歐洲中世紀(jì)英文版(The middle age)

1、General Introduction Political and Religion aspectsCulture and Art aspectsPeoples life in the Middle Agesdated from:The fall of the Western Roman EmpireThe British bourgeois revolution broke out In 476 AD - 1453 AD No central government to keep the order. The Christianity continued to gain widesprea

2、d power and influence. In the Late Middle Ages, almost everyone in western Europe was a Christian and a member of Christian church. Christianity took the lead in politics, law, art, and learning for hundreds of years. Middle Ages is also called “Dark Ages”, because after Uncivilized Germanics conque

3、red the Rome, they made both peoples living standard and spiritual standard drop to a very low point. Thats a kind of “countermarch of civilizationPolitical and Religion Feudalism1. The Manor (封建領(lǐng)主的）領(lǐng)地、莊園封建領(lǐng)主的）領(lǐng)地、莊園 2. Knighthood (騎兵身份騎兵身份)and code of Chivalry( 騎兵制度騎兵制度)ReligionThe organization of c

4、hurch 2.The power and influence of the Catholic Church1.The Manor The centre of medieval life under feudalism was the manor. Manors were founded on the fiefs（封地） of the lord（領(lǐng)主）. Some lords owned only one manor; others owned many. They lived in manor houses. The manor house originally consisted of b

5、ig rooms with ahigh ceiling and a straw-covered floor. By 12th century, manor houses were made of stone and designed as fortresses(堡壘)。They came to be called castles. Medieval Europe was dotted with castles.2. Knighthood and code of ChivalryAlmost all nobles in the Medieval days were knights Code of

6、 Chivalry: As a knight, he was pledged to protect the weak, to fight for the church, to be loyal to his lord and respect woman of noble birth. Pope ( supreme head 教皇) Archbishops （province大教 主） Bishops （diocese 主教） Priests （parish 牧師The organization of churchThe Power and Influence of the Catholic C

7、hurchUnder feudalism, people of western Europe were mainly divided into three classes: clergy, lords and peasants.The Medieval Church was the centre of daily life in the country and town alike, and it had a part in all important events. The art of middle age is based on religion to show the concept

8、of feelings and ideas.Byzantine artRomannesque artGothic art Nature economyThe economic religion : Mediterranean sea Low living conditions Invasion of savage conquerors Economic system Spiritual life Dull and boring Forbiddance of western churchThe Crusades17The Crusades: a series of holy wars many people went on journeys to sacred places to express their religious feelings. in 107