高考英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)（沐風(fēng)書(shū)屋）

1、高考英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)的考點(diǎn)1教學(xué)育人時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的主要考點(diǎn)1、考查在語(yǔ)境中判斷動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的運(yùn)用能力。?？嫉臅r(shí) 態(tài)為：一般現(xiàn)在、一般過(guò)去、一般將來(lái)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn) 行、過(guò)去進(jìn)行、現(xiàn)在完成、過(guò)去完成、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn) 行、過(guò)去將來(lái)等。2、時(shí)間、條件、讓步等狀語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)；主從 句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)問(wèn)題。3、持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞的用法區(qū)別。4、及物動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。5、系動(dòng)詞的用法特點(diǎn)。6、某些以主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義的動(dòng)詞的用法。2教學(xué)育人 時(shí)態(tài)共有四種體（form）:完成體、一般體、進(jìn)行體和完成進(jìn)行體。時(shí)間(time)也有四種：現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去、將來(lái)和過(guò)去將來(lái)。3教學(xué)育人最常用的幾種時(shí)態(tài)與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的搭配一般現(xiàn)在every , so

2、metimes,at , on Sunday 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行now, 現(xiàn)在完成for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past years, always, recently 一般過(guò)去yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now 過(guò)去進(jìn)行this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening wh

3、en, while 過(guò)去完成before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as 一般將來(lái)next, tomorrow, in 過(guò)去將來(lái)多用在間接引語(yǔ)中表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作以后的動(dòng)作4教學(xué)育人16種時(shí)態(tài)一般時(shí)進(jìn)行時(shí)完成時(shí)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在過(guò)去將來(lái)過(guò)去將來(lái)study/studiesam（is,are） studyinghave(has) studiedhave(has) been studyingstudiedwas(were)studyinghad studiedhad been studyingwill(shall)studywill (shall)be

4、 studyingwill (shall)have studiedwill (shall)have beenstudyingwould(should)studywould (should) be studyingwould (should) have studiedwould (should) have been studying5教學(xué)育人1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的特點(diǎn)：表慣性動(dòng)作、表目前狀態(tài)、表真理或(已故)重要人物的觀(guān)點(diǎn)、表將來(lái)、表傳媒或藝術(shù)作品的現(xiàn)時(shí)性等。Everybody eats, drinks, and sleeps every day. (表慣性動(dòng)作)The poor old lady al

5、ways tells us the same story every time she meets us. (表慣性動(dòng)作)The old folk live in the distant area. (表目前狀態(tài))Time and tide wait for no man. (表真理)Ill show you the picture the moment you come. (表將來(lái))Cao Xueqin is the author of the great novel, “The Red Mansion”. （表藝術(shù)作品的現(xiàn)時(shí)性 ）When do the trains leave? （表將來(lái)

6、）1：I_ping-pong ball quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year. A. will play B. have played C. played D. play (答案：D)2：They have a good knowledge of English but little _ _ they know about German. A. have B. did C. had D. do (答案：D)/mn()n/ 大廈；宅邸6教學(xué)育人2一般過(guò)去時(shí)的特點(diǎn)：表過(guò)去時(shí)段的慣性動(dòng)作、代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)（在部分狀語(yǔ)從

7、句中）、表過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)段的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作等。When Mary was in England, she often went to the Museum.(表過(guò)去時(shí)段的慣性動(dòng)作)He told me that they would not go out for swimming if it rained tomorrow. (代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí))Father used to tell us a story after supper when my brother and I were young. (強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)比) 1：I _you not to move my dictionarynow I cant f

8、ind it. A. asked B. ask C. was asking D. had asked (答案：A) 2：My mind wasnt on what he was saying so Im afraid I _half of it.A. was missing B. had missed C. will miss D. missed (答案：D)7教學(xué)育人3現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特點(diǎn): 表正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、表將來(lái)、表情緒色彩、表現(xiàn)階段發(fā)生的慣性動(dòng)作等。頻度副詞always, constantly, continually和forever等和進(jìn)行時(shí)連用時(shí)，給現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去的動(dòng)作披上一層感情色彩，并

9、不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作在進(jìn)行。表示討厭、不滿(mǎn)，帶有埋怨情緒，指責(zé)某人一貫的行徑，如：He is forever boasting.他老愛(ài)說(shuō)大話(huà)。表示稱(chēng)贊對(duì)方一貫表現(xiàn)的，如：You are always doing well.你總是干得很不錯(cuò)。 Its now raining outside. (表正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作)Liu Huan is giving a pop concert in Beijing next month. (表將來(lái))You are always forgetting my name! (表情緒色彩)He is walking up and down the room. （表現(xiàn)階段發(fā)生的慣性

