2022年中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案定語從句（無答案）

1、一、回答下面問題。(1)什么是定語？(2)什么是定語從句？定語從句分類？(3)什么是先行詞？(4)哪些詞可以引導(dǎo)定語從句？知識(shí)點(diǎn)一、定語從句【知識(shí)梳理】【語篇學(xué)語法】I will never forget the days when I served as a volunteer. Life was not easy, but it made me full and happy.In the distance(遠(yuǎn)處), I saw some villagers (who/that) were waiting to give me a warm welcome. They were lookin

2、g forward to having a teacher (who/that) could stay to teach their kids (who/that) shouldered the hope of their future. They shook hands with me and offered to carry the luggage(行李) (which/that) had nothing but a quilt(被子)I was showed into my bedroom (which/that) stood next to the classroom whose ro

3、of(屋頂) was covered with brown grass. “This is the room where you live，” the village leader said. “We have tried our best.” “Not so bad. Much better than expected，” I replied. My words made the villagers laugh.School was about to open. I had to get the textbooks for the children (who/whom/that) I wou

4、ld teach. There was only a road that led out of the mountains. The villagers offered to help me, but I refused their offer since I knew all those who stayed in the village were either old people or small children. So, I carried back all the school things that the children would use with a carrying p

5、ole(桿). Soon came the day when new term began, but many seats were empty. I asked the students about it and was told that they had dropped out. The next day, I climbed up mountains and down valleys(溪谷) to go from door to door to persuade(說服)the parents to let their kids go back to school. Finally, m

6、y effort paid off and all the droppedout children were back in class again. 1. 定語從句的概述在復(fù)合句中對(duì)名詞、代詞、名詞性短語、句子進(jìn)行修飾、限定的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的成分叫先行詞。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞有兩種：關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。常見的關(guān)系代詞包括that, which, who(賓格為whom，所有格為whose)等，關(guān)系副詞包括where, when, why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞有三個(gè)作用：引導(dǎo)從句；指代先行詞；在定語從中作成分。如：Harry Porter is a smart boy. (形容詞作定語

7、)Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power. (定語從句)This is an old computer. It works much slower. 這是一臺(tái)老式電腦。它工作起來速度很慢。 (這是兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，It代替an old computer)This is an old computer which/that works much slower. 這是一臺(tái)工作起來比較慢的老式電腦(這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，which/that代替an old computer，引導(dǎo)定語從句)普通代詞只起替代作用，如在上例中It替代an old computer. 而

8、關(guān)系代詞除可以起替代作用之外還可以引導(dǎo)定語從句。2. 關(guān)系代詞的用法(1)關(guān)系代詞有who, whom, whose, which, that。它們的具體使用情況如下表所示：關(guān)系詞先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞謧渥㈥P(guān)系代詞who人主語、賓語whom, which和that在從句中作賓語時(shí)，?？梢允÷?，但介詞提前時(shí)后面的關(guān)系代詞不能省略，也不可以用that和whowhom人賓語which物主語、賓語that人或物主語、賓語、表語whose人或物定語whosen.then.of which/whomof which/whomthen.(先行詞指人時(shí)用whom，指物時(shí)用which)(2)在定語從句中，使用

9、關(guān)系代詞時(shí)我們應(yīng)該考慮兩點(diǎn)：一是先行詞是“人”還是“物”；二是關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)什么成分。He is a man who/that means what he says.他是一個(gè)說話算話的人。(先行詞指人，關(guān)系代詞who/that引導(dǎo)定語從句，并在從句中作主語)Is there anyone in your class whose father is a teacher?你們班有誰的父親是老師？(先行詞指人，關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)定語從句，并在定語從句中作定語)To be frank, I dont like the movie (which/that) you recommended

10、to me yesterday.說實(shí)話，我不喜歡你昨天推薦給我的那部影片。(先行詞指物，關(guān)系代詞which/that引導(dǎo)定語從句，并在從句中作賓語，可省略) = 2 * ROMAN * MERGEFORMAT II. 關(guān)系代詞用that而不用which的情況1. 當(dāng)先行詞是all, much, anything, nothing, little, none等不定代詞時(shí)She told me everything that she knew.她把她所知道的一切都告訴了我。2. 先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)I can remember well the persons and some pictures

11、that I saw in the room.我能清楚地記得我在那個(gè)房間所見到的人和一些照片。3. 先行詞為序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.在桂林他們所參觀的第一個(gè)地方是象鼻山。4. 先行詞為形容詞最高級(jí)或被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)This is the best film that I have ever seen.這是我看過的最好的電影。5. 先行詞為the last, the only, the very, the same等或被這些詞修飾時(shí)Mr. Smith is t

12、he only foreigner that he knows.史密斯先生是他唯一認(rèn)識(shí)的外國人。6. 主句是以who或which開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)Which is the true story that he told us?他給我們講的哪一個(gè)故事是真實(shí)的？7. 當(dāng)先行詞在主句中作表語或關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語時(shí)Tom isnt the man that he used to be.湯姆不再是過去的樣子了。 = 3 * ROMAN * MERGEFORMAT III. 關(guān)系代詞用which而不用that的情況1. 先行詞為that時(shí)Whats that which is under the de

