現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解參考模板

1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解第一部分：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，也可表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，先從結(jié)構(gòu)和句式開(kāi)始：構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+ have / has +過(guò)去分詞+其他 (當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)用has，其余人稱(chēng)用have。過(guò)去分詞：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成與動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式相同；不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞需要特殊記憶。)否定式：主語(yǔ)+ havent / hasnt +過(guò)去分詞+其他疑問(wèn)式：Have /Has +主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他?簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ)：Yes,主語(yǔ)+ have / has.(肯定)No,主語(yǔ)+ havent / hasnt.(否定)第二部分：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的

2、含義之一是過(guò)去完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響，用以下四大標(biāo)志詞可以表達(dá)這種含義：1.以already, just和yet為標(biāo)志already, just和yet表示到現(xiàn)在為止動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)已經(jīng)、剛剛或還沒(méi)有發(fā)生。He has already got her help.他已得到她的幫助。He has just seen the film.他剛剛看過(guò)這場(chǎng)電影。Hehasntcome back yet.他還沒(méi)有回來(lái)。2.以ever和never為標(biāo)志ever和never表示到現(xiàn)在為止動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)曾經(jīng)或從來(lái)沒(méi)有發(fā)生過(guò)。This is the best film I have ever seen.這是我曾經(jīng)看過(guò)的最好

3、的一部電影。He has never been to Beijing.他從沒(méi)有到過(guò)北京。3.以動(dòng)作發(fā)生的次數(shù)為標(biāo)志若某一動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)發(fā)生了若干次，則要使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。He says he has been to theUSAthree times.他說(shuō)他已經(jīng)去過(guò)美國(guó)三次了。4.以so far為標(biāo)志so far往往表示到目前為止動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)已經(jīng)發(fā)生。He has got to Beijing so far.到目前為止他已到了北京。She has passed the exam so far.到目前為止她已經(jīng)通過(guò)了考試。第三部分：過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，甚至有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去，我們可

4、以從動(dòng)作“延續(xù)”的特性和“時(shí)間”點(diǎn)段的區(qū)分入手，進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)?！敖K止”、“延續(xù)”要轉(zhuǎn)換英語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞從詞義上可以分為延續(xù)性和非延續(xù)性?xún)煞N。在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)中一定要注意動(dòng)詞這一特性，應(yīng)將這類(lèi)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如：“Cats” has been on for half an hour.貓已經(jīng)開(kāi)演半個(gè)小時(shí)了。How long have you had this dictionary?這本字典你買(mǎi)了多久了?初中階段常見(jiàn)的有：comebe, go outbe out, leavebe away (from), beginbe on, buyhave, borrowkeep, joinbe

5、 a member /介詞短語(yǔ), diebe dead, becomebe, open (v.)be open (adj.)等。時(shí)間“點(diǎn)”、“段”須分清2 / 9過(guò)去開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作可以延續(xù)到某一點(diǎn)結(jié)束，也可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)，這時(shí)就要根據(jù)時(shí)間“點(diǎn)”、“段”選擇相應(yīng)的介詞for或since。如：He has been away for two years.他已走了兩年。(for +時(shí)間段)He has been an English teacher since 1992.自從1992年以來(lái)他一直當(dāng)英語(yǔ)教師。(since +過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻)第四部分：A)選用have, has填空：1.I_ told him t

6、he news.2.She_ come back from school.3.You_ won the game.B)按要求改寫(xiě)下列各句：4.Theyhave bought a computer.(改成否定句)_5.Hehas lost his book.(先改成一般疑問(wèn)句，再作肯定與否定回答) _Key:1.have2.has3.have4.Theyhave not / havent bought a computer.5.Has he lost his book?Yes, he has. / No, he has not / hasnt.怎樣區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在讓我們來(lái)比較一

