前景實(shí)用英語(yǔ) 2 unit 8

1、前景大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程 2 Unit 8 Work EthicsUnit 8 Work EthicsPart CPart BPart ALead inTextExercisesPhoneticsGrammarFunctions and NotionsWritingWorkshopUnit 8 Work EthicsLead inTextExercisesTask 2Task 1Task 3Part ALead inPart A Lead inTask 1 Study the pictures and discuss the questions below in small groups. Use

2、 the words given below if necessary.1. What does the first picture tell us? What problem does the second picture suggest?3. According to the third picture, what is the man worried about?Cues: late, on timeCues: work efficiency, hard workCues: work ethics, inconsistentPart A Lead inTask 1 Study the p

3、ictures and discuss the questions below in small groups. Use the words given below if necessary.1. What does the first picture tell us?What problem does the second picture suggest?It tells us that being on time is a very importantwork ethic in almost every work place.It suggests that both the boss a

4、nd the workers arenot working hard enough.Part A Lead inTask 1 Study the pictures and discuss the questions below in small groups. Use the words given below if necessary.According to the third picture, what is the man worried about?The man is worried about work ethics of the company, such as honesty

5、, loyalty, fair play, etc. But it seems that he doesnt really believe in it.Part A Lead inTask 2 Listen to the following short dialogues and fill in the blanks.Dialogue 1W: Hey, Bowie, do you remember when and the lecture is held?M: Lecture? What lecture?W: You dont know? Oh . its something about wo

6、rk .M: Sounds very for future work.W: Yes, I think so. Why not me then?M: Id like to. Lets go ask Jenny for more information.whereethicsusefulgo withPart A Lead inTask 2 Listen to the following short dialogues and fill in the blanks.Dialogue 2W: I read an in yesterdays China Daily.M: Uh-huh. Whats i

7、mpressive?W: It a question of what the most important work ethic is in your mind.M: Then whats your answer?W: , I will say. Without it, no task can be done well.M: Well, I think is most important. You know, almost all successful people work extremely hard. articleraisesSense of responsibilityhard wo

8、rk Task 3 Discuss the following questions. 1.What do you think can be counted as work ethics?2.Are you a hard-working person?Part A Lead inCues: hard work, reliability, accountability, perseverance, respect, humility, etc.Cues: good time controller, face difficulties and pressure; lazy Task 3 Discus

9、s the following questions. 1.What do you think can be counted as work ethics?2. Are you a hard-working person?Part A Lead inYes, I have always been hard working, because I think a hard working person is a good time controller and can also be very strong to face difficulties and pressure.I think work

10、 ethics can mean ones attitudes towards work,such as hard work, reliability, perseverance, and so on.b. No, Im not. Im a little lazy and not willing to subject myself to a lot of work. But I do think being hard working is very important for us.Part ATextWhat Are Work Ethics? Work ethics are standard

11、s or values that generally are based on hard work. Mostly, work ethics are thought to benefit a person morally, which in turn improves their character. These ethics can include preserving social skills, being reliable, and being resourceful wherever needed in a work environment.Part AText Accountabi

12、lity, honesty, and integrity are three of the main components that lead to ethical business practices. When a business does not uphold these components, there often are negative impacts on workers or customers. These negative impacts can be considered to be forms of accountability for wrong doing.Pa

13、rt AText Possessing a good work ethic is very important for all aspects of peoples life. High quality core values based on the moral virtues of hard work and perseverance are essential for determining ones value to an employer and his or her own self image.Part AText Possessing a good work ethic mea

14、ns not being a clock watcher, doing whatever it takes to accomplish a goal and taking pride in ones activity and achievements. Persons with a good work ethic compete only with themselves and keep trying to do better.Part AText Working hard proves an individuals high standards and values, showing the

15、 level of integrity in his or her character. As such, these aspects of personal ethics can be cultivated, but often they cannot be achieved if the person has no desire to accomplish them. Generally speaking, those who feel that they have good work ethics feel a sense of purpose, and do their jobs we

