Lesson 38 SOLAS Convention

1、Shanghai Maritime UniversityShanghai Maritime UniversitynSOLAS Conventionn海上人命安全公約n1. The main objective of the SOLAS Convention is to specify minimum standards for the construction, equipment and operation of ships, compatible with(一致) their safety. nSOLAS公約的主要目的是明確規(guī)定確保船舶安全所需的船舶結構、設備、操作等方面的最低標準。 Sh

2、anghai Maritime UniversitynFlag States are responsible for ensuring that ships under their flag comply with its requirements, and a number of certificates are prescribed in the Convention as proof that this has been done. n船旗國有責任確保懸掛其國旗的船舶符合本公約的要求，而且公約中指明了多種證書作為該項得到實施的證明。Shanghai Maritime University

3、nControl provisions also allow Contracting Governments to inspect ships of other Contracting States if there are clear grounds for believing that the ship and its equipment do not substantially comply with the requirements of the Convention - this procedure is known as Port State Control. n如果有明確的理由相

4、信船舶及其設備不充分符合公約要求，監(jiān)督條款還允許締約國政府檢查其他締約國船舶，這項程序被稱作港口國監(jiān)督。Shanghai Maritime UniversitynThe current SOLAS Convention includes Articles setting out(陳述) general obligations, amendment procedure and so on, followed by an Annex divided into 12 Chapters.n現(xiàn)行SOLAS公約包括基本義務、修正程序等相關條款，公約附則分為12章。Shanghai Maritime Uni

5、versityn2. Chapter I - General Provisions 第一章-總則n3. It includes regulations concerning the survey of the various types of ships and the issuing of documents signifying that the ship meets the requirements of the Convention. n它包括涉及各類型船舶檢驗的規(guī)則和表明船舶與公約要求相符的文件簽發(fā)。Shanghai Maritime UniversitynThe Chapter a

6、lso includes provisions for the control of ships in ports of other Contracting Governments.n這一章節(jié)中也包括其他締約國政府的在港船舶的控制條款。Shanghai Maritime Universityn4. Chapter II-1 - Construction - Subdivision and stability, machinery and electrical installations n第二章-1結構分艙和穩(wěn)性，機械與電氣設備Shanghai Maritime Universityn5. T

7、he subdivision of passenger ships into watertight compartments must be such that after assumed damage to the ships hull the vessel will remain afloat and stable. n客船水密艙室的分隔必須保證船體發(fā)生假定的破損后，船舶仍能保持漂浮和穩(wěn)定。Shanghai Maritime UniversitynRequirements for watertight integrity and bilge pumping arrangements for

8、 passenger ships are also laid down(發(fā)布號令等) as well as stability requirements for both passenger and cargo ships.n對客船水密完整性和艙底水泵布置，客船及貨船的穩(wěn)性也作了相關要求。Shanghai Maritime Universityn6. The degree of subdivision - measured by the maximum permissible distance between two adjacent bulkheads - varies with ships

9、 length and the service in which it is engaged. n由相鄰兩個水密艙間允許的最大距離作為衡量標準的分艙度，隨船長以及船舶所從事的營運服務而有所變化。Shanghai Maritime UniversitynThe highest degree of subdivision applies to passenger ships.n最高的分艙度適用于客船。Shanghai Maritime Universityn7. Requirements covering machinery and electrical installations are des

10、igned to ensure that services which are essential for the safety of the ship, passengers and crew are maintained under various emergency conditions. n制定了涵蓋機械和電氣設備的相關要求，以確保在各種應急條件下維持對于船舶、旅客、船員安全至關重要的相關功能。Shanghai Maritime UniversitynThe steering gear requirements of this Chapter are particularly impo

11、rtant.n這一章中操舵裝置的要求特別重要。n8. Chapter II-2 - Fire protection, fire detection and fire extinctionn第二章-2 防火、探火和滅火Shanghai Maritime Universityn9. It includes detailed fire safety provisions for all ships and specific measures for passenger ships, cargo ships and tankers. n包括對所有船舶的詳細防火安全條款以及對客船、貨船和油船防火的特別措

12、施。Shanghai Maritime Universityn10. They include the following principles: division of the ship into main and vertical zones by thermal and structural boundaries; n它們包括以下原則:根據(jù)熱力和結構界域將船舶劃分為平面和垂直方向不同的區(qū)域; Shanghai Maritime Universitynseparation of accommodation spaces from the remainder(其他的,剩余的) of the

