的用法，指代前面一個(gè)句子，故用which。答案：B(2)(2021江蘇32) The

29、newly built cafe, the walls of _ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work.A. that B. it C. what D. which答案：D 解析：定語(yǔ)從句表示咖啡屋的墻。即學(xué)即用(2021湖南)The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _are beyond our control.Amost of themBmost of whichC

30、most of whatDmost of that答案：B5And now I dont get migraines any more. I feel great!現(xiàn)在我不再偏頭痛，感覺好極了。not.any moreno more 不再知識(shí)拓展no more than 至多；同一樣不not more than 至多；不超過(guò)；不比更the more., the more. 越越more than 多過(guò)；不止詞語(yǔ)辨析：no more, no longerno more表示數(shù)量和程度上“沒有更多；“和一樣不；no longer(通常用在動(dòng)詞前)，not any longer, not any mo

31、re都可以表示“(過(guò)去曾)現(xiàn)在不再。We have no more food at home.我們家里沒吃的東西了。She no longer lives here.She doesnt live here any longer.她不在這兒住了。即學(xué)即用Will you give this message to Mr White, please?Sorry, I cant. He_.Adoesnt any more work hereBdoesnt any longer here workCdoesnt work any more hereDdoesnt work here any longe

32、r答案：D1名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞一個(gè)詞由一種詞類轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種詞類而不發(fā)生詞形的變化，稱為轉(zhuǎn)化(Conversion)，轉(zhuǎn)化是英語(yǔ)三種構(gòu)詞法(轉(zhuǎn)化、派生、合成)中的一種。本模塊主要介紹名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞。 用法例詞例句許多表示物體的名詞可以用做動(dòng)詞來(lái)表示動(dòng)作。book n. 書v.預(yù)訂chair n. 椅子v. 主持；使入座seat n. 座位v. 使坐下picture n. 圖畫v. 畫；描繪；想象bottle n. 瓶子v.用瓶裝hammer n. 錘子v. 錘擊，錘打Who do you know chaired the meeting？你知道是誰(shuí)主持的會(huì)議嗎？The large hall can

33、seat a thousand people.這個(gè)大禮堂能坐1,000人。一些表示身體部位的名詞也可以用做動(dòng)詞。hand n. 手v. 交給，傳遞head n. 頭；首腦v. 朝方向前進(jìn)；作為首領(lǐng)nose n. 鼻子v. 偵察出，探聽back n. 背部v. 后退；支持shoulder n. 肩部v. 肩負(fù)，承擔(dān)eye n. 眼睛v. 注視；觀看face n. 臉v. 面對(duì)Please hand in your exercise books at the end of the lesson. 下課時(shí)請(qǐng)你們把練習(xí)本交上來(lái)。We should shoulder these responsibili

34、ties.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)起這起責(zé)任。They eyed us with alarm.他們警覺地注視著我們。用法例詞例句一些表示某類人的名詞也可以用做動(dòng)詞。fool n. 愚人；白癡v. 愚弄；浪費(fèi)host n. 主人v.當(dāng)主人招待nurse n. 護(hù)士；保姆v. 護(hù)理；照料mother n. 母親v.(母親般地)照顧man n. 男人；人類v. 操作doctor n醫(yī)生；博士v.診斷；授以博士學(xué)位He fooled me into giving him money.他欺騙我，要我給他錢。He insisted on staying up to nurse the child.他堅(jiān)持不睡覺來(lái)護(hù)理這

35、個(gè)小孩。John will man the telepohone switchboard till we get back.我們回來(lái)前由約翰管理電話總機(jī)。一些表示其他實(shí)物的名詞也可以用做動(dòng)詞。house n. 房子v.給房子?。皇詹豣ridge n. 橋梁v.架橋；渡過(guò)floor n. 地面v. 在鋪地板wolf n. 狼v. 狼吞虎咽，大吃coat n. 外套v. 涂上，包上flower n. 花v.開花；旺盛The personal picture exhibition is housed in the building.個(gè)人畫展的設(shè)在那棟樓里。The hungry boy wolfed