16、ll. People who have problems with their work ethics sometimes find that they have a troubled conscience, and that they do not do their work as well as they could.Part AText From a historical point of view, the idea of hard work having great moral or spiritual benefits was not widespread in ancient t

17、imes. Hard work, which mostly was physical labor, usually was done because it was compulsory. Therefore, it often was thought to be unpleasant. Later, the meaning of hard work changed. Even rich people sometimes would engage in hard physical labor.Part AText These work ethics spread from Europe to A

18、merica with the help of people like the English Puritans. They often found that applying these ethics to their businesses could make a difference in their financial prosperity. By the 18th century, work ethics were a regular part of Western culture. Benjamin Franklin often wrote about using time wis

19、ely and working diligently before enjoying ones life.Part AText The Industrial Revolution of the 19th century used work ethics as a basis to get more people to start producing items and to become their own bosses. Wars of the 20th century brought industrial workers and bosses together toward common

20、goals. Producing the most effective supplies possible and maintaining reasonable manufacturing costs in troubled economies were among these goals. Part AText In a modern society, many careers, such as those having to do with technology, generally are allowing people to express themselves more within

21、 their careers. At the same time, such jobs usually require good judgment. These two aspects are considered by many to be the reasons why people try hard to do their best work. (518 words)Part AText Translation什么是職業(yè)道德？ 職業(yè)道德是指以努力工作為基礎(chǔ)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或價(jià)值觀。通常，職業(yè)道德能幫助人們修身養(yǎng)性。這些道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可以指具備社交技能、為人忠實(shí)可靠、在工作中足智多謀。Part AText

22、 Translation 責(zé)任心、誠(chéng)實(shí)、正直是商業(yè)道德的三大要求。如果企業(yè)不遵守這些道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，往往會(huì)對(duì)其員工和顧客產(chǎn)生不良影響，進(jìn)而可能造成錯(cuò)誤行為的出現(xiàn)。Part AText Translation 具備良好的職業(yè)道德對(duì)人們生活的方方面面都很重要。高品質(zhì)的核心價(jià)值觀是以勤勞與毅力這些道德品性為基礎(chǔ)的，這些價(jià)值觀極其重要，能決定一個(gè)人在老板心中的價(jià)值，也能決定一個(gè)人的自我形象。Part AText Translation 一個(gè)具備良好職業(yè)道德的人不會(huì)總是盼望下班，不會(huì)為了達(dá)到目標(biāo)而不擇手段，不會(huì)因?yàn)樽约旱男袨楹统删投湴?。他們只?huì)與自己競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，不斷尋求進(jìn)步。Part AText Translat

23、ion 一個(gè)人若工作努力，說明他/她節(jié)操高尚，品性正直。照此而論，個(gè)人道德是可以培養(yǎng)的，但心不想，則事不成。一般來說，那些自認(rèn)為具備良好職業(yè)道德者會(huì)有一種使命感，會(huì)將工作做好。而職業(yè)道德有問題者有時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己責(zé)任心不夠，而且沒有盡力做好工作。Part AText Translation 從歷史角度來看，辛勤工作有利于道德精神修養(yǎng)的觀念在古代并未廣泛流傳。繁重的工作大部分是體力活，往往是強(qiáng)制性的，因而通常令人不愉快。后來，辛勤工作的內(nèi)涵發(fā)生了變化，即便富人有時(shí)也會(huì)參與艱苦的體力勞動(dòng)。Part AText Translation 這些新職業(yè)道德后來由英國(guó)清教徒等群體從歐洲傳入美國(guó)。大家發(fā)現(xiàn)將這些道

