翻譯、修辭格

1、第一節(jié) 可以直譯的修辭格第二節(jié) 意譯的修辭格第三節(jié) 無法翻譯的修辭格一、 Simile二、Metaphor三、Personification四、Hyperbole五、Euphemism六、Metonymy七、Ellipsis八、TransferredEpithet九、Climax十、 Anti-climax=Bathos/bes/ 十一、Irony十二、Parallelism十三、Question and Answer十四、Rhetoric Question漢語：（好）像、似乎、仿佛、正如、（好）像（一）樣、 （好）像（一）般、 如（同）（一）樣，等等英語：like , as , as if

2、, as though, asas等等她的同伴如影隨形地跟著她Her companion follows her _ like a shadow. 漢語：是、變成、變?yōu)椤⒊蔀榈鹊扔⒄Z：be , become , turn into他看上去老實，其實是草叢里的一條毒蛇He looks honest, but actually , he _a snake in the grass. is三、Personification(擬人）鮮花朝著每一位來賓展開了笑容The flowers _at every visitors.smile他的口才可以把石頭都說得動起來。His eloquence would

3、have moved a stone to action.她叔叔去年過世了。Her uncle _last year. passed away定義：借用甲來表示乙，但前提條件是甲必須與乙關(guān)系密切和本質(zhì)上有相似之處穿藍(lán)衣服的笑著但穿灰衣服的大鼻子仍然凝視著。_grinned but_ in the grey still stared.Blue suitbig nose 她會來嗎？她可能會(來),她會(來)的，但也可能不會(來)。Is she going to come?She might _,she is to _but she may not _.(come)(come）(come)定義:甲乙

4、兩種事物相關(guān)，把原本用來修飾甲的修飾語用來修飾乙。我意外地發(fā)現(xiàn)他住在如此單調(diào)而陰郁的環(huán)境中。I was so surprised to find him living such a _surrounding.drab and cheerless定義：把事物由小到大、由長到短、由低到高、由輕到重等的次序說下去。這是家庭的毀滅、道德的淪喪、國家的崩潰。It was the ruin of the family , the uprooting of moral , the destruction of the nation.定義：把事物由大到小、由長到短、由高到低等次序說下去。這起爆炸事故徹底毀壞了

5、一所學(xué)校、兩所房子和一個花盆。This explosion completely _.destroyed a school , two houses and a flowerpot定義：通過正話反說或反話正說來達(dá)到諷刺、幽默等修辭效果。我原先最好的朋友莉莉來到家中照料我的孩子。她幫助解決了困難，也拿走了我的東西。她的確幫了忙。Lily , my ex-best friend , come to my house to look after my children. She helped things out and took my things out . _She did help！定義：這

6、種修辭法是把兩個或兩個以上的結(jié)構(gòu)大體相同或相似意思相關(guān)、語氣一致的短語、句子排列成串,形成一個整體為了保護(hù)海洋環(huán)境及資源，防治污染孫海，保護(hù)生態(tài)平衡，保障人體健康，促進(jìn)海洋事業(yè)的發(fā)展，特制訂本法。The law is formulated in order to protect the marine environment and resources , prevent pollution damage , maintain ecological balance ,safeguard human health and promote the development of marine prob

7、lems.不知細(xì)葉誰裁出？二月春風(fēng)似剪刀。(賀知章詠柳）But you dont know by whom these young leaves are cut out?The early spring wind is as sharp as scissor blade.醉臥沙場君莫笑，古人征戰(zhàn)幾人回？（王翰涼州詞）Dont laugh if we lay drunken on the battleground!How many warriors since old days came back safe and sound.一、擬聲(Onomatopoeia/nmtpi /）二、對偶（ant

