Jeppesen Charts（杰普遜航圖）教學(xué)課件：Chap5_Arrive Charts

1、Chapter 5 Arrival ChartsChapter 5 Arrival Charts5.1 Introduction5.2 The Layout & Information of STAR Charts5.3 Example25.1 IntroductionStandard terminal arrival route (STAR) procedures provide a method for leaving the enroute structure and transitioning into a busy or congested terminal area. They t

2、ypically terminate with an instrument or visual approach procedures. 3STAR propose:STARs are designed to simplify arrival procedures for pilots and air traffic controllers by streamlining ATC instructions for frequently used arrival patterns.For Example:4To illustrate how arrival procedures can be u

3、sed to simplify a complex clearance and reduce frequency congestion, consider the following clearance:Cessna 1732G, cleared to the Seattle/Tacoma International Airport as filed. Maintain 12,000. At the Ephrata VOR, intercept the 221 radial to CHINS intersection. Intercept the 284 radial of the Yakim

4、a VOR to SNOMY intersection. Cross SNOMY at 10,000. Continue via the Yakima 281 radial to AUBRN intersection. Expect radar vectors to the final approach course.5If a STAR is published for this arrival procedure, look at what the clearance can become:Cessna 1732G, cleared to Seattle/Tacoma Internatio

5、nal Airport as filed, then CHINS TWO ARRIVAL, Ephrata Transition. Maintain 10,000 feet.This brief transmission conveys the same information as the longer example, while reducing the chance for misunderstanding, and freeing the frequency quicker.6In most regions, STAR is the term used for arrival rou

6、tes, but some charts use the term ARRIVAL. In most cases, the terms are considered synonymous. 5.1.1 STAR vs ARRIVAL7However, in a few regions, a distinction is made between a STAR and an arrival chart. Arrival charts represent preferred routes approaching the airport. There is no specific standardi

7、zed arrival route that can be filed by name on a flight plan. 8 ARRIVAL identifierSTAR identifier9Arrival charts are normally filed in the Jeppesen Airway Manual before the departure charts for the corresponding airport. A white-on-black box located on the upper right corner of the chart identifies

8、the chart as a STAR. 5.1.2 Locating Arrival Charts10How to find a arrival chart for a particular airport:Look up the city in which the airport is located. 11Look up the airport name.12The index number at the top of the chart ends in 0-2 for arrival charts. 13When more than one arrival chart exists f

9、or an airport, their index numbers are listed in alphabetic sequence. 14One or several arrival procedures may be displayed on one chart, with the name of the arrival listed at the top of the plan view section. 15Some airports may use arrival procedures for another airport in the area. 16 5.2 The Lay

10、out & Information of STAR ChartsThe Heading Plan ViewHeading BorderCommunicationsTransition Altitude/LevelRestrictions Heading BorderThe heading border data located at the top border of each Jeppesen arrival chart, contains standard information to help you quickly identify and retrieve the

11、proper arrival procedure.Primary Airport NameRevised DatesIndex NumberEffective DatesLocation NameChart Procedure Identifier18 STARARRIVAL Chart procedure identifierChart Procedure IdentifierLOST COMM STAR: A LOST COMM provides arrival procedures that address only lost communication procedures.19 Lo

12、cation Name20 Primary Airport Name21 Chart Index Number22 Dates CommunicationsD-ATIS: This symbol indicates that digital ATIS (Automatic Terminal Informal Service) is available for those aircraft that have the equipment to receive it. *ATIS Transition Level and Altitude Ch

13、art RestrictionsIn addition to the name of the arrival, the chart title may include any number of restrictions, such as:Type of aircraftSpeedOnboard EquipmentGround-based EquipmentAbatement Procedure26Some routes are designated specifically for jet, turboprop, or non-turbojet airplanes.Type of Aircr

14、aft27Restrictions on speed are often noted in a reverse type box with several criteria for the pilot to follow. Speed28Some arrivals are designed for aircraft with specific equipment; for example, DME, GPS, or RNAV. Equipment required may be specified in the title, or in this case, special procedure

15、s might be required if certain equipment is not available. Onboard Equipment29When an arrival is based on specific ground-based equipment, it may include restrictions if that equipment is not operative. For example, in this chart, you only use this chart when the Glasgow VOR is unserviceable. In thi

16、s situation, primary navigation is conducted using the Glasgow NDB as an alternative navaid.Ground-based Equipment30Abatement Procedure315.2.2 Plan ViewChart Naming and Numbering OrientationAirportsNavaids and FixesFlight TracksNavigation Planning3 procedure Naming and NumberingGenerally, ar

17、rival procedures are named after the first fix on the STAR .Sometimes a plan view displays more than one arrival procedures. When several arrivals are named from the same fix , they are distinguished numerically (if the procedure name does not include a number) or alphabetically (if the procedure na

18、me does include a number).3334Typically in the United States, transition routes guide pilots from the enroute structure to a specific fix in the STAR. In these cases, the STAR name is usually the same as the last fix on the enroute transitions where they come together to begin the STAR.35A few arriv