36、down three great bowls of rice.這個(gè)饑餓的男孩狼吞虎咽吃了三大碗米飯。用法例詞例句還有一些抽象名詞也可以用做動(dòng)詞。winter n. 冬季v. 過(guò)冬summer n夏季v. 避暑time n. 時(shí)間v. 計(jì)時(shí)；打拍子hunger n. 饑餓v. 饑餓；渴望number n. 數(shù)字v.共計(jì)，計(jì)算From her eyes, we can see that the girl is hungering for education.從小女孩的眼中我們能看出她對(duì)求學(xué)的渴望。The books in the library number in the thousands.圖書

37、館里的書數(shù)以千計(jì)。有些名詞和動(dòng)詞在轉(zhuǎn)化時(shí)形式不變，但讀音有區(qū)別：2一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)用來(lái)表示將要發(fā)生的事，常與一般將來(lái)時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：next time (下次), tomorrow(明天)，before long (不久以后)，in the future (將來(lái))，the day after tomorrow (后天)，next year (明年)等。用法例句“will動(dòng)詞原形”：常用來(lái)表示將來(lái)存在的狀態(tài)、將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或?qū)?lái)的習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作；還可表示一種沒有經(jīng)過(guò)仔細(xì)考慮的主觀意圖，可能是在說(shuō)話的當(dāng)時(shí)才做出的決定。I will be twenty next year.明年我就20

38、歲了。(將來(lái)存在的狀態(tài))He will go to the park tomorrow.明天他要去公園。(將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作)My car wont start.我的車子發(fā)動(dòng)不起來(lái)了。Ill come and give it a push.我來(lái)推一把。用法例句“be going to動(dòng)詞原形”：可以表示近期的打算，常用來(lái)表示事先已經(jīng)決定或安排要做的事，常譯為“準(zhǔn)備做”或“打算做”；還可以表示“有跡象表明或預(yù)示著”。What are you going to tomorrow?明天你打算干什么？They are going to set up a laboratory next year.他們打算明

39、年建一所實(shí)驗(yàn)室。Look at the dark clouds. Its going to rain.看那些烏云，快要下雨了?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)往往表示計(jì)劃好或準(zhǔn)備要做的事。若用于一些表示位置要做轉(zhuǎn)移的終止性動(dòng)詞，如go, come, leave, start, begin等，則表示馬上要做某事。Im taking the kids to the zoo this Sunday.本周日我要帶著孩子們?nèi)?dòng)物園。He is leaving school in one years time.他一年后就要畢業(yè)了。Wait a minute. Im coming.等一會(huì)，我馬上就來(lái)。用法例句

40、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)：這種用法主要指嚴(yán)格按照原定計(jì)劃、時(shí)刻表將要發(fā)生的事情；在條件狀語(yǔ)從句和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)The sports meet takes place next week.運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)下周舉行。We have no classes tomorrow.明天我們不上課。When she comes, Ill tell her about it.她來(lái)的時(shí)候我會(huì)把這件事告訴她。If you leave tomorrow, Ill see you off at the airport.如果你明天走，我到機(jī)場(chǎng)送你?！癰e to動(dòng)詞原形”表示將來(lái)：這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示計(jì)劃中約定的或按職責(zé)、義

41、務(wù)和要求必須去做的事或即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。The Prime Minister is to visit Hungary in May.首相將于五月訪問(wèn)匈牙利。Im to get married next year.我已安排好明年結(jié)婚。Your assignment is to be handed in next Monday.你的作業(yè)下周一必須上交。用法例句“be about to動(dòng)詞原形”，表示將來(lái)：這一結(jié)構(gòu)表示眼下馬上就要發(fā)生，不強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀，一般不能與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。Were about to start off.我們馬上出發(fā)。Be quiet. The film is about to start.安靜，電影馬上開始。Hurry up! The train is about to leave.快點(diǎn)，火車就要開了。詞語(yǔ)辨析：will, be going towill往往指沒有經(jīng)過(guò)計(jì)劃臨時(shí)出現(xiàn)的意圖，常伴說(shuō)話者的主觀意識(shí)或?qū)?lái)必然發(fā)生的事。be going to既可指主觀打算也可指客觀跡象表明將要發(fā)生。Ill answer the door.我去開門。(未經(jīng)事先考慮的意圖)I hope it will be fine tomorrow.我希望明天會(huì)晴天。(主觀意愿