13、ship by thermal and structural boundaries; n根據(jù)熱力和結構界域將生活區(qū)空間從船舶其他部分分隔開; Shanghai Maritime Universitynrestricted use of combustible materials;n限制可燃物質的使用；ndetection of any fire in the zone of origin; n探測區(qū)域內任何火源; n containment and extinction of any fire in the space of origin; n區(qū)域內火源的限制和撲滅;Shanghai Mari

14、time Universitynprotection of the means of escape or of access for fire-fighting purposes; n逃生或滅火途徑的保護;nready availability of fire-extinguishing appliances; n立即可用的滅火設施;n minimization of the possibility of ignition of flammable cargo vapour.n可燃貨物氣體被點燃可能性的最小化。Shanghai Maritime Universityn11. Chapter I

15、II - Life-saving appliances and arrangements n第三章-救生設備及其布置n12. The Chapter includes requirements for life-saving appliances and arrangements, including requirements for life boats, rescue boats and life jackets according to type of ship. n本章包含對救生裝置及其布置的要求，包括根據(jù)船舶類型對救生艇、救助艇及救生衣等方面的要求。Shanghai Maritime

16、 Universityn13. The International Life-Saving Appliance (LSA) Code gives specific technical requirements for LSAs and is mandatory under Regulation 34, which states that all life-saving appliances and arrangements shall comply with the applicable requirements of the LSA Code. n“國際救生設備規(guī)則”(LSA) 對救生設備給

17、出了詳細的技術要求，并在第三十四條做了強制要求，該條款規(guī)定所有救生設備和布置都必須符合“國際救生設備規(guī)則”的相關適用要求。Shanghai Maritime Universityn14. Chapter IV Radiocommunications n第四章-無線電通信n15. The Chapter incorporates the Global Maritime Distress(危難) and Safety System (GMDSS). n本章整合了全球海上遇險與安全系統(tǒng)（GMDSS）。Shanghai Maritime UniversitynAll passenger ships a

18、nd all cargo ships of 300 gross tonnage and upwards on international voyages are required to carry equipment designed to improve the chances of rescue following an accident, n國際航區(qū)所有客船和所有300總噸及以上貨船都要求配備用來提高在發(fā)生事故之后救助機會的設備，Shanghai Maritime Universitynincluding satellite emergency position indicating r

19、adio beacons (EPIRBs) and search and rescue transponders (SARTs) for the location of the ship or survival craft.n包括用于定位船舶和救生筏的“衛(wèi)星應急無線電示位信標”（EPIRBs）和“搜救雷達應答器”（SARTs）。Shanghai Maritime Universityn16. Regulations in Chapter IV cover undertakings by contracting governments to provide radiocommunication

20、services as well as ship requirements for carriage of radiocommunications equipment.n第四章的規(guī)則涵蓋了締約國政府承諾的提供無線電通信服務以及船舶無線電通信的配備要求。Shanghai Maritime UniversitynThe Chapter is closely linked to the Radio Regulations of the International Telecommunication Union.n本章與國際電信聯(lián)盟的無線電法規(guī)緊密相連。n17. Chapter V - Safety

21、of navigation n第五章-航行安全Shanghai Maritime Universityn18. Chapter V identifies certain navigation safety services which should be provided by Contracting Governments and sets forth(闡明, 宣布, 提出) provisions of an operational nature applicable in general to all ships on all voyages. n第五章明確某些必須由締約國政府提供的航行安

22、全服務，并在該章中闡明了適用所有航線所有船舶運行特點的條款。Shanghai Maritime UniversitynThis is in contrast to the Convention as a whole, which only applies to certain classes of ship engaged on international voyages.n這一點與公約整體形成鮮明對比，公約整體上只適用于航行于國際航線的某類船舶。Shanghai Maritime Universityn19. The subjects covered include the maintena

23、nce of meteorological(氣象的) services for ships; the ice patrol service; routing of ships; and the maintenance of search and rescue services. n涵蓋的項目包括給各船舶提供氣象服務的維護、冰區(qū)巡航服務、船舶航道安排以及搜尋與救助設施的維護。Shanghai Maritime Universityn20. This Chapter also includes a general obligation for masters to proceed to the a

24、ssistance of those in distress and for Contracting Governments to ensure that all ships shall be sufficiently and efficiently manned from a safety point of view. n這一章還包括：船長對遇難者進行救助的一般性義務，以及締約國政府出于安全角度確保所有船舶必須配備足夠而有效人員的一般性義務。Shanghai Maritime Universityn21. The chapter makes mandatory the carriage of

25、 voyage data recorders (VDRs) and automatic ship identification systems (AIS). n這一章要求強制配備航行數(shù)據(jù)記錄儀(VDRs)和船舶自動識別系統(tǒng)(AIS)。n22. Chapter VI - Carriage of Cargoesn 第VI章-貨物運輸Shanghai Maritime Universityn23. The Chapter covers all types of cargo (except liquids and gases in bulk) which, owing to their particu