19、al charts, such as the 10-2A chart for Warsaw, are simply named “ARRIVAL PROCEDURE,” followed by the designations of applicable runways for the route charted. These charts represent preferred arrival routes approaching the airport. 36With the arrival name, a number of other important data may be lis

20、ted:Computer codeArrival type Arrival directionRunway designation37For airports that have computerized their route identification for flight planning/filing purposes, the computer code for a particular arrival procedure is displayed in parentheses following the route name. This is omitted when there

21、 are no computerized routes for an airport.Computer Code38The type of arrival is enclosed in parenthesis following the name of the arrival. Arrival types could be: PILOT NAV, RNAV, VECTOR, DME, GPS, or LOST COMMS. For more information about the different types of arrivals, see the Flying an Arrival

22、lesson later in this course.Arrival Type39Many large airports have an arrival covering each of primary directions that an aircraft might approach an airport, such as “FROM EAST” Arrival Direction40If an arrival applies to specific runways, these will be listed just below the title. Otherwise , they

23、are specified in the plan view of the chart.Runway Designation4 OrientationNorth arrowNot To Scale42Arrival charts may include any of the following types of boundaries:Region borders between countries or statesTransition level boundariesSpecial use airspace boundaries43Region Borders44Transi

24、tion level boundaries45When special use areas (SUAs) are referenced in the arrival procedure, they are charted on the plan view. In addition to the outlined depiction for the area, the following information may be included:Identifier: The Identifier includes three items of information: the country c

25、ode (on U.S. charts the country designation is omitted), the type of SUA (P)rohibited, (D)anger, or (R)estricted and a sequential number.Special Use Airspace Boundaries46Lower and upper limitsTime of operationWhen times of operation and limits are omitted, refer to the corresponding enroute chart fo

26、r additional information.4 AirportsMost arrival charts are designed for one airport , referred to as the primary airport. The primary airport is displayed in the plan view by as a shaded circular area, centered on an outlined sketch of all active or temporarily closed runways.4849When the pr

27、ocedure also serves other airports, a notation is included in the plan view lists the additional airports served.Also, the elevations and runway information are listed nearby the airports.50 Navaids and FixesArrival routes are defined by various navigation facilities in the area. Typically, t

28、he arrival chart shows all the navaids that define the route within the plan view section of the chart.Also, along the route, there may be designated locations that provides a means for checking the progress of your flight .Again ,these fixes may be defined by their relative position to various nava

29、ids, as well as latitude and longitude positioning.5152NavaidOn the STAR chart, the navaid has not the symbol of the magnetic north!53Occasionally, a chart references a navaid that is not located on the chart . In lieu of the navaid symbol , the plan view provides the navaid identifier, frequency, a

30、nd Morse code.5 Flight TracksArrival TracksTransition RoutesRadar VectorsHolding PatternsVisual Flight Tracks55Arrivals TracksAn arrival track is depicted as bold, solid line with a prominent arrowhead at the end of the route segment. These tracks are typically annotated with the following i

31、nformation:The magnetic course given as bearing from, or to, a specific navaid. On some routes, you fly a heading rather than receive positive course. In this case, the letter “hdg” are printed with the magnetic bearing.56The distance in nautical miles. Occasionally, the distance will also be given

32、in DME. In such cases, the number is preceded by the letter D. The expected altitude at which you will fly the segment. Altitudes are established above mean sea level in feet, or , when the altitude is preceded by the letters FL, as flight level. Altitudes may be given as either MEAs, MOCAs, or MAAs

33、. 57The MEA is the minimum enroute altitude that guarantees navigation radio reception for the stations that define the route and least 1,000 feet obstacle clearance in non-mountainous terrain areas. For areas with mountainous terrain, the MEA guarantees 2,000 feet obstacle clearance. The MEA is the

34、 most common altitude shown on arrival charts. For example, the MEA between the JASON and GILBY intersections on Washingtons Jasen Three arrival is 5,000 feet.MEA58The MOCA is the Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude. When this altitude is maintained, you are guaranteed obstacle clearance, but nav

35、igation radio reception is only assured within 22 nautical miles of the station. MOCA altitudes are shown in the same manner as MEA altitudes, except that the letter “T” follows the altitude limit.MOCA59A maximum authorized altitude (MAA) is a ublished altitude representing the maximum usable altitu

36、de or flight level for an airspace structure or route segment. It is the highest altitude on a Federal airway, jet route, RNAV low or high route, or other direct route for which an MEA is designated at which adequate reception of navigation signals is assured.MAA6061Transition RoutesTransition route

37、s provided guidance from the enroute structure to a common fix where the arrival route begins.( They are most commonly found in the USA)Transition routes are depicted in the plan view with bold , dashed line . An arrowhead located at the end of each route segment is added for emphasis to aid in the

38、following the transition. Like arrival tracks, transition routes may be labeled with their name, distance, altitude, and bearing. 62Transitions are named with the navaid or fix that begins the transition, followed by the fix where the arrival route begins.63Radar VectorsWhen ATC provides radar vecto

39、rs in the arrival procedure, you will see a series of closely spaced arrowheads. These symbols are used only as a sample representation of the route that you will fly ,and therefore do not provide a specific course or heading. Instead, ATC assigns you the appropriate headings and courses as required

