Unit5Thevalueofmoney單元語法精講練（解析版）

1、【新教材】2020學(xué)年高一英語新教材必修第三冊同步練習(xí)材料(人教版)Unit5 the value of money情態(tài)動詞和過去將來時情W動詞情態(tài)動詞表示說話人對某一動作或狀態(tài)的態(tài)度。初中階段大家已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了一些情態(tài)動 詞，這里將對情態(tài)動詞的特征、功能和用法進(jìn)行總結(jié)。L情態(tài)動詞的基本特征(1)在形式上，情態(tài)動詞沒有實(shí)義動詞的各種變化，只有could, would, had to, might 等幾個過去式，其他情態(tài)動詞如must、ought to等的過去式皆與現(xiàn)在式同形。(2)在意義上，大多數(shù)情態(tài)動詞有多個意義，如can可以表達(dá)“能力；可能；許可” 等。在用法上，情態(tài)動詞與助動詞一樣，需后接動

2、詞原形，構(gòu)成謂語動詞。2 .情態(tài)動詞的否認(rèn)式及縮略形式3 .情態(tài)動詞的主要表意功能情態(tài)動詞否認(rèn)式縮略形式情態(tài)動詞否認(rèn)式縮略形式cancannot/can notcantshallshall notshantcouldcould notcouldntsouldshould notshouldntmaymay not/willwill notwontmightmight notmightntwouldwould notwouldntmustmust notmustntneedneed notneedn*tdaredare notdarentought toought not tooughtnt t

3、o用法例句表不能力The little boy can read and write.I could feel the ground shaking.表示可能和推 測Those of you who are familiar with the game will know this.They made a bet which would settle their argument.Oh, you must be Sylvias husband.It may seem lucky to you but not to me.That might not be true.There ought to

4、 be enough space for all of us.表不許可或禁 止You can go off duty now.You cant open it until two oclock.You may not smoke here.You shouldnt take her help for granted.You mustnt do that.表示發(fā)出指示 或提出請求Will you please take her to the library?Could you offer me work here?Can I ask a question?May we ask what your

5、e doing in this country?表示提出幫助 或發(fā)出邀請Will you stay for lunch?Wouldnt you like to come with me?May I help you?Shall I put it in a box?表示提出建議You could ask the teacher for help.You should write him a letter.The cookies Susan made are delicious, you ought to try some.表示愿望Would you recommend the play to o

6、ther people?I would like to know the date.I d love to go to your birthday party.Id rather not pay you now.表示義務(wù)和需要You must come at once.We have to wear uniforms at school.I ought to be on my way.4 .情態(tài)動詞難點(diǎn)透視英語中的情態(tài)動詞雖然為數(shù)不多，但是要掌握好它們的用法并不容易。下面結(jié)合同學(xué) 們在使用情態(tài)動詞時不易掌握的難點(diǎn)談幾點(diǎn)看法。(1)can表示可能性時，指的是理論上的可能，它通常不用來表示某事實(shí)際

7、發(fā)生的可 能性或真實(shí)性。如：Accidents can happen.Anybody can make mistakes.如果我們要表達(dá)某事發(fā)生的實(shí)際可能性，要用may, could或might等。We may spend our summer holidays in Hangzhou this year.Will you answer the telephone? It could/may/might be your mother.could用來征求意見時，語氣要比can委婉，但在回答下列問題時我們不能用could,因?yàn)?語氣委婉，可能性就變小了。如：一Could I use your te

8、lephone?一Yes, please go ahead.在過去時態(tài)的肯定句中需要某種條件或努力做成某事，我們要用was/were able to而不能用couldo如:It was a holiday and the children were able to go to the seaside.The girl worked hard so she was able to pass the final test.（2聞悶與110都可以表示“必須”的意思，但要注意以下兩點(diǎn)區(qū)別。must只有現(xiàn)在時，而have to有現(xiàn)在時、過去時和將來時。如：We must work hard, or we

9、ll fail in the examination.Years ago, the poor girl had to leave school for lack of money.must表示主觀看法，have to那么側(cè)重于客觀需要。如：We must be strict with ourselves in everything.In cities with many cars, some people have to wear masks.（3）must表示推測時，其反意疑問句有好幾種形式。“must+動詞原形”對目前的情 況進(jìn)行推測時以及用must+be+s-ing形式對目前正在發(fā)生的情

10、況進(jìn)行推測時，疑問短語 局部要與must之后的動詞相一致。如：The mathematics teacher must be in the office now, isnt he?“must+have +過去分詞”用來表示對已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行推論。如果句子中有過 去的時間狀語,疑問局部用助動詞didnt；否那么，疑問局部用havent或hasnt。如：The children must have watered the tomatoes yesterday, didnt they?The minister must have arrived in Shanghai, hasnt he?（4）s

11、hall可以用來征求對方意見，用于第一、三人稱。此外它也可以用來表示說話人的 命令、警告、允諾、威脅或決心等，這時它用于第二、三人稱。如：Shall she go to the concert with us this evening?（征求意見）You shall go to the front at once.（命令）Dont worry.You shall get the answer this very afternoon.（允諾）He shall be sorry one day.I tell you.（警告）Nothing shall stop us from fighting a