24、德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)用到商務(wù)活動(dòng)中會(huì)給他們創(chuàng)造更多的財(cái)富。到18世紀(jì)，職業(yè)道德成了西方文化固定的組成部分。本杰明富蘭克林經(jīng)常告誡人們合理利用時(shí)間，勤奮工作在先，享受生活在后。Part AText Translation 19世紀(jì)的工業(yè)革命將職業(yè)道德作為基本原則，鼓勵(lì)更多人從事生產(chǎn)，自己創(chuàng)業(yè)。20世紀(jì)的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)使得各行業(yè)的工人和老板為實(shí)現(xiàn)共同目標(biāo)而齊心協(xié)力。這些目標(biāo)包括在經(jīng)濟(jì)困難時(shí)期以合理的制造成本實(shí)現(xiàn)最有效的產(chǎn)品供應(yīng)。Part AText Translation 在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)，許多與技術(shù)相關(guān)的行業(yè)一般都允許員工擁有更多的發(fā)言權(quán)。同時(shí)，這些工作會(huì)通常要求員工具備良好的判斷力。許多人認(rèn)為這兩點(diǎn)是員工盡其所能做好工作

25、的原因所在。Part AText Language Pointsn. a set of principles of right conducte.g. The woman was a rebel against feudal ethics. 那個(gè)女人是封建禮教的反叛者。 Our professional ethics require us to report the facts. 我們的職業(yè)道德要求我們報(bào)道事實(shí)真相。ethicsPart AText Language Points avoid losing (sth.); retaine.g. It is difficult to preser

26、ve ones self-respect in that job. 做那樣的工作很難保持自尊。 Salt and spices help to preserve meat. 鹽和調(diào)味品有助于保藏肉類。 preservePart AText Language Pointsa. good at finding ways of doing things and solving problems, etc.e.g. These women were strong, resourceful and courageous. 這些婦女堅(jiān)強(qiáng)、足智多謀而且勇敢。 He is a keen and resourc

27、eful politician. 他是個(gè)頭腦敏銳又足智多謀的政治家。resourcefulPart AText Language Pointsv. support (a decision, etc.) against attacke.g. We will loyally uphold the principles of the United Nations. 我們將忠實(shí)地維護(hù)聯(lián)合國(guó)的原則。 The judge upheld the lower courts decision. 法官維持初級(jí)法院的判決。upholdPart AText Language Pointsa. lacking in d

28、efinite, helpful qualities or characteristicse.g. He has a very negative attitude to his work. 他的工作態(tài)度很消極。 The results of the test were negative. 試驗(yàn)結(jié)果呈陰性。negativePart AText Language Points most important part of sth.e.g. Lets get to the core of the argument. 咱們進(jìn)入實(shí)質(zhì)性的辯論吧。 This concept is at the very c

29、ore of her theory. 這個(gè)概念是她的理論的核心。corePart AText Language Pointsn. the quality of continuing to try to achieve a particular aim in spite of difficultiese.g. He succeeded by means of perseverance. 他是通過堅(jiān)持不懈而成功的。 You need perseverance to win the game and I doubt if you can go the distance. 你需要矢志不移才能取勝，我懷

30、疑你能否堅(jiān)持到底。perseverancePart AText Language Pointsv. to succeed in doing or completing sth. e.g. We should not try to accomplish two tasks at once. 我們不能指望同時(shí)完成兩項(xiàng)工作。 I have accomplished a great deal in the last few months. 在過去幾個(gè)月里，我完成了相當(dāng)多的工作。 accomplishPart AText Language Points to be proud of sb./sth.;

31、to do sth. carefully or well because it is important to onee.g. She takes great pride in her childrens success. 她為自己的孩子取得的成績(jī)感到無比驕傲。 You should take more pride in your appearance. 你應(yīng)該多注意自己的儀表。take pride inPart AText Language Points being exactly what is mentioned or suggested e.g. She is a kind woman

32、 as is known as such. 她是個(gè)善良的女人，這是大家都知道的。 He is the author of the article, but he does not desire to be known as such. 他是那篇文章的作者，但是他并不想讓別人知道這件事。as suchPart AText Language Pointsv. to grow, form, develope.g. We should encourage our children to cultivate a love of art. 我們應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)孩子培養(yǎng)對(duì)藝術(shù)的熱愛。 He cultivated t

33、he habit of analysis when he was a child. 在孩提時(shí)代他就養(yǎng)成了分析問題的習(xí)慣。 cultivatePart AText Language Pointsn. the part of your mind that tells you whether your actions are right or wronge.g. She paid the repair bill as a salve to her conscience. 她付了維修費(fèi)以減輕內(nèi)疚感。 I had a guilty conscience about not telling her the