40、.6465Holding PatternsHold altitude:MHA: minimum holding altitudeMAX: maximum holding altitudeOutbound BearingHolding FixInbound Bearing66Leg limit :When DME figures are associated with a holding course symbol, the first denotes the location of the holding fix. The second figure is the outbound limit

41、.67Time limitHolding speed limit6 Navigation PlanningRouting informationDescent planningLost communications proceduresSpeed limit procedures69Routing InformationTextual descriptions, when provided, give written details of each arrival route and transition. The text is separated and labeled i

42、n a manner that helps you clearly distinguish each flight track in the procedure.70Descent Planning71Lost Communications ProceduresWhen communication with ATC are lost while on an IFR flight, you are expected to follow standard lost communications procedures unless you have been advised to expected

43、a specific clearance, or when other instructions are published in a lost communications procedures. 72For many arrivals, lost communications procedures are published in the plan view section of arrival chart, within a cross-hatched or “LOST COMMS” border. 73In some airport, lost communications proce

44、dures are published in the plan view section of arrival chart, within “ ” border. 74If there is a individual published lost communication procedure for a specific airport, the STAR is displayed individually . Meanwhile, “LOST COMMUNICATION” is labeled nearby the type of arrival procedures. 75 Altitu

45、de & Speed LimitsArrival charts often include speed limit restrictions or procedures for all or parts of the arrival procedure. when the speed limits apply to the entire procedure, the limit is typically part of procedure title, as shown here. In this case, no matter where on the procedure you are,

46、if you are below 10,000feet,you have a max IAS of 250 knots.76FRANKFURT/MAIN Airport 77In other cases, speed limits may simply be annotated to the portion of procedure to which they apply.7879Finally, some speed limits are included as a boxed procedure.805.3 ExampleFlight Planning for ArrivalsFlying

47、 a Standard ArrivalFlying an RNAV ArrivalFlying with Lost CommunicationsFlying a Visual Arrival815.3.1 Flight Planning for ArrivalsFlight planning for arrivals offers different scenarios that might occur at the flight planning stage and ways ATC might respond to a flight plan.82An IFR flight plan pl

48、ays an integral role in communicating your intentions to ATC. When planning an arrival at an airport with published STARs, you should usually specify your preferred STAR on the flight plan form with route of flight.8384If you plan to use a transition, include the transition code in your flight plan.

49、 In most cases, the transition identifier codes are found on STAR charts.85If you do not specify a STAR in your flight plan, one may be assigned by ATC in your clearance. Youre not required to accept a STAR, but you should let ATC know ahead of time if you choose not to use one .In the United States

50、, you can do this by entering “NO STAR” in the remarks section of the flight plan .TO fly a STAR, you must have the charted procedure, or at least the textual description, in your aircraft.86Generally, ATC responds to an IFR clearance request in one of two ways: When ATC agrees to accommodate the ro

51、uting filed with little or no change, the controller responds with an abbreviated IFR departure clearance and the phrase “cleared as tiled”.When traffic congestion, weather, or other conditions warrant, the controller may specify a different STAR, route, or altitude than what you Requested. 87When y

52、ou accept a clearance with a STAR, it assures the controllers that you are capable of complying with the requirements and restrictions of the STAR as published. It is your responsibility to review each STAR and refuse any procedure that is beyond the limits of your aircraft. Some charts indicate tha

53、t you may request a deviation if you cannot comply with a published arrival procedure.88Pilots unable to comply with this published arrival procedure may make a request to ATC for a non-standard arrival.895.3.2 Flying a Standard Arrival905.3.3 Flying an RNAV ArrivalRNAV, also referred to as area nav

54、igation, is an all-encompassing term used to describe flight utilizing navigation by GPS, FMS, VOR/DME, LORAN, and INS systems. Using RNAV routes designed around waypoints, pilots can fly efficient, direct routes to their destinations. Each waypoint has a predetermined, unchanging, geographical posi

55、tion and is defined by longitude and latitude coordinates, or by position relative to a VOR/DME or VORTAC.91On most STAR charts, even for those not designated as RNAV arrivals, navaids and intersections are identified with their geographical coordinates to accommodate GPS and FMS navigation equipmen

56、t. 9293When a fix has been designed exclusively for use with RNAV equipment , Jeppesen charts identify it with a four-pointed star symbol.94On some older charts, like in Lyon, some fixes are marked with both a star and triangle symbol, indicating they can be used for both RNAV- and VOR/DME-equipped

57、aircraft. Newer chart formatting eliminates this dual symbology, leaving the star symbol exclusively for RNAV-only waypoints and the triangle for VOR/DME-identified intersections, which may also be accessed with RNAV equipment.9596Although many arrivals can be flown using onboard RNAV navigation equ

58、ipment, only those routes that use RNAV as the primary means of navigation are labeled as RNAV“ arrivals. Usually these charts are identified under the title text. 975.3.4 Flying with Lost Communications 98Loss of communications while arriving in a congested airport environment is a serious concern for pilots on an IFR flight plan. However, procedures have been established to pr