貨代英語Unit 6 Documentary Credit 2

1、Unit 6 Documentary Credit跟單信用證 本節(jié)重點(diǎn)： 1 信用證有關(guān)各方當(dāng)事人 2 信用證的基本內(nèi)容 3 跟單信用證的基本程序 4 信用證結(jié)算的特征 5 信用證的類型 A letter of credit is one of the international payment methods. In China, payment of international transactions is often effected by using Letter of Credit. In order to provide uniform rules for traders to

2、follow, the International Chamber of （Abbreviated to ICC）set up the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits, which has been revised several times. The latest edition is called the UCP600Transaction:(一筆)交易Chamber tembr會(huì)所Effect：實(shí)現(xiàn)，使.生效Abbreviated brivet to 縮寫為 信用證是國際貿(mào)易中常用的一種支付手段。在我國國際交易中常

3、會(huì)涉及到信用證的使用，為了貿(mào)易者在使用信用證時(shí)有一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的原則，國際商會(huì)發(fā)布了跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例，這一規(guī)則經(jīng)過多次修訂，最新的版本是2007年修訂的跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例原則第600號(hào)出版物。一、信用證的定義 Notes: written: 書面的，成文的 =oral口頭的 promise: 約定，保證 at the request of : 應(yīng)（某人）的請(qǐng)求 on the instruction of: 憑（某人）的指示 applicant: 申請(qǐng)人 beneficiary: 受益人 specify: 指定，詳列 ，規(guī)定 provide ( that ): 假若，規(guī)定 comply with:

4、依從，服從，遵從 terms and conditions: 條款 A letter of credit ( L/C, or credit ) is the written promise of a bank to act at the request and on the instruction of the applicant and to undertake payment to the beneficiary in the amount specified in the credit, provide that the beneficiary complies with the ter

5、ms and conditions of the credit. 信用證是指銀行應(yīng)申請(qǐng)人的要求和其指示開立的承諾在受益人履行信用證條款后按信用證規(guī)定的金額付款給受益人的書面保證文件。二、信用證的有關(guān)各方當(dāng)事人（考試重點(diǎn)） There are many parties involved in the L/C operation. They are the applicant, issuing bank, advising bank, beneficiary, negotiating bank, and so on. 信用證操作過程中涉及到許多當(dāng)事人（方），他們是申請(qǐng)人，開證銀行，通知銀行，受益人

6、，議付銀行等。Notes： apply to: 向申請(qǐng)或要求 open a letter of credit: 開立信用證 opener: 申請(qǐng)開證人 accounteekaunti: 開證申請(qǐng)人 1、Applicant（申請(qǐng)人） An applicant is the party that applies to a bank for opening a letter of credit. An applicant may also be called “opener” or “accountee”. It is usually the buyer or importer in a contr

7、act. 申請(qǐng)人是指向銀行申請(qǐng)開立信用證的一方。申請(qǐng)人也稱“申請(qǐng)開證人”或“開證申請(qǐng)人”。通常是合同中的買方或進(jìn)口商。2、Issuing bank （開證行） An issuing bank refers to the bank that issues a letter of credit at the request of the applicant, and is responsible for payment of the proceeds under an L/C if the terms and conditions of the credit are complied with.

8、開證行應(yīng)申請(qǐng)人要求開立信用證的銀行，并在信用證條款履行后負(fù)責(zé)支付信用證項(xiàng)下的款項(xiàng)。3、advising bank （通知行） An advising bank is usually a bank in the sellers country. Of course, it may also be in a third country. Upon instructions and entrustment of the issuing bank, the advising bank advises the beneficiary of the L/C. entrustment: 委托 通知行通常是賣

9、方所在國銀行，也可在第三國家。憑開證行的指示和委托，通知受益人相關(guān)信用證事宜。4、Beneficiary （受益人） A beneficiary refers to the party in whose favor an L/C is opened and which should comply with the terms and conditions of the credit in order to receive the proceeds. It usually refers to the seller, the exporter. in ones favor：對(duì)某人有利，以某人為受益

10、人 comply with:遵守 受益人是指信用證受益一方，需按信用證條款履行義務(wù)以獲得付款。通常是指的賣方，或出口商。 draft: 匯票，付款通知單 be authorized to: 有權(quán)做，被允許 stipulation: 不可數(shù)規(guī)定; 可數(shù)條款, 條件 documentary draft: 跟單匯票 5、Negotiating bank 議付銀行 A negotiating bank is the bank that negotiates the beneficiarys draft(s). It may be the advising bank or another bank au