26、lar hazards to ships or persons on board, may require special precautions. n這章涵蓋所有種類貨物（不包括散裝液氣船），“由于該類貨物對船舶或船上人員的特殊危險，它可能需要進行特別預防”。Shanghai Maritime Universityn24. The regulations include requirements for stowage and securing of cargo or cargo units (such as containers). n規(guī)則包括貨物或貨物單元（如集裝箱）的裝載和綁扎的要求。

27、Shanghai Maritime Universityn25. This(The) Chapter requires cargo ships carrying grain to comply with the International Grain Code.n該章要求運輸谷物船舶須符合國際散裝谷物安全運輸規(guī)則（International Code for the Safe Carriage of Grain in Bulk）。Shanghai Maritime Universityn26. Chapter VII - Carriage of dangerous goodsn第VII章-危險

28、貨物運輸n27. The regulations are contained in four parts:n規(guī)則包含三大部分Shanghai Maritime Universityn28. Part A- Carriage of dangerous goods in packaged form - includes provisions for the classification, packing, marking, labelling and placarding, documentation and stowage of dangerous goods.第A部分-以包裝方式運輸?shù)奈ｋU品貨

29、物-包括危險貨物的分類、包括、標志、標簽和標語、文件和儲存等條款。Shanghai Maritime UniversitynContracting Governments are required to issue instructions at the national level and the Chapter makes mandatory the International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code, developed by IMO, n要求締約國政府簽發(fā)國家級的指南，該章由IMO制定，使國際海上危險品貨物規(guī)則(IMDG國際危規(guī))成為強

30、制性（規(guī)則）， nwhich is constantly updated to accommodate new dangerous goods and to supplement or revise existing provisions.n該規(guī)則經(jīng)常更新以適應新危險品貨物，并對現(xiàn)有條例作補充或修改。Shanghai Maritime Universityn29. Part A-1 - Carriage of dangerous goods in solid form in bulk - covers the documentation, stowage and segregation req

31、uirements for these goods and requires reporting of incidents involving such goods. nA-1部分-固體散裝危險貨物的運輸-涵蓋針對這些貨物的文件、儲存和隔離要求，以及要求針對涉及這類貨物意外事件的報告。Shanghai Maritime Universityn30. Part B covers Construction and equipment of ships carrying dangerous liquid chemicals in bulk and requires chemical tankers

32、built after 1 July 1986 to comply with the International Bulk Chemical Code (IBC Code). nB部分涵蓋承運危險散裝液體化學品船舶的結構和設備，要求1986年7月1日以后建造的化學品船舶應符合國際散裝化學品規(guī)則(IBC Code)。Shanghai Maritime Universityn31. Part C covers Construction and equipment of ships carrying liquefied gases in bulk and requires gas carriers

33、constructed after 1 July 1986 to comply with the requirements of the International Gas Carrier Code (IGC Code). nC部分涵蓋承運散裝液化氣船舶的結構和設備，并要求1986年7月1日以后建造的液化氣船舶應符合國際液化氣運輸規(guī)則(IGC Code)。Shanghai Maritime Universityn32. Part D includes special requirements for the carriage of packaged irradiated nuclear fue

34、l, plutonium and high-level radioactive wastes on board ships and requires ships carrying such products to comply with the International Code for the Safe Carriage of Packaged Irradiated Nuclear Fuel, Plutonium and High-Level Radioactive Wastes on Board Ships (INF Code). nD部分包括船舶運輸經(jīng)包裝的輻射核燃料、钚和高放射性廢料

35、的特殊要求，以及要求承運這類產(chǎn)品的船舶應符合船舶安全運輸經(jīng)包裝的輻射核燃料、钚和高放射性廢料國際規(guī)則(INF Code)。Shanghai Maritime Universityn33. This(The) chapter requires carriage of dangerous goods to be in compliance with the relevant provisions of the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code).n這章要求危險貨物運輸必須符合國際海上危險貨物運輸規(guī)則(IMDG Code)

36、的相關條款。Shanghai Maritime UniversitynThe IMDG Code was first adopted by IMO in 1965 and has been kept up to date by regular amendments, including those needed to keep it in line with United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods which sets the basic requirements for all the transp

37、ort modes. n國際海事組織IMO于1965年首次吸納了IMDG規(guī)則，并通過定期修改保持更新，包括與聯(lián)合國關于危險貨物運輸建議保持一致的一些需求，該建議制定了所有運輸方式的基本要求。Shanghai Maritime Universityn34. Chapter VIII - Nuclear ships第VIII章-核動力船舶n35. (T his c h a p t e r ) G i v e s b a s i c requirements for nuclear-powered ships and is particularly concerned with radiation