7、下現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。在比較這兩個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，關(guān)鍵在于對(duì)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本概念是否理解，因?yàn)閷?duì)于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)我們已經(jīng)有了一個(gè)基本的理解了?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是一兼有現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)二者基本特點(diǎn)的時(shí)態(tài)。由于它有現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的特點(diǎn)，所以它可以表示某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響。由于它有現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特點(diǎn)，所以它也可以表示某一動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性、臨時(shí)性、重復(fù)性、生動(dòng)性乃至感情色彩。現(xiàn)在就現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的這些特點(diǎn)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)作一簡(jiǎn)單的比較：（1）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)皆可表示動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，但前者所表示的結(jié)果是直接的，而后者所表示的則是最后的結(jié)果。如：We have been cleaning

8、the classroom.(a)We have cleaned the classroom.(b)(a)句可譯為“我們打掃教室來(lái)著。”其直接結(jié)果可能是：我們身上都是灰。(b)句可以譯為“我們把教室打掃過(guò)了。”其結(jié)果是：現(xiàn)在教室很清潔，可以用了。另外，(a)句表示教室剛剛打掃過(guò)，(b)句則可能表示教室是昨天打掃的。Be careful! John has been painting the door.（a）John has painted the door.（b）(a)句表示約翰剛剛把門(mén)油漆過(guò)，現(xiàn)在油漆還未干，所以你要小心。(b)句則無(wú)此含義，油漆可能已干了。（2）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)有延續(xù)性，

9、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往沒(méi)有。如：They have been widening the road.(a)They have widened the road.(b)(a)句的意思是他們?cè)诩訉採(cǎi)R路，但尚未完工。(b)句的意思則是已完工了。有時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)有延續(xù)性（如一些屬于持續(xù)體的動(dòng)詞），但無(wú)臨時(shí)性質(zhì)。如：Mr. Smith has been living inLondonsince 1978.（a）Mr. Smith has lived inLondonsince 1979.（b）(a)句有“史密斯先生在倫敦久居”的含義，(b)句則沒(méi)有。（3）但現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)并不總是具有臨時(shí)的性質(zhì)，如：My mothe

10、r has been teaching English for twenty years.(a)My mother has taught English for twenty years.(b) (a)句在此并無(wú)臨時(shí)性質(zhì)，但較口語(yǔ)化。(b)句則較為正式。另外，(a)句表示動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在仍在繼續(xù)，并將延續(xù)下去，(b)句的動(dòng)作是否延續(xù)下去，須由上下文決定，但在一般情況下都是延續(xù)下去的。（4）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)往往表示動(dòng)作在重復(fù)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則常常不帶重復(fù)性。如：Have you been meeting her lately?(a)Have you met her lately?(b)(a)句有“經(jīng)常相會(huì)”之

11、意，(b)句則沒(méi)有。(b)句如與often,every day等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，當(dāng)然也表示動(dòng)作在重復(fù)。（5）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)比較生動(dòng)，有時(shí)含有明顯的感情色彩，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往只說(shuō)明一個(gè)事實(shí)，一種影響或結(jié)果，平鋪直敘，沒(méi)有什么感情色彩可言。如：What have you been doing?(a)What have you done?(b) (a)句表示驚異，(b)句只是一個(gè)問(wèn)題。Have you been waiting long?(a)Have you waited long?(b) (a)句比(b)句生動(dòng)。另外，(a)句比較口語(yǔ)化。I havebeen wantingto meet you

12、for long.(a)I have long wanted to meet you.(b)(a)句比(b)句更親切，更有禮貌。Recently Mary has been doing her work regularly.(a)Recently Mary has done her work regularly.(b)(a)句顯然是在表?yè)P(yáng)瑪麗，(b)只說(shuō)明一個(gè)事實(shí)。還有一例，頗為有趣：Whos been eating my apples?(a)Whos eaten my apples?(b)(a)句有強(qiáng)烈的感情色彩，表示憤怒不滿(mǎn)，(b)句只是希望回答的一個(gè)問(wèn)題。另外，(a)句兼有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，所以

13、有“蘋(píng)果未被全部吃光”的意思，(b)句是完成時(shí)態(tài)，說(shuō)明“蘋(píng)果一個(gè)不剩了”。A表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影想或結(jié)果）。例如：Thecarhasarrived.車(chē)子來(lái)了。（結(jié)果：車(chē)子已在門(mén)口）Someonehasbrokenthewindow.有人把窗戶(hù)打破了。（結(jié)果：窗戶(hù)仍破著）B.表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，可以和表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)）的一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用,如for+時(shí)間段、since+過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)、疑問(wèn)詞howlong等。例如：Myunclehasworkedatthisfactoryforfiveyears.