11、thorized to negotiate the documents. If there is no specific stipulation in the L/C, the exporter may present the documentary draft to any bank that is able to do the negotiation. 中文意思：議付行是對(duì)受益人匯票進(jìn)行議付的銀行。議付行可以是通知行或者其他有權(quán)議付單證的銀行。如果信用證中無特殊規(guī)定，出口商可以向任何銀行提交跟單匯票進(jìn)行議付。三、信用證的基本內(nèi)容 An L/C can be opened by mail,

12、by cable, or by SWIFT. Although there are no uniform forms covering an L/C, their contents are basically the same. Cable: 電報(bào)SWIFT ( Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication) 環(huán)球銀行間金融電訊協(xié)會(huì)Uniform form: 統(tǒng)一格式 信用證可以通過郵件，電報(bào)以及SWIFT格式開立。盡管信用證沒有統(tǒng)一的格式，但其內(nèi)容基本一樣。 They include all the important

13、 terms and conditions of the sales contract signed by the two parties: documents required, the bankers undertaking clauses, and any special conditions in the L/C. documents required: 單證要求 banker: 銀行 clause: 條款 這些基本內(nèi)容包括所有買賣方雙方簽署的合同中的重要條款：?jiǎn)巫C要求，銀行保證條款，以及其他信用證的特別規(guī)定。 四、跟單信用證的基本程續(xù)（考試重點(diǎn)） 三個(gè)基本步驟： 1、Issuance

14、 juns of the L/C 信用證開立 The process of a buyer applying for and opening a documentary credit at the issuing bank, and the issuing banks notification of the L/C to the seller through the advising bank. 信用證開立是買方向開證行申請(qǐng)開立信用證，通過通知行向賣方發(fā)出開證行開證通知。 2、Amendment to the L/C if necessary 如需對(duì)信用證進(jìn)行修改 The process wh

15、ereby the terms and conditions of a documentary credit may be modified after the credit has been issued. amendment: 修正, 改正, 修訂 whereby: 因此，為何，由此 modify: 變更，修改 在信用證開立后如需對(duì)跟單信用證的條款進(jìn)行更改需進(jìn)行信用證的修改。 3、Utilization and settlement 使用和支付 The process whereby the seller ships the goods, transfers the documents f

16、rom the seller to the buyer through banks, and transfers the proceeds from the buyer to the seller through banks in different ways (the settlement). 這一過程是賣方裝運(yùn)貨物，將單證通過銀行轉(zhuǎn)讓給買方，并且再由買方通過銀行向賣方通過各種途徑付款。 上述三個(gè)步驟是信用證操作的基本步驟，但是具體實(shí)施步驟因信用證的不同而有所不同。 五、信用證結(jié)算的特征（考試重點(diǎn)）信用證結(jié)算有三個(gè)方面的基本特征：1. the issuing bank has the pri

17、mary liability for payment 開證行負(fù)有首要付款的責(zé)任2. L/C is a self-sufficient instrument 信用證是一種自給自足的結(jié)算工具。 self-sufficient: 自給自足的 instrument: 工具，手段，方法 3. L/C is simply a document transaction. 信用證是簡(jiǎn)單的單證交易。 relevant: 相關(guān)的，有關(guān)聯(lián)的 deal with: 處理，安排，涉及 rather than: 而不是 conform to: 遵照，符合 take up a matter with：與交涉 default

18、ing party: 違約方，為履行合同的一方 （defaulting: 違約，不履行義務(wù)） have nothing to do with: 與無關(guān) be in order: 整齊, 狀況良好, 適宜 have the right to (do sth)：有權(quán)做（某事） The relevant parties deal with documents only, rather than with the goods or services. If the goods do not conform to the documents after the applicant pays the is

19、suing bank, the applicant can only take this matter up with the defaulting parties. It has nothing to do with the bank. However, if the goods are in order, but the documents are not correct, the issuing bank and the applicant have the right to refuse to pay the seller. 信用證的相關(guān)各方只需處理單證方面事宜，而不需處理貨物或者服務(wù)

20、。如果貨物在申請(qǐng)人向開證行付款后發(fā)現(xiàn)與單證不符，申請(qǐng)人只能與違約方進(jìn)行交涉。與銀行無關(guān)。但是，如果貨物狀況良好，但是單證有誤，開證行和申請(qǐng)人均有權(quán)拒絕向賣方付款。六、信用證的類型（考試重點(diǎn)）六、信用證的類型（考試重點(diǎn)）信用證根據(jù)環(huán)境可分為許多種類型，一種信用證同時(shí)可能有不同的特征。信用證根據(jù)環(huán)境可分為許多種類型，一種信用證同時(shí)可能有不同的特征。1. Documentary Credits vs. Clean Credits 跟單信用證與光票信用證跟單信用證與光票信用證If shipping documents are required, these credits are called doc

