生物多樣性減少

1、Reduction of Biodiversity One of the Eight One of the Eight Environmental Problems Environmental Problems 制作者：黃娟、張葉、陳周、黃國威、龔雨龍Reasons for reductionWhat is Biodiversity？give an exampleimportancehow to do？What is BiodiversityBiodiversity refers to all creatures in a certain time and a certain area (an

2、imal, plant, microorganism) species and their genetic variability and complexity of general ecologicalsystem. It mainly includes genetic (genetic diversity), species diversity, ecosystem diversity in three levels.A ghastly sightOn earth since 3 billion 500 million years ago, life, the existing 500 m

3、illion species, most species have gone. As a kind of natural phenomenon of the evolutionary history of life on earth, this is normal events, such as 250 million years ago, trilobites, the dinosaurs 65 million years ago have been cigarette ash.But since mankind entered the industrial society, cavalie

4、rly participation nature things after the extinction of schedule much earlier. The geological age of the extinction rate is extremely slow, with an average of 300 years of extinction of 1 kinds of birds, mammals extinction 1. An average of 8000 years from 1600 to 1700, every 10 years the extinction

5、of 1 species of animal; from 1850 to 1950 the average extinction rate, and for a year, which has more than 100 kinds of animal extinction, and this is also the trend of extinction acceleration.Since 1600, recording data on animal extinction is striking: 120 species of mammals and 250 species of bird

6、s has ceased to exist. According to a report by the United Nations Environment Programme, the world every minute 1 species extinction, there are 1 kinds of animal extinction situation every day, decreasing this biodiversity is. Is a serious warning about the survival status and quality of life on ea

7、rth!The Reason for the decrease of biodiversityExcessive destruction of ecological environment human deforestation Human pollution environment human killing animals Excessive exploitation and utilization Human consumption of energy too much Invasive alien speciesatmospheric pollution Heavily pollute

8、d river waterTransition grazing caused soil desertificationoverfishingCasesAlien species invasionAs our food in potato, tomato, sesame, pumpkin, sweet potato, celery and other trees in Britain; Acacia, Indus, torch tree; animal feed in alfalfa; animal in trout, bay Scallop in Shell, these species in

9、to exotic benefits is greater than the harm. However, for the ecological balance and biodiversity in terms of biological invasion is a disruption of ecological balance, because any area of ecological balance and biodiversity is the result of billions of years of evolution, this balance once disrupte

10、d, will lose control and cause harm.CasesHabitat fragmentationDaily (1995) on human activities caused by degradation and decline of biodiversity ecosystem were sorted: over exploitation (including direct damage and environmental pollution etc.) accounted for 35%, accounted for 30% of deforestation,

11、agricultural activities accounted for 28%, excessive harvest fuelwood accounted for 6%, bio industry accounted for 1%. of which the first three human activities accounted for 93%. The most intuitive damage as a result of species habitat fragmentation, habitat Insularization. Reduction of biodiversit

12、y depends on the ecosystem structure or process disturbance degree, such as the human resource acquisition process of plants (such as excessive interference effects of irrigation water cycle, plant more fertilizer effect of creatures on the earth chemical cycle) than the direct interference of produ

13、cers or consumers (such as logging or hunting) has a greater negative effect. Generally, the composition has not been completely destroyed before the elimination of interference in the ecological system, ecological system The degradation will stop and start the recovery (such as the restoration of f

14、orest small cut), biodiversity may increase; but being destroyed in the process of ecological function system after the exclusion of interference, degeneration of ecological system is very difficult to stop, and may exacerbate (such as fire mountain after restoration of forests). The significance of

15、 biological diversityThe meaning of biodiversity is mainly reflected in the value of biological diversity. For human beings, the biological diversity has the direct use value, indirect use value and potential use value.Direct valueBiological provides food for human, fiber, building materials and oth

16、er industrial raw materials and furniture. Biodiversity has aesthetic value, can cultivate peoples sentiments, beautify peoples life. If there is no colorful universe of 1,000,000,000 universes and plants in the air of different animal, leisure and tourism people are flat and uninteresting. It is ma

17、gnificent and beautiful the well-known mountains and rivers is matched with the flower is riotous with colour, it is good to hear or see, the beauty away. In addition, biodiversity can inspire people to literary and artistic creation inspiration.Indirect use valueIndirect use value: refers to the in

18、direct use value of biodiversity has important ecological functions. No matter what kind of ecosystem, wildlife is one of the essential component. In the ecosystem, with interdependence and mutual restraint relationship between wildlife, which together maintain the structure and function of ecologic

19、al system of wild. Biological once reduced, the stability of ecosystems will be destroyed, the survival of the human environment will be affected Potential use valueFor medicinal use, 80% of the population of developing countries depends on the traditional medicine provided by plants or animals to e

20、nsure basic health, and 40% of the drugs used in western medicine contain substances originally found in wild plants.We live in this wonderful world around but there is a wide variety of biological species. And these are too many to count, they are our good friends, but also to maintain the ecological balance of the security, but in twenty-first Century today, more and more biological destruction. How do you do it? nationality：As far as possible to establish a nature reserve, increase the protection of biological diversity of publicity. Enforce a ban on wild reclamation. T