8、ithesis）三、雙關(guān)（Pun）四、頂真（anadiplosis）五、腳韻(Rhyme）六、拈連（zeugma zjugm ）七、借代（antonomasia）八、摹形（Graphic）九、列錦驕陽下，柳樹下，回答他的是一片“知了，知了”的蟬叫聲。Under the scorching sun , from the willow tree , came the confirming reply of the cicadas chirrup:(I) see, (I) see 也有一些中英文對應(yīng)的擬聲詞咯咯地笑 giggle 流水潺潺 babble嘶嘶地 hiss喵喵地叫 meow咕咕地叫 cu

9、ckoorattle 尖利聲crack 爆裂聲rumble 隆隆聲哧哧作響 sizzle沙沙聲 rustle雨滴聲 spatter車子“砰”的一下撞到了電線桿上。The car rolled _into the pole of electricity line. bang定義：對偶要求上下兩句結(jié)構(gòu)相同或相似，字?jǐn)?shù)相等，這種修辭格很難翻譯，基本采取意譯的方式。（有少數(shù)是可直譯的）無邊落木蕭蕭下，不盡長江滾滾來。The boundless forest shed its leaves shower by shower;The endless river rolls its waves hour a

10、fter hour.(許淵沖譯)利用語言同音同形但不同義的關(guān)系，使一句話擁有一明一暗，一真一假兩層含義。何處合成愁？離人心上秋。 Where comes sorrow? Autumn on the heart of those who apart. ,ndploss 有個農(nóng)村叫張家莊，張家莊有個張木匠。張木匠有個好老婆，外號叫“小飛娥”。“小飛娥”生了個女兒叫艾艾。There was a village called Zhangjia Village, where lived Carpenter Zhang, who had a good wife, nicknamed Little Moth

11、, who gave birth to a girl called Aiai.秦時明月漢時關(guān)， 萬里長征人未還。（王昌齡：從軍行之三）The age-old moon still shines oer the ancient Great Wall，But our frontier guardsmen have not come back at all. zjugm 定義：在上下文中，把適用于拿來說甲事物的詞語順便用來說乙事物。Example：蜜蜂是在釀蜜，也是在創(chuàng)造生活；不是為了自己，而是為了人類創(chuàng)造最甜的生活。Version1：While producing honey, they are

12、also adding such sweetness to human life instead of their own life.Version2:Making honey is also creating life, a most sweet life, not for themselves but for others. ,ntnome 定義：不直接說出要說的事物或人，而用相關(guān)物代替。Example：這對年輕夫婦并不相配，一個西施，一個張飛。This young couple is not well matched, one is a Xi Shi a famous Chinese b

13、eauty, while the other is a Zhang Fei a well-known ill-tempered brute. grfk 定義：把眼睛看到的形體如實描繪出來，主要是對大小，彎曲，長短，肥瘦，凹凸等方面的臨摹。Examples:1.三人品字形坐了，隨便談了幾句。The three men sat down facing each other and began casual chatting.意譯2.要他鉆進(jìn)這個“工”字形的洞口，是完全不可能的。It was just impossible for him to get into this I-shaped hole

14、.丁字板T-plate工字型 I-shaped工字鐵I-bar人字形herring bone pattern錘形軌跡T-track三角帶 V-belt弓形卡clamp丁形套管T-socket工字鋼I-steel十字線 cross-wire人字齒輪herring bone gear馬蹄螺栓 U-bolt三角板 set square槽鋼 U-steel叉形管Y-pipe定義:以名詞或名詞為中心的定名結(jié)構(gòu)組成，里面沒有動詞或形容詞，卻能敘事懷舊，寫景抒情。Example:枯藤老樹昏鴉，小橋流水人家，古道西風(fēng)瘦馬。夕陽西下，斷腸人在天涯。 馬致遠(yuǎn)天凈沙秋思枯藤老樹昏鴉，小橋流水人家，古道西風(fēng)瘦馬。夕陽西下，斷腸人在天涯。Crows hovering over rugged trees wreathed with rotten vine the day is about done.Yonder is tiny bridge over a spa