34、 truth. 我因?yàn)闆]有告訴她事實(shí)真相而感到內(nèi)疚。 He wont let it trouble his conscience. 他不想因?yàn)檫@件事而讓自己良心不安。consciencePart AText Language Points that must be done because of a law or a rulee.g. Is English a compulsory subject? 英語(yǔ)是必修科目嗎？ Is military service compulsory in your country? 你們國(guó)家實(shí)行義務(wù)兵役制嗎?compulsoryPart AText Langua

35、ge Points to take part in or be occupied in sth.e.g. I have no time to engage in gossip. 我無暇閑聊。 I engaged him in conversation. 我讓他加入談話。engage inPart AText Language PointsNote: Puritan is a member of a group of English Protestants who in the 16th and 17th centuries advocated strict religious discipli

36、ne along with simplification of the ceremonies and creeds of the Church of England; one who lives in accordance with Protestant precepts, especially one who regards pleasure or luxury as sinful.PuritanPart AText Language Pointsn. state of being successful or rich; good fortunee.g. He wished the youn

37、g couple a life of happiness and prosperity. 他祝這對(duì)年輕人生活幸福，萬事如意。 The empire began to fall after its period of prosperity. 帝國(guó)經(jīng)過全盛以后開始衰落。prosperityPart AText Language PointsNote: He is one of the most extraordinary human beings the world has ever known. Born into the family of a Boston candle maker, Ben

38、jamin Franklin became the most famous American of his time. He helped found a new nation and defined the American character. He was a writer, inventor, diplomat, businessman, musician, scientist, humorist, civic leader, international celebrity, genius.Benjamin FranklinPart AText Language Pointsad. s

39、howing care and effort in your work or dutiese.g. Theyre keeping records diligently. 他們十分認(rèn)真地在做記錄。 He has been working diligently in the company for 20 years. 他在公司勤勤懇懇工作了20 年。diligentlyPart AText Language PointsNote: This is a period from the 18th to the 19th century where major changes in agricultur

40、e, manufacturing, mining, transportation, and technology had a profound effect on the socioeconomic and cultural conditions of the times. It began in the United Kingdom, then subsequently spread throughout Europe, North America, and eventually the world.The Industrial RevolutionPart AText Language P

41、ointsv. make (goods) on a large scale using machinerye.g. Both factories manufacture computer parts. 這兩家廠都生產(chǎn)電腦配件。 The manufacture of these small components is expensive. 制造這些小部件是非常昂貴的。manufacture這是名詞用法哦，可是本文作動(dòng)詞解。已對(duì)教參提出修改建議。如果確定改動(dòng)，這里也要相應(yīng)改動(dòng)。建議將例句改為:It is expensive to manufacture these small components

42、. Task 2Task 3Task 4Task 5Task 6Task 7Task 1Part AExercises Part AExercisesTask 1 Read the text again and answer the following questions.According to Paragraph 2, why should a business follow the ethics mentioned?Why are high quality core values essential?3. How do those who have good work ethics di

43、ffer from those who have questionable ones?Because if it does not follow them, there will be negative impacts on workers or customers, and will cause wrong doing.Because they can determine ones value to an employer and his or her own image.Those who have good work ethics will do their jobs well with

44、 a sense of purpose, while those who have questionable ones dont. Part AExercisesTask 1 Read the text again and answer the following questions.How was hard work understood in ancient times?5.When did work ethics become a regular part of Western culture?It was usually done compulsorily and thus was c

45、onsidered unpleasant.By the 18th century.Task 2 Identify the key words or main ideas of the following paragraphsPart AExercisesParagraph 6:_understood in ancient timesParagraph 7:the _ of work ethics to AmericaParagraph 8:work ethics in _Paragraph 9:work ethics in _ hard workspreadthe 19th and 20th

46、centuriesmodern societyPart AExercisesTask 3 Fill in the puzzle spaces with the words from Text A according to the explanations given below.Across2. support (a decision, etc.) against attack3. to succeed in doing or completing something7. that must be done because of a law or a rule9. state of being