10、動(dòng)作） 1： Are you still busy? Yes, I _ my work, and it wont take long.Ajust finish Bam just finishing Chave just finished Dam just going to finish (答案：B)2： Because the shop_, all the T-shirts are sold at half price. A. has closed down B. closed downC. is closing down D. had closed down (答案：C)8教學(xué)育人用于現(xiàn)在完

11、成時(shí)的句型 1）It is the first / second time. that結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。It is the first time that I have visited the city.It was the third time that the boy had been late. 注意比較 Its time that 結(jié)構(gòu)： It is high time that we went to school.9教學(xué)育人2）This is the that結(jié)構(gòu)，that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí). This is the best film that Ive (ever)

12、 seen. 這是我看過(guò)的最好的電影。This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing. 這是我第一次聽(tīng)他唱歌。 10教學(xué)育人典型例題(1) - Do you know our town at all? - No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming (2) - Have you _ been to our town before? - No, its the first time I _ here. A. even, come B.

13、even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come 注意：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。即動(dòng)作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。（錯(cuò)）I have received his letter for a month.（對(duì)）I havent received his letter for almost a month. BD11教學(xué)育人4過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的特點(diǎn): 表過(guò)去某時(shí)刻的正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、表過(guò)去某階段正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)、表示對(duì)比或原因。She was doing her homework when her mother came

14、home after work in the evening. (表過(guò)去某時(shí)刻的正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作)He was writing a novel last month. (表過(guò)去某階段正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作)Tom said that he was going for the picnic on the riverside. (代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)) 1：What were you doing when Tony phoned you?I had just finished my work and _to take a shower. A .had started B. startedC. have start

15、ed D. was starting(答案：D) 2： Whats wrong with your coat? Just now when I wanted to get off the bus, the man next to me _ on it.A. sat B. had satC. had been sitting D. was sitting(答案：D)12教學(xué)育人5一般將來(lái)時(shí)的特點(diǎn)： 表純粹將來(lái)(一定會(huì)做)、表計(jì)劃將來(lái)（打算去做）、表意愿將來(lái)（愿意去做）等。Senior Bush will retire from his work next year. (表純粹將來(lái))The gra

16、duates are to go back to college next week. (表計(jì)劃將來(lái))I will love you till the end of time. (表意愿將來(lái)) 1：-Youve left the light on.-Oh, so I have. _and turn it off. AIll go BIve gone CI go DIm going (答案：A) 2：Did you tell Julia about the result? Oh, no, I forgot. I _ her now.Awill be calling Bwill call Ccal

17、l Dam to call (答案：B)13教學(xué)育人6現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的特點(diǎn): 表業(yè)已發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)、在某些狀語(yǔ)從句中表將來(lái)或?qū)?lái)完成時(shí)、用于某些特殊的句型或結(jié)構(gòu)。a)注意標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)問(wèn)題（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)可分為兩種：其一為精確性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：for, in the past/last year, since等；其二為模糊性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ): before, now, today, recently, lately, already等等。）b)另外還要注意動(dòng)詞的時(shí)間分類(lèi)問(wèn)題（瞬間動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的搭配問(wèn)題）Mr. Smith has taught English for nearly th

18、irty years. (表某一動(dòng)作的延續(xù)至說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)止)Dont get off the train until it has stopped. (表將來(lái))This is the best beer that I have drunk. (特殊結(jié)構(gòu))It is the second time that I have come to England. (特殊句型)14教學(xué)育人1：The coffee is wonderful! It doesnt taste like anything I _ before .Awas having BhaveChave ever had Dhad ever ha

19、d (答案：C)2: More patients_in hospital this year than last year. A. treated B. have treatedC. had been treated D. have been treated(答案：D)3: Years ago we didnt know this, but recent science _that people who dont sleep well soon get ill. A. showed B. has shownC. will show D. is showing (答案：B)15教學(xué)育人7過(guò)去完成

20、時(shí): 對(duì)過(guò)去完成時(shí)的理解可有兩種：過(guò)去完成時(shí)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的過(guò)去時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)是過(guò)去時(shí)的過(guò)去時(shí)。過(guò)去完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)問(wèn)題：由by引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，部分適合現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，某些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)（ no sooner than, hardlywhen, scarcelywhen等）。He had received a heavy slap before he realized what had happened.（過(guò)去時(shí)的過(guò)去時(shí)）The headmaster told us that he had already known the accident. (現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的過(guò)去時(shí))1：He kept l

21、ooking at her, wondering whether he _ her somewhere.A. saw B. has seen C. sees D. had seen (答案：D)2：He was hoping to go abroad but his parents _ that they wont support him unless he can borrow money from the bank. Awere deciding Bhave decided Cdecided Dwill decide (答案：B)16教學(xué)育人8被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與時(shí)態(tài): 在英語(yǔ)中被動(dòng)，語(yǔ)態(tài)共有10種

