人教版高一必修二book2-unit3-Computers--grammar-課件

1、Unit 3 ComputersPeriod 4 語法專題課 I. Read the sentences from the text, paying attention to the underlined parts.Over time I have been changed quite a lot.2. , I have been used in offices and homes since the 1970s.3. I never forget anything I have been told!4. Since the 1970s, many new applications have

2、 been found for me.5. I have also been put into robots and used to make mobile phones as Task1. Presentation講解歸納1. 構(gòu)成： 主動語態(tài) 被動語態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時 have/has doneThe Present Perfect Passive Voice （現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)）have/has been done II. Translation 1. Two windows have been broken 兩個窗子被打破了。 這輛汽車還沒有被修好。 2. The car has not

3、 been repaired 3 Have the cars been repaired？ No，they havent 這些汽車修好了嗎？ 不，還沒有。 她的工作完成有多久了？ How long has her work been finished？ 2. 現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的各種句式：肯定式 have/hasbeendone Your computer has been repaired. 你的電腦已經(jīng)修好了。否定式 have/hasnotbeendone The desks have not been cleaned. 這些桌子還沒有擦干凈。疑問式Have/Has主語beendone?H

4、as the door been painted?那扇門粉刷了嗎？No，it hasnt.不，還沒有。特殊疑問式 疑問詞havehas主語beendone How long has her work been finished？ 她的工作完成有多久了？3. 現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的主要用法1) 表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響與結(jié)果。當(dāng)動詞為短暫動詞時，可與already或yet連用，但不能與for或since引導(dǎo)的表示一段的時間狀語連用。例如：Im sorry，but the letters havent been typed yet.很抱歉，這些信件還沒有被打印出來。(結(jié)果是，現(xiàn)在還拿不到這

5、些信件)The work has already been finished.工作已完成了。(結(jié)果是，現(xiàn)在不用做這項工作了)2) 表示一個被動的動作或狀態(tài)開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并有可能持續(xù)下去，常與for或since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用，或用于How long.？句型中。例如：The plan has been discussed for nearly 2 hours.這項計劃已被討論了近兩個小時了。3) 用在時間或條件狀語從句中，表示將來某時已完成的動作，即用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)代替將來完成時的被動語態(tài)。You can go home as soon as your task has bee

6、n finished. 你的任務(wù)一完成就可以回家。. 完成句子1由于大雪，高速公路已經(jīng)被封閉。The freeway _because of the heavy snow.答案：has been closed2對不起，先生，這次展覽的門票已經(jīng)全部賣完了。Sorry，sir，all the tickets for the exhibition _.答案：have been sold outTask 2 Test yourself!3這座城市明年將建多少座大樓？How many high buildings _in this city next year?答案：will be built4為了多種

7、一些谷物，很多樹被砍掉了。Large numbers of trees _to grow more grain.答案：have been cut down5我喜歡這部科幻電影，它已經(jīng)在電視上播了三次了。I like this science fiction film and it _ three times on TV.答案：has been shown. 單項填空1His sister left home in 1998，and _since.Ahad not been heard ofBhas not been heard of Chad not heard ofDhas not hear

8、d of解析：選B?？疾闀r態(tài)及語態(tài)。句意為：他姐姐1998年離家出走，從此杳無音信。根據(jù)句中since可知本題需用完成時，同時根據(jù)句意可知需用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。故選B項。2The new dictionaries are very useful.They _well and _already.Asell；have been sold outBsold；had sold outCsell；sell outDare sold；have been sold out解析：選A。第一空sell說明主語的性質(zhì)，為不及物動詞用法，不能用于被動語態(tài)；第二空根據(jù)副詞already可知“已賣完了”；且sell

9、 out(售完)與dictionaries間為被動關(guān)系，故選A項。3Can we sit at the table near the window?Im sorry，but it_already.Awas taken BtookChas taken Dhas been taken解析：選D。it代指the table，和take之間是被動關(guān)系；又根據(jù)already和句意可知用現(xiàn)在完成時，故答案選D項。4. I want to buy this kind of cloth because I_ the cloth _well.Ahave told；washedBhave been told；wa

10、shesChave been told；washedDwas told；washed解析：選B。根據(jù)句意“因為我被告知這種布很好洗”可知第一空用完成時的被動語態(tài)；第二空表示主語具有的屬性，用主動表被動，故用washes。1. 使用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)要注意以下幾點:1) 現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)的兩個助動詞，即have/has和been，兩者缺一不可。2) 只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)，不及物動詞（詞組）沒有被動語態(tài), 如:happen, take place, die, appear, disappear, fail, remain, lie, last, sit , stand, break ou

11、t, come true, belong to等Conclusion:3) 副詞的位置 often, usually, always, never, hardly, seldom等副詞置于have/has和been中間。如: 誤 Such a man has been hardly believed. 正 Such a man has hardly been believed.4 ) 許多不及物動詞加介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語動詞，相當(dāng)于及物動詞，也可以有被動語態(tài)。但短語動詞是一個不可分割的整體，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，不可丟掉構(gòu)成短語的介詞或副詞。如：e.g. A notice has been put

12、up on the wall.5) 非延續(xù)性動詞，如borrow，finish，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join等構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。若要表達(dá)相應(yīng)的意思，則要改換動詞或時態(tài)。. 用括號內(nèi)動詞或詞組的適當(dāng)形式填空1More than 5,000 used bikes_ (collect) since the two brothers set up the organisation.答案：have been collected2Since the cause of this disease_ (discover)，now we ne

13、ed to develop the medicine to treat it.答案：has been discoveredTask4 Consolidation.3Over the past ten years，this town _ (hit)twice by earthquakes.答案：has been hit4Will the lecture be held at 4 oclock this afternoon?No. It_(put off)till tomorrow afternoon.答案：has been put off5Her novel is very popular am

14、ong people of all ages；so far it_(translate) into 25 languages.答案：has been translatedII. Choose the best answers.1. All the preparations for the task _, and were ready to start. A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been done2. - How long _ at this job? - Since 1990. A. were you emp

15、loyed B. have you been employed C. had you been employed D. will you be employed3.When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _ yet. A. are not decided B. have not been decided C. is not being decided D. has not been decided4. Betty_ injured since last Saturday. A . has been B. was C. is D. has5.

