浪漫主義音樂(西方文化)

1、ROMANTICISMMusic Background The Early Romantics The Later RomanticsMiddle of the 19th Century The Romantic Movement in music, which dominated the period about 1830 to about 1900,was not an isolated phenomenon. It was merely part of a general movement, which, all over Europe, especially in Germany an

2、d France, affected all arts. It is noticeable that at this period the arts of literature and painting began to exercise more directly and powerfully than ever before, an influence upon that of music, resulting in the creation of a vast amount of program music and such expressive compositions as art

3、songs and various operas. Romantic music allowed freedom of form and stress strong feeling, imagination, the love of nature and the use of national folk rhythms. Schubert, Chopin, Schumann, and Mendelssohn were among the early Romantics, with Beethoven as their forerunner. Ludwig van Beethoven (1770

4、1827) German composer. In his youth he had absorbed the spirit of Kants philosophy and Schillers enthusiasm for art as a force to elevate mankind. Throughout his life Beethoven struggled to pass on through his music ideas of a moral nature. He inherited what Haydn and Mozart had skillfully developed

5、 in musical composition, and started and rose from where the two men left off to those proud summits where none but he was destined to reach. He played a more decisive role in the evolution of music than any other single figure, not excepting Bach. His most important contributions to the musical wor

6、ld were in those musical forms associated with the growth of the sonata. He brought to it depths of expressiveness it had not known before, especially in the composition of the symphony, which was to emerge fully as a repository for a composers most important ideas. His Symphony No.6 (Pastoral) mark

7、ed the beginning of 19th-century program music. His treatment of the piano established it as an instrument quite distinct in range of expression and sustaining quality from its predecessors. And his use of the orchestra went far from the modesty in treatment of which Haydn and Mozart had expressed t

8、heir more numerous but lighter essays. Franz Schubert (17971828) Austrian composer. He wrote a great many beautiful works on a large scale, but it is perhaps for his exquisitely beautiful songs (more than 600) that he is historically most important. He was the first great figure in the history of th

9、e German Lied (art song), a combination of poetry and music. Frdric Chopin (18101849) Polish composer. Chopin virtually ignored the large forms of Viennese composers, confining his creative efforts to the piano upon which he could display his personal talents as a poetic musician and performer. He s

10、tood in the same relation to piano music that Handel did to the oratorio, Mozart to the concerto and opera, Beethoven to the symphony, and Schubert to the Lied. The expression of national feeling was common in the Romantic Movement and in his Polish works. Robert Schumann (18101856) German composer.

11、 The Romantic School in music owes much to Schumann. He stood as the typical example of the influence of literature upon music. His genius also found its most characteristic expression in his music for the piano and his works were full of imagination. He went a good deal further than most towardsind

12、ividualization and program music. Felix Mendelssohn (18091847) German composer. He was a good painter, had wide literary knowledge, and wrote brilliantly. He was also a master in painting landscapes in music, a fine example of which can be found in the overture Fingals Cave. Johannes Brahms (1833189

13、7) German composer. It is generally agreed that the ideal combination of the romantic and the classic in music was found in Johannes Brahms, who has rightly become one of the most popular of all symphonic composers. Brahms belongs with Bach and Beethoven in the mighty triumvirate of the “Three Bs.” Peter Ilitch Tchaikovsky (18401893) Russian composer. There are many different opinions on the music of Tchaikovsky. His love of Russia was always intense. Like the Polish Chopin, the fate of his unhappy country sank deep into his consci