14、我叔叔在這個(gè)工廠(chǎng)工作已經(jīng)五年了。Mr.BlackhaslivedinChinasince2002.自從2002年Mr.Black一直住在中國(guó)。Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?你來(lái)這里多久了？注意：此種用法中表示持續(xù)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（否定句除外）。例如：(1)這本書(shū)我已經(jīng)買(mǎi)了三個(gè)月了。錯(cuò)誤：Ihaveboughtthebookforthreemonths.正確：Ihavehadthebookforthreemonths.(2)你哥哥參軍多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？錯(cuò)誤：Howlonghasyourbrotherjoinedthearmy?正確：Howlonghasyourbroth

15、erbeeninthearmy/beenasoldier?延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換leave-beawayborrow-keepbuy-havedie-bedeadbegin/start-beonfinish-beoverfallill-beillgetup-beupcatchacold-haveacoldputonwearcome/become/go-beherefallasleep-beasleepgetto/arrive/reach-be(in)gettoknow-knowjoin-beamemberof.(成為的一員)open-beopenclose-beclosed用相應(yīng)的

16、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞替換短暫性動(dòng)詞，句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為“for時(shí)間段”或“since時(shí)間點(diǎn)”。如：HehasbeenintheGreenChinaforthreeyears.HehasbeenamemberoftheGreenChinaforthreeyears.他加入“綠色中國(guó)”已經(jīng)三年了。Theoldmandied4yearsago.-Theoldmanhasbeendeadfor4years.HejoinedtheParty2yearsago.-HehasbeeninthePartyfor2years.Iboughtthebook5daysago.-Ihavehadthebook

17、for5days.表示時(shí)間段的短語(yǔ)有:for+一段時(shí)間(for2years),since+從句(sincehecamehere),since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)名詞(sincelastyear,since5daysago),howlong;foralongtime等。V.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別1一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過(guò)去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。Isawthisfilmyesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是yesterday。）Ihaveseenthisfilm.（強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）2一般過(guò)

18、去時(shí)和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如：ago,lastweek/.In2008,inthepast,justnow,thedaybeforeyesterday,yesterday.Then(那時(shí)),thatday,oneday,once(從前)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常和recently（近來(lái)），ever,never,twice,sofar（到目前為止）,since，for，inthepast/lastfewyears,already（肯定句）,yet（否定，疑問(wèn)句）,just(剛剛),before（以前）連用?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如

19、live,teach,learn,work,study,know.VI.比較since和forsince后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for后接時(shí)間段，試比較：Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.Myaunthasworkedinacompanysince1949.Ihavenotheardfrommyuncleforalongtime.VII.比較have/hasbeento、have/hasgoneto和havebeeninhave(has)beento.表示“曾去過(guò)某地，已經(jīng)從那里回來(lái)了”，可以和ever、nev

20、er、twice等連用。have(has)goneto表示“已經(jīng)去了某地，在去那里的途中或到達(dá)那里還沒(méi)有回來(lái)”。have(has)beenin表示“在某地呆多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”，常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，如：since,for,howlong等HewenttoShanghailastweek上周他去了上海HehasbeentoShanghai.他(曾經(jīng))到/去過(guò)上海.(但他人現(xiàn)在肯定不是在上海而是回來(lái)了)HehasgonetoShanghai.他已經(jīng)去上海了.(也許剛動(dòng)身出發(fā),也許已經(jīng)到了,也許還在路上,反正他人不在這里)Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.布朗

21、先生來(lái)上海已經(jīng)有三天了()14.It_tenyearssinceheleftthearmy.Is.has.will.Was()15.MissGreenisntintheoffice.She_tothelibrary.hasgone.went.willgo.hasbeen()16.Myparents_Shandongfortenyears.havebeenin.havebeento.havegoneto.havebeen()17.Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,_?A. sotheyB.donttheyC.havetheyD.haventthey()18.h