21、umentary credits. If shipping documents are not required and only drafts are required, they are called clean credits.documentary credit: 跟單信用證跟單信用證clean credit: 光票信用證光票信用證如果信用證附帶有裝運(yùn)單據(jù)，則稱為跟單信用證。如果信用證不附帶單據(jù)僅附如果信用證附帶有裝運(yùn)單據(jù)，則稱為跟單信用證。如果信用證不附帶單據(jù)僅附帶匯票，則稱為光票信用證。帶匯票，則稱為光票信用證。 2. Irrevocable Documentary Credits

22、 不可撤銷信用證不可撤銷信用證 Irrevocable credits means that once the L/C is opened, it cannot be cancelled or amended within its term of validity without the agreement of the issuing bank, the confirming bank, if any, and the beneficiary. irrevocable: 不能撤銷的, 不能恢復(fù)的 once: 一旦 term of validity vldti : 有效期 不可撤銷信用證是指信

23、用證一旦開立，在有效期內(nèi)未經(jīng)開證行，保兌行以及受益人的同意不得撤銷和更改的信用證。3. Confirmed vs. Unconfirmed Credits 保兌信用證與不保兌信用證保兌信用證與不保兌信用證 Under irrevocable documentary credits, depending on whether there is another bank in addition to that of the issuing bank undertaking to pay, an irrevocable letter of credit can be either a confirm

24、ed or unconfirmed L/C. If a credit is not confirmed by another bank, it is an unconfirmed L/C.confirmed credit: 保兌信用證 unconfirmed credit: 不保兌信用證depend on: 依賴，取決于 in addition to: 除之外 undertake to do: 承擔(dān)，承諾 不可撤銷信用證是否為保兌信用證，取決于是否存在除了開證行以外的另外一家銀行也承諾付款，不可撤銷信用證可以是保兌或者不保兌信用證。如果信用證無其他銀行保兌，則它是不保兌信用證。 The und

25、ertaking to pay is the sole responsibility of the issuing bank. An irrevocable confirmed documentary credit is one that contains the guarantee of payment to the beneficiary by both the issuing bank and confirming bank so long as the terms and conditions of the credit are met. sole: 唯一的 guarantee: 保證

26、，擔(dān)保，擔(dān)保書 so long as: 只要 開證行唯一的責(zé)任是付款。不可撤銷保兌信用證即只要滿足了信用證條款的要求，開證行和保兌行都可擔(dān)保向受益人履行付款義務(wù) effect payment: 履行付款, 支付款項(xiàng) effect negotiation: 進(jìn)行議付 upon receipt of: 一旦收到（on receipt of: 當(dāng)收到的時(shí)候） in conformity with: 和一致，和符合 stipulations: （復(fù)數(shù)）條款，條件 sight payment credit: 即期付款信用證 sight negotiation credit: 即期議付信用證 4. Sig

27、ht Credits vs. Time Credits 即期信用證與遠(yuǎn)期信用證 1）即期信用證 Sight credits mean that the issuing bank or its nominated bank effects payment or negotiation immediately upon receipt of the drafts and/or other documents that are in conformity with the stipulations of the L/C, such as a sight payment credit and sigh

28、t negotiation credit. 即期信用證是指開證行或者其他指定銀行一旦收到與信用證條款相符的匯票或者其他單據(jù)后立即履行付款義務(wù)或進(jìn)行議付的信用證，比如即期付款信用證和即期議付信用證 sellers time credit: 賣方遠(yuǎn)期信用證 deferred payment credit: 延期付款信用（deferred:延期的，延緩的）acceptance credit: 承兌信用證 buyers time credit: 買方遠(yuǎn)期信用證 2） 遠(yuǎn)期信用證 A time credit includes the sellers time credits (deferred paym

29、ent credits and acceptance credits) and the buyers time credits. 遠(yuǎn)期信用證包括賣方遠(yuǎn)期信用證（延期付款信用證和承兌信用證）和買方遠(yuǎn)期信用證 payment credit: 付款信用證 sight payment credit: 即期付款信用證 negotiation credit：議付信用證 anticipatory credit: 預(yù)支信用證 (anticipatory: ntsp,t()r預(yù)期的，先行的) revolving credit: 循環(huán)信用證 transferable credit: 可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證 back-to-back credit: 背對(duì)背信用證 5. 其他類型信用證 Additionally, there are also payment credits (sight payment credit and deferred payment credits), acceptance credits, negotiation credits, anticipatory credits, revolving credits