22、時(shí)態(tài)，但高考中考查通常只有在完成體和一般體中，進(jìn)行體的被動(dòng)形式較少考到，例如，今年全部試題中僅一例。1：The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _ to eat more fruit and vegetables. A. persuade B. will persuadeC. be persuaded D. are persuaded (答案：D)2：Millions of pounds worth of damage_by a storm which swept across the

23、north of England last night. A. has been caused B. had been causedC. will be caused D. will have been caused (答案：A)17教學(xué)育人9被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞: 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)很難成為獨(dú)立的考點(diǎn)，通常只能和時(shí)態(tài)或非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞聯(lián)合考查。因此，講被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不能不提到非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。從時(shí)間的角度講，-ing形式和 ed形式可稱(chēng)為現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞，而從語(yǔ)態(tài)的角度講，-ing形式和 ed形式則可稱(chēng)為主動(dòng)分詞和被動(dòng)分詞。被動(dòng)分詞就經(jīng)常成為考點(diǎn)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與動(dòng)詞不定式的關(guān)系這里從略。1：The managers di

24、scussed the plan that they would like to see the next year.Acarry out Bcarrying outCcarried out Dto carry out (答案：C)2：The Olympic Games,_in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first playedC. first played D. to be first playing(答案：C)3：_ in thought, he almost

25、ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose (答案：C)18教學(xué)育人10主動(dòng)的形式表被動(dòng)的意義: 在英語(yǔ)中，有些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)可以是主動(dòng)的形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)的意義。其一，在動(dòng)詞need, want, require等動(dòng)詞之后，可接-ing形式表被動(dòng)的意義。The bicycle requires repairing. (=to be repaired)其二，在句型 It is worth doing中，-ing形式表被動(dòng)之意。例如This film is worth seeing.其三，在形容詞

26、easy, hard, difficult, good, nice, pleasant, interesting, fit等之后，其動(dòng)詞不定式主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。例如：The water here is fit to drink.其四，有些動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。例如：let, write, wear, run, begin, shut, read, sell, wash, record, open等動(dòng)詞是以不及物而表被動(dòng)。The new book of the former president of America Bill Clinton sells very well.Your pen rea

27、lly writes smoothly.1：-What do you think of the book?-Oh, excellent. Its worth_a second time. A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read (答案：C)19教學(xué)育人11被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與部分動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ): 在英語(yǔ)中，有些動(dòng)詞永無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，而這一點(diǎn)是中國(guó)學(xué)生最感不能接受的。例如：happen, remain, break out, take place, occur等。另外，幾個(gè)知覺(jué)類(lèi)的聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞亦無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，即：look, feel, sound, smell

28、, taste等。Tasting nice, the fruit is from Viet Name. (不能用tasted)A fire broke out in the factory where he once worked. （不用was broken out）12被動(dòng)的形式表主動(dòng)的意義：有些動(dòng)詞由于能接反身代詞，因此，可用被動(dòng)形式表主動(dòng)的意義。此類(lèi)形式更多地用于非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考查中，這里作為應(yīng)掌握的形式列出。例如：devote, surprise, seat, hide, station, lost, dress等He was devoted to his work.Little Fr

29、anz saw many villagers seated at the back of the classroom. 20教學(xué)育人4、狀語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題高考題點(diǎn)擊：1. - Can I join the club, Dad? - You can when you _ a bit older. (94 N) A. get B. will get C. are getting D. will have got說(shuō)明：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中沒(méi)有將來(lái)時(shí)，需用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)替代一般將來(lái)時(shí)。A21教學(xué)育人2. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be wate

30、red if they _. (2001上海) A. have survivedB. are to survive C. would surviveD. will surviveB說(shuō)明：條件狀語(yǔ)從句中不用將來(lái)時(shí)，但 be to 結(jié)構(gòu)不屬于將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)形式。22教學(xué)育人3. He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _ from the university next year. (2002上海) A. will graduateB. will have graduated C. graduates D. is to gr

31、aduate說(shuō)明：by the time 引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，故不能使用將來(lái)時(shí)。D選項(xiàng)雖可考慮，但 be to 結(jié)構(gòu)大多用來(lái)表示“義務(wù)、決定、職責(zé)、約定”等，與句意不合。C23教學(xué)育人4. It _ long before we _ the result of the experiment. (2002上海春季) A. will not be, will know B. is, will know C. will not be, know D. is, knowC說(shuō)明：before 引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，無(wú)將來(lái)時(shí)，而主句應(yīng)該用將來(lái)時(shí)。24教學(xué)育人一.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以與表示時(shí)間段的狀語(yǔ)連用。 表示時(shí)間段的短語(yǔ)有:for+一段時(shí)間,for 2 years; since從句,since he came here; since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)名詞,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。 例:He has lived here for 6 years. You can k