13、sk?桌子底下的那個(gè)東西是什么？Its a football.那是一個(gè)足球。2. 關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)This is the room in which he lives.這是他住的房間。3. 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)Tom came back, which made us happy.湯姆回來了，這使我們很高興。關(guān)系副詞（時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)/原因）的用法A. where指地點(diǎn)，充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語；此時(shí)可用in which/ on which/ at which/ to which 等取代This is the place. We spent our childhood in that place. 替換：Th

14、is is the place (which / that) we spend our childhood in.This is the place in which we spent our childhood. This is the place where we spent our childhood. B. when 指時(shí)間，充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語in which/ on which/ at which/ during which 等取代 Hell always remember the day. His grandma passed away on that day. 替換：Hell alwa

15、ys remember the day （which/ that）his grandma passed away on. Hell always remember the day on which his grandma passed away. Hell always remember the day when his grandma passed away.C. why 指原因，充當(dāng)原因狀語； 可以用for which 來取代。引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，不能用why;可以用for which.This is the reason. They were late for the meeting

16、 because of the reason.替換: This is the reason why they were late for the meeting.Can you tell me the reason why / for which the car broke down? = 4 * ROMAN * MERGEFORMAT IV. 定語從句的注意事項(xiàng)1. 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時(shí)。根據(jù)先行詞的單復(fù)數(shù)確定從句謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。如：He is the only one of the students who knows French in our class.他是我們班里唯一懂法語的

17、學(xué)生。(the only one為先行詞)He is one of the students who know French in our class.他是我們班里懂法語的學(xué)生之一。(students為先行詞)2. 關(guān)系代詞的省略：在限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞作動(dòng)詞的賓語或介詞的賓語(這時(shí)介詞不能在關(guān)系代詞前)時(shí)?？墒÷?。如：The boy (that/who/whom) we saw last night was Li Ming.我們昨晚見到的那個(gè)男孩是李明?！纠}精講】例1.選詞填空1.The little girl with _ (whom/who/which) I walked my

18、dog is my niece.2.All the films _ (that/which/where) Chaplin acted in were very funny.3.He wrote many childrens books, nearly half of _ (them/which/that) were published in the 1990s.4.The company _ (where/which/that) my father works is five miles away from here.5.The film brought back the good hours

19、 _(when/which/that) I played happily with my playmates.6.All the neighbors speak highly of this family _(where/which/who) the parents are treating their child like a friend.7.1 am on a job _ (when/where/which) everyone waits for a chance to break through.8.2018天津卷改編Kate, _ (who/whose/whom) sister I

20、shared a room with when we were al college,has gone to work in Australia.9.This is the only food _ (that/which/whose) is in my fridge now.10.Is this the reason _ (that/why/with which) the director explained at the mecting yesterday?11.I have reached a point in my life _ (where/that/when) I am expect

21、ed to make my ow decisions by parents.12.Organizers are making preparations for the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games _ (whose/which/where)aim is to create a wonderful Winter Games.例2. 用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空1. The film _ you are looking forward to seeing will be on tomorrow.2. Is there anything _ you want to bu

22、y?3. The girl _ hair is golden is from England.4. The man _ I saw told me to come here.5. He asked about the factories and workers _ we had just visited.6. The weather turned out to be good, _ was more than we could expect.7. What was that _ he said?8. Who is the girl _ is standing under the tree?9.

23、 Our school is not the one _ it used to be.10. The building _ doors are green is an office building.例3. 將下面兩個(gè)句子改寫成含有一個(gè)定語從句的復(fù)合句Those people have finished the exercises. Those people may go home now._In the corner of the room was a large basket full of apples. Most of the apples had gone bad._Children

24、 eat a lot of sweets or chocolate.They often have bad teeth._4.I am looking forward to the day.On the day my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her._5.He has many records.Some of them are bought from foreign countries._I was interested in the organization. There were so many funny

25、activities and nice people in the organization._Many children have to live with their grandparents. Their parents are away working in big cities._Students should be encouraged to take part in more activities. In the activities they can get growth experience._We went to the West Lake yesterday.The We

26、st Lake was full of visitors from all over the world._They were talking about Mr.Li and his novel.Mr.Li and his novel are popular with students in school._【鞏固練習(xí)】根據(jù)句意，用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空1. Do you know the girl _ is talking with our headmaster?2.He told us that it was the most interesting film _ he had ever see

27、n in his life.3.At the party,the long-lost brothers mentioned the things and people _ were still in their memories.4.Mr. Green, _is 45 years old and works in a company, began jogging a few years ago.5.Whats the name of the tree _ fruits are yellow?6.Did he tell you the reason _ he came late this morning?7.Can you remember the day_ we had a meeting in your office?8.Wang Ling is the girl _ drawing is the best in her class.單句改錯(cuò)1. The books that you need it is in the library._2. Those who has finished may go home._3. He is the only on