38、hazards.n該章對核動力船舶提出了基本要求，并特別關注輻射的危險性。Shanghai Maritime UniversitynIt refers to detailed and comprehensive Code of Safety for Nuclear Merchant Ships which was adopted by the IMO Assembly in 1981.n該章是指IMO大會于1981年采納的核動力商船安全規(guī)章的詳細解釋和全面理解。Shanghai Maritime Universityn36. Chapter IX - Management for the Sa

39、fe Operation of Shipsn第IX章-船舶安全運營管理Shanghai Maritime Universityn37. The Chapter makes mandatory the International Safety Management (ISM) C o d e , w h i c h r e q u i r e s a s a f e t y management system to be established by the shipowner or any person who has assumed responsibility for the ship (

40、the Company). n這一章要求強制執(zhí)行國際安全管理規(guī)則(ISM)，ISM規(guī)則要求船東或任何承擔船舶營運責任者(公司)建立安全管理體系。Shanghai Maritime Universityn38. Chapter X - Safety measures for high-speed craft n第X章-高速船舶安全措施n39. This(The) Chapter makes mandatory the International Code of Safety for High-Speed Craft (HSC Code). n該章強制實行國際高速船安全規(guī)則(HSC Code)。S

41、hanghai Maritime Universityn40. Chapter XI-1 - Special measures to enhance maritime safetyn第VI-1-提高海上安全的特別措施Shanghai Maritime Universityn41. This(The) Chapter clarifies requirements relating to authorization of recognized organizations (responsible for carrying out surveys and inspections on Adminis

42、trations behalves); enhanced surveys; ship identification number scheme; and port State control on operational requirements.n該章闡明了如下相關要求：對經(jīng)認可組織（代表主管機關進行檢驗和檢查）的授權；加強檢驗；船舶識別碼方案；以及港口國監(jiān)控的運作要求。Shanghai Maritime Universityn42. Chapter XI-2 - Special measures to enhance maritime securityn第XI-2-提高海上安全的特別措施n

43、43. The Chapter was adopted in December 2002 and entered into force on 1 July 2004. n該章于2002年12月被采納并于2004年7月1日起生效。Shanghai Maritime UniversitynRegulation XI-2/3 of the new chapter enshrines the International Ship and Port Facilities Security Code (ISPS Code).n新章節(jié)的第XI-2/3條莊嚴宣告國際船舶和港口設施保安規(guī)則(ISPS Code)

44、。 nPart A of the Code is mandatory and part B contains guidance as to how best to comply with the mandatory requirements.n規(guī)則的A部分為強制要求，B部分包含如何很好符合強制要求的指南。Shanghai Maritime UniversitynThe regulation requires Administrations to set security levels and ensure the provision of security level information

45、to ships entitled to fly their flag.n該條款要求主管機關要制定安保等級，并確保安保級別信息授予船旗國船舶。Shanghai Maritime UniversitynPrior to entering a port, or whilst in a port, within the territory of a Contracting Government, n進港前，或在港期間，且在其他締約國疆域內，Shanghai Maritime Universityna ship shall comply with the requirements for the se

46、curity level set by that Contracting Government, if that security level is higher than the security level set by the Administration for that ship.n如果當?shù)氐陌脖５燃壐哂诖爸鞴軝C關為其制定的安保等級，船方必須遵守當?shù)鼐喖s國政府設立的安保等級要求。Shanghai Maritime Universityn44. Regulation XI-2/4 confirms the role of the Master in exercising his pr

47、ofessional judgment over decisions necessary to maintain the security of the ship. n第XI-2/4條肯定了船長為保持船舶必要保安狀態(tài)而作決定時，行使其專業(yè)判斷的地位。Shanghai Maritime UniversitynIt says he shall not be constrained by the Company, the charterer or any other person in this respect.n指出船長在這方面不受公司、租家或其他任何人的約束。Shanghai Maritime

48、Universityn45. Regulation XI-2/5 requires all ships to be provided with a ship security alert system,n第XI-2/5條要求所有船舶配備船舶保安警報系統(tǒng)， naccording to a strict timetable that will see most vessels fitted by 2004 and the remainder by 2006.n根據(jù)強制的時間表，大多數(shù)船舶在2004年完成，其余的在2006年完成。Shanghai Maritime UniversitynWhen activated the ship security alert system shall initiate and transmit a ship-to-shore security alert to a competent a u t h o