22、asMr.WhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehetoChina?A. Howsoon,comes B.Howoften,gotC.Howlong,came D.Howfar,arrived()19.Hisuncleformorethan9years.A. hascomehereB.hasstartedtoworkC.haslivedthereD.haslefttheuniversity二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1、Hehasneversurfed,_?（改成附加疑問(wèn)句）2、Theyhavebeenheresince2001.(提問(wèn))_havetheybeenhere?3

23、、Theoldman_lastyear.He_forayear.(die)（動(dòng)詞填空）4、Thisfactoryopenedtwentyyearsago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) Thisfactory_fortwentyyears.5、 MissGreenleftanhourago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) MissGreen_anhourago.6、 HermotherhasbeenaPartymemberforthreeyears.（同義句） Hermother_thePartythreeyears_.三、漢譯英。1、 他昨天收到一封信。 _2、 我父親以前到過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。 _3、 她去過(guò)上海。_4、 他這些天上

24、哪兒去了？_現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)：一、單項(xiàng)選擇。10、_you_yourhomeworkyet? Yes.I_itamomentago.A.DiddofinishedB.HavedonefinishedC.HavedonehavefinishedD.willdofinish11、Hisfather_thePartysince1978.A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeenin12、Doyouknowhimwell?Sure.We_friendssincetenyearsago.A.wereB.havebeenC.havebecomeD.havemade21.Whenh

25、earrivedatthebusstop,thebus_for20minutes.A.hasleftB.hadleftC.hasbeenawayD.hadbeenaway22.I_theLeaguefor5yearssofar.A.joinedB.havejoinedC.havebeenin23.Thefactory_sincetheFebruaryof1988.A.hasbeenopenB.hasopenedC.wasopenD.opened24.MaryandRose_friendssincetheymetin2000.A.havemadeB.havebeenC.madeD.havebec

26、ome26.Themeeting_foraweeknow.A.hasfinishedB.hasendedC.hasbeenover27.MissGao_thisschoolfornearly5years.A.hasbeeninB.hascometoC.hastaught30.Howlong_he_?A.diedB.has,diedC.has,beendead31.He_ateightyesterdayafternoon.A.sleptB.wassleepingC.hassleepD.hadslept32.He_thecarforaweek.A.boughtB.hasboughtC.hashad

27、33.-Howlong_you_ill?-Twoweeks.A.didfallB.have,fellC.have,been35.Illlendyouthebook,butyoucanonly_itfor2days.A.borrowB.keepC.take40.-HowlongcanI_thebook?-Twoweeks.A.borrowB.lendC.getD.keep二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1、Hehasneversurfed,_?（改成反意疑問(wèn)句） _2、Thisfactoryopenedtwentyyearsago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) Thisfactory_fortwentyyears.3、 Her

28、motherhasbeenaPartymemberforthreeyears.（同義句） _6、 Hermother_thePartythreeyears_.7、 TheGreenFamilymovedtoFrancetwoyearsago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) _8、 _twoyears_theGreenfamilymovedtoFrance.一、用過(guò)去時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)填空：1.“_you_(have)lunch?”“Yes.”“When_you_(have)it?”“I_(have)itat12:00.”2. “_you_(write)alettertoyourauntyet?”“Yes,I_.I

29、_(write)onelastweek.”3. “_he_(finish)hishomework?”“Notyet.”4. “_theyever_(be)abroad?”“Yes,justonce.”5. Yourfather_just_(finish)hiswork.6. Yourfather_(finish)hisworkjustnow.7. LasttermI_(learn)manyEnglishwords.8.They_(notread)theinterestingbooksyet.9.He_never_(go)tothesciencemuseum.10._youever_(drink)coke?11.Haveyou_(buy)adictionary?“Yes,I_.”“Where_you_(buy)it?”“I_(buy)itinabookstore.”“When_you_(buy)it?”“Yesterday.”二、用since和for填空1. _twoyears 2._twoyearsa