12、gainst pollution.（決心）（5）在表示將來的時間、條件狀語從句中，不能用win（這時的will不是情態(tài)動詞，而是 助動詞，幫助構(gòu)成將來時）。如：If it will rain tomorrow, we shall not go to the mountain village.（誤）If it rains tomorrow, we shall not go to the mountain village.（IE）當(dāng)情態(tài)動詞will表示意愿或決心時，是可以用于條件狀語從句的。如：If you will listen to me, Ill give you some advice o

13、n how to learn English.If you will come this way, the manager will meet you.（6）should除表示必要或義務(wù)外，還可表示推測或可能。如：The American friends should be here now.should/ought to + have+過去分詞”既可表示本該做而事實(shí)上沒有做的事，也可以表 示驚訝、責(zé)備、贊嘆等情緒。如：You should have told her about it the day before yesterday.Its wonderful that you should

14、 have achieved so much in these years.“情態(tài)動詞+have +過去分詞”是很重要的一種句型,除should外，may, might, must, couldnt, neednt, ought to等都可以用于這一句型，但要注意使用不同的情態(tài)動詞句 子的意思就有所不同。(7)ought to與should意思接近，大多數(shù)情況下二者可以互換，但是should談的是自己的 主觀看法，ought to那么更多反映客觀情況，在談到法律、義務(wù)和規(guī)定時使用。如：We should/ought to help each other and learn from each

15、other in our work.She is your mother, so you ought to support her.We ought to go and see Mary tomorrow, but I dont think we will.(8)need用作情態(tài)動詞，僅用于否認(rèn)句和疑問句，而不用于肯定句。在肯定句中要用 must, have to, should, ought to或?qū)eed當(dāng)作行為動詞使用。如：We need report the matter to the boss immediately.(誤)We must report the matter to

16、the boss immediately.(正)We need to report the matter to the boss immediately.(IE)(9)dare與need的用法dare作為情態(tài)動詞，主要用于疑問句、否認(rèn)句和條件從句中，一般不用于肯定句。How dare you say Im unfair?He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he?If he dare break the rule, he will be punished.need表示“需要”或“必須”，作情態(tài)動詞用時，僅用于否認(rèn)句或疑問句、條件從

17、句中。意為“有必要”。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to或should代替。You neednt come so early.一Need I finish the work today?一Yes, you must./No, you needn*t.If you need go there, please let me know.dare和need常用作實(shí)義動詞，有時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化。所不同的是，在肯定句 中，dare后面通常接帶to的不定式；在否認(rèn)和疑問句中，dare后可接帶to或不帶to的不定 式。a. I dare to swim across the ri

18、ver.b He doesnt dare(to)answer.We need time and money.The dining room needs/wants/requires cleaning every day.= The dining room needs/wants/requires to be cleaned every day.Does he need to take the medicine three times a day?(10)需要注意的幾點(diǎn)：表示猜想，can 一般不用于肯定句中，除非是“經(jīng)驗(yàn)之談”。這時can可以表示客觀 的可能性，并不牽涉具體的事情是否會發(fā)生；要表

19、示某事發(fā)生的可能性時需要用could, may, mightoChildren can often get ill suddenly.Certain things in the home can be dangerous, especially if you have young children.上面兩句可以看作醫(yī)務(wù)工作者或撫養(yǎng)過孩子的人說的話，屬“經(jīng)驗(yàn)之談”。may和might表可能性的推測時都不用于疑問句中。如：Can/Could it be cloudy tomorrow ?(正)May/Might it be cloudy tomorrow ?(誤)must表肯定推測時的否認(rèn)式是ca

20、nt/couldnt,不是neednt或mustnt。(4)should/ought to+動詞原形：想必現(xiàn)在/將來會The dinner should/ought to be readynow.He should/ought to ring up this afternoon.will +動詞原形：將來一定/準(zhǔn)會Try your best, and your wish will come true.完成句子.我們必須努力學(xué)習(xí)，否那么就不會通過考試。We, or we*ll fail in the examination.這個女孩非常用功，所以她通過了最終的考試。The girl worked

21、 hard so she the final examination.你怎么能捉弄我呢？How me?.我們今天必須把這些玩具分類完畢嗎？不，你們不必。一Must we sort these toys today?No, .我們應(yīng)當(dāng)尊重我們的老師和父母。We.【答案】must work hardwas able to passcan you play a trick onyou neednt/dont have to.should respect our teachers and parents過去將來時表示在過去某一時間將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。過去將來時常用在主 句謂語動詞為過去時態(tài)的賓語從句中。過去將來時句子中有時包含時間狀語the next day, soon 等 o.過去將來時的基本構(gòu)成和用法過去將來時由“would+動詞原形”構(gòu)成，主要表示從過去某一時間來看將要發(fā)生的動 作(尤其用于賓語從句中)，還可以表示過去的動作習(xí)慣或傾向。Jeff knew he would be tired the next day.He promised that he would not open the letter until 2 oclock.She said that she wouldnt do that again.表示過去將來時的其他表達(dá)