16、 That book _into at least 20 foreign languages.A. has said to be translatedB. has been said to have translatedC. is said that it had been translatedD. is said to have been translated注:該句的句型是:It is said that/people (they) said that/that book is said to 根據(jù)句意是已經(jīng)被譯成了20 多種文字所以要用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。6. -Did you mov

17、e into the new house? - No. The rooms _ yet. A. were being painted B. are painting C. have not painted D. have not been painted 1.It was / will be +段時間+ before 表示“才；就”，It was just 3 daysbeforethe book was published. 三 天后那本書就出版了。It will be tens yearsbeforewe meet again. 五年后我們才會在見面。It wasnt long befor

18、e / It wont long before 表示“不久以后就”；It wasnt longbeforehe came home. 他不久后就回到了家里。It wont longbeforeyou get well again. 不久你就可以恢復(fù)健康了。Lead-inAre you familiar with these computers? Can you call them?palmtoplaptop/ notebookdesktop PC WW PCwrist-worn/wearable PCA wrist-worn PC has been invented recently.A pe

19、n-like computer has already been developed.The new campus of Qufu No.1 Middle School has already been built .The houses have been destroyed by the storm.I. Read the sentences from the text, paying attention to the underlined parts.Over time I have been changed quite a lot.2. , I have been used in of

20、fices and homes since the 1970s.3. I never forget anything I have been told!4. Since the 1970s, many new applications have been found for me.5. I have also been put into robots and used to make mobile phones as Task1. Presentation II. Translation 1. Two windows have been broken 2. The car has not be

21、en repaired 兩個窗子被打破了。 這輛汽車還沒有被修好。 3 Have the cars been repaired？ No，they havent4 How long has her work been finished？ 這些汽車修好了嗎？ 不，還沒有。 她的工作完成有多久了？ 講解歸納1. 構(gòu)成： 主動語態(tài) 被動語態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時 have/has doneThe Present Perfect Passive Voice （現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)）have/has been done2. 現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的各種句式：肯定式 have/hasbeendone Your comput

22、er has been repaired. 你的電腦已經(jīng)修好了。否定式 have/hasnotbeendone The desks have not been cleaned. 這些桌子還沒有擦干凈。疑問式Have/Has主語beendone?Has the door been painted?那扇門粉刷了嗎？No，it hasnt.不，還沒有。特殊疑問式 疑問詞havehas主語beendone How long has her work been finished？ 她的工作完成有多久了？3. 現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的主要用法1) 表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響與結(jié)果。當(dāng)動詞為短暫動詞時，

23、可與already或yet連用，但不能與for或since引導(dǎo)的表示一段的時間狀語連用。例如：Im sorry，but the letters havent been typed yet.很抱歉，這些信件還沒有被打印出來。(結(jié)果是，現(xiàn)在還拿不到這些信件)The work has already been finished.工作已完成了。(結(jié)果是，現(xiàn)在不用做這項工作了)2) 表示一個被動的動作或狀態(tài)開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并有可能持續(xù)下去，常與for或since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用，或用于How long.？句型中。例如：The plan has been discussed for nearly

24、 2 hours.這項計劃已被討論了近兩個小時了。3) 用在時間或條件狀語從句中，表示將來某時已完成的動作，即用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)代替將來完成時的被動語態(tài)。You can go home as soon as your task has been finished. 你的任務(wù)一完成就可以回家。. 完成句子1由于大雪，高速公路已經(jīng)被封閉。The freeway _because of the heavy snow.答案：has been closed2對不起，先生，這次展覽的門票已經(jīng)全部賣完了。Sorry，sir，all the tickets for the exhibition _.答案：

25、have been sold outTask 2 Test yourself!3這座城市明年將建多少座大樓？How many high buildings _in this city next year?答案：will be built4為了多種一些谷物，很多樹被砍掉了。Large numbers of trees _to grow more grain.答案：have been cut down5我喜歡這部科幻電影，它已經(jīng)在電視上播了三次了。I like this science fiction film and it _ three times on TV.答案：has been show

26、n. 單項填空1His sister left home in 1998，and _since.Ahad not been heard ofBhas not been heard of Chad not heard ofDhas not heard of解析：選B?？疾闀r態(tài)及語態(tài)。句意為：他姐姐1998年離家出走，從此杳無音信。根據(jù)句中since可知本題需用完成時，同時根據(jù)句意可知需用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。故選B項。2The new dictionaries are very useful.They _well and _already.Asell；have been sold outBsol

27、d；had sold outCsell；sell outDare sold；have been sold out解析：選A。第一空sell說明主語的性質(zhì)，為不及物動詞用法，不能用于被動語態(tài)；第二空根據(jù)副詞already可知“已賣完了”；且sell out(售完)與dictionaries間為被動關(guān)系，故選A項。3Can we sit at the table near the window?Im sorry，but it_already.Awas taken BtookChas taken Dhas been taken解析：選D。it代指the table，和take之間是被動關(guān)系；又根據(jù)a

28、lready和句意可知用現(xiàn)在完成時，故答案選D項。4. I want to buy this kind of cloth because I_ the cloth _well.Ahave