47、 successful or rich; good fortune10. lacking in definite, helpful qualities or characteristicsDown1. a set of principles of right conduct4. the quality of continuing to try to achieve a particular aim in spite of difficulties5. to grow, form, develop6. the part of your mind that tells you whether yo

48、ur actions are right or wrong8. avoid losing (something); retainethics 2. upholdaccomplish 4. perseverancecultivate 6. consciencecompulsory 8. preserve9. prosperity 10. negativePart AExercises1. Ice helps to _ food.2. By _, the boy learned to swim.3. Cheating at the examinations goes against my_. 4.

49、 What does your company hope to_?5. The farmers mainly _ rice and beans.Task 4 Complete the following sentences with the words from Task 3. Change the word forms if necessary. preserve perseveranceconscienceaccomplishcultivatePart AExercises6. These subjects are _ in our school.Peace brings _ and de

50、velopment.If one fails to queue up for a bus, he lacks _.9. _ factors can be turned into positive ones.10. We should _ the truth.Task 4 Complete the following sentences with the words from Task 3. Change the word forms if necessary. compulsory prosperity ethicsNegative upholdPart AExercises1. The la

51、wyer said that the doctors behavior had not been _.2. The doctor advised him not to eat too much _ food.3. After he went to college, he has _ in his studies.4. Among her _ were sewing, cooking, playing the piano and dancing.5. The _ business owes much to the hard work of all the staff in the shop.Ta

52、sk 5 Complete the sentences using derivatives of the words in the box. Change the word forms if necessary. ethical preserved perseveredaccomplishmentsprosperousPart AExercises1. Suddenly there appeared a young woman who was dressed in green.2. We must keep a secret of the things that are being discu

53、ssed here.3. The play which was put on by the teachers was a big success.Task 6 Rewrite the following sentences after the models. Suddenly there appeared a young woman dressed in green.We must keep a secret of the things discussed here.The play put on by the teachers was a big success.Part AExercise

54、sTask 6 Rewrite the following sentences after the models. The girl who is dancing with the general manager is my sister.The people that work with me treat me like their friend.3. The boy who is standing under the tree is only six years old.The girl dancing with the general manager is my sister.The p

55、eople working with me treat me like their friend.The boy standing under the tree is only six years old.Task 7 Translate the following sentences into English, paying attention to the highlighted parts.Part AExercises英語(yǔ)是必修科目，這是大家都知道的。（as such）2. 我們從事進(jìn)出口業(yè)務(wù)。（engage in）我們?yōu)槲覈?guó)的繁榮昌盛而感到自豪。（take pride in）我們有時(shí)

56、根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)做決定。（based on）良好的職業(yè)規(guī)劃可以帶來一份滿意的工作。（lead to）English is a compulsory subject and it is known as such.2. We engage in both export and import business.3. We take pride in the prosperity of our country.4. We sometimes make decisions based on our experience.5. Good career planning can lead to a satisfy

57、ing job.Task 1Task 2Part BLead inPart BLead inTask 1 Listen to the recording, and complete the following passage. Globally, there is an enormous (1) _ on education and skills preparation for future employment. Many employers (2) _ that a strong work ethic ranks at the top of the list along with prof

58、iciency in a chosen profession. Follow these steps to (3) _ yours. Arrive to work at least 15 minutes before your scheduled start time. This (4) _ the ability to mentally prepare for tasks. (5) _ to work the time and days agreed upon. Schedule all appointments outside of the times youve (6) _ to you

59、r employer. A great attendance record is an (7) _ attribute of a strong work ethic.indicateemphasisdevelopoffersPlancommittedessentialPart BLead inTask 1 Listen to the recording, and complete the following passage. Maintain a professional (8) _ at all times. Be cordial and friendly to all staff in t

60、he company. Never (9) _ your home life to spill over into your employment environment. Conversations should (10) _ primarily on work related issues. Respect yourself and others.mannerallowfocusTask 2 Discuss the following questions with your partner about work ethics.Part BLead in What are work ethi