石油專業(yè)英語

1、目 錄 Content Content 一，鉆井工藝基本知識 Drilling basic knowledge 二，鉆機(jī)類型及組成 Rig type and composition一. . 鉆井施工基本知識 Basic knowledge of drilling construction 石油鉆井：是指利用專用設(shè)備和技術(shù)，在預(yù)先選定的地表位置處，向下或一側(cè)鉆出一定直徑的孔眼，一直達(dá)到地下油氣層的工作. Oil drilling: To drill certain diameter holes down or side to underground reservoir in pre-select

2、ed location using specialized equipment and technology.1、鉆井方法的發(fā)展 History of drilling 鉆井方法主要有： 1）人工掘井 2）人力沖擊鉆 3）機(jī)械頓鉆（沖鉆） 4）旋轉(zhuǎn)鉆井1）人工掘井：Manual drilling (dug well by hands): 1521年之前?？咳讼戮忛_巖石再將巖屑提出井外。這種鉆井方式在一定時間內(nèi)適應(yīng)于鹽井、油井，但存在速度慢、工期長、井壁易坍塌、井深導(dǎo)致人窒息等不足。 Before the year of 1521. By people under well to cut ro

3、ck cuttings well are put forward.Adapt to this way of drilling in a certain time in the brine well, the well, but there is slow and long construction period, easy to collapse, well depth of shaft wall, cause people suffocation, etc2）人力沖擊鉆：Manual impact drill: 15211835年，是靠人力、撈砂筒、 特殊鉆頭、懸繩、游梁等來完成的。 Bet

4、ween the year of 1521 to 1835, drill holes by hand, bailer, special bits, hanging rope and beam, etc.3）機(jī)械頓鉆（沖鉆）：Mechanical percussion drilling (chopping drilling): 18591901年，靠機(jī)械沖擊作用 破巖，破巖和清巖相間進(jìn)行。 Between the year of 1859 to 1901, an earlier method of drilling used before the introduction of modern r

5、otary methods. The bit used to break rock was not rotated but reciprocated by means of a strong wire rope. Rock breaking and cuttings clearing are conducted by turn. 4）旋轉(zhuǎn)鉆井： Rotary drilling: 發(fā)展于1901年，靠動力帶動鉆頭旋轉(zhuǎn)，在旋轉(zhuǎn)的過程中破碎井底巖石， 同時循環(huán)鉆井液以清潔井底的鉆井方法。旋轉(zhuǎn)鉆井又分為轉(zhuǎn)盤鉆井、井下動力鉆具鉆井、頂部驅(qū)動旋轉(zhuǎn)鉆井。 Developed in the year of 1

6、901; to break rocks by power driven rotating bit and clean well by circulating drilling fluid. Rotary drilling includes rotary table drilling, downhole power drilling and top-drive rotary drilling. 2、鉆井施工工序 Drilling procedures1）鉆井就是利用鉆機(jī)設(shè)備及破巖工具破碎地層形成井 筒的工藝過程，目地是進(jìn)行地質(zhì)評價、發(fā)現(xiàn)油氣藏、開發(fā)油氣藏。 Drilling is the pro

7、cess of breaking formation by rig and rock-breaking tools to conduct geological evaluation, search for oil and gas reservoirs and develop oil and gas reservoirs. 施工工序:鉆進(jìn)洗井接單根起下鉆完鉆. Procedures： Drilling ahead clean hole make up a joint round trip finishing drilling .2）固井就是向井內(nèi)下入一定尺寸的套管串，并在其周 圍注入高壓水泥漿，

8、把套管固定到井壁上，避免井壁坍塌。 Cementation is the process of placement of liquid slurry of cement and water outside the casing run in the hole. It helps to fix casing to borehole wall against collapse. 施工工序：下套管至預(yù)定深度裝水泥頭循環(huán)泥漿接地面管線打隔離液注水泥頂膠塞替泥漿碰壓注水泥結(jié)束候凝。 Procedures: run casing to scheduled depth Pick up cementing h

9、ead. Circulate mud 、 Connecting ground pipeline Pump spacer Cement Pump down the plug Displace cementing Bump plug Complete cementing Wait on cement . 二. .鉆機(jī)類型及組成 Rig types and componentsRig types and components 1、類型： 根據(jù)鉆井深度分為淺井鉆機(jī)、中 深井鉆機(jī)、深井鉆機(jī)，根據(jù)驅(qū)動方式分為機(jī)械驅(qū)動鉆機(jī)、電驅(qū)動鉆機(jī)，根據(jù)搬遷方式分為撬裝鉆機(jī)和車裝鉆機(jī)。 Divided into thre

10、e types: shallow well rig, medium depth well rig, deep well rig according to different drilling depth divided into two types: mechanical driven rig and electric driven rig according to different driven way.; divided into two types: skid-mounted rig and truck mounted rig according to different moving

11、 way. 1）、機(jī)械驅(qū)動鉆機(jī)類型及特點(diǎn) Mechanical driven rig types and features 類型：機(jī)械驅(qū)動鉆機(jī)是指以柴油機(jī)為動力，通過液力變矩器、鏈條、齒輪、三角膠帶等不 同組合的傳動形式所驅(qū)動的鉆機(jī)，主要包括齒輪傳動、膠帶傳動和鏈條傳動三種形式，具有制造方便成本低的特點(diǎn)。 Type: Mechanical driven rig is a diesel powered rig driven by various combinations of hydraulic torque converter, chains, gears, triangle tapes. I

12、t has three transmission ways: gear transmission ,tape transmission and chain transmission .It has features such as convenient manufacturing and low cost. 2）、電驅(qū)動鉆機(jī)類型及特點(diǎn) Types and features of electric driven rigs 類型：電驅(qū)動鉆機(jī)包括直流電機(jī)驅(qū)動和交流變頻電機(jī)驅(qū)動兩種形式。 電驅(qū)動鉆機(jī)具有傳 動柔和、調(diào)速性能好、操作方便靈活、模塊體積小、安裝移運(yùn)方便、可靠性高、噪音小、 污染小、節(jié)能等特

13、點(diǎn)。 Type: Electric driven rig includes two types: DC motor driven rig and AC variable frequency motor driven rig. Electric driven rig has features such as soft transmission, good speed performance, flexible operation, small module, convenient installation and movement, high reliability, low noise, li

14、ttle pollution and energy-saving.2、組成： 石油鉆機(jī)主要由動力機(jī)、傳動機(jī)、工作機(jī)及輔助設(shè)備組成。一般有八大系統(tǒng)即：起升系統(tǒng)、旋轉(zhuǎn)系統(tǒng)、鉆井液循環(huán)系統(tǒng)、傳動系統(tǒng)、控制系統(tǒng)、動力驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)、鉆機(jī)底座、鉆機(jī)輔助設(shè)備系統(tǒng)，具備起下鉆能力、旋轉(zhuǎn)鉆進(jìn)能力、循環(huán)洗井能力。 The engine, transmission system, operating machine and all associated equipment required to drill a well, including eight systems: the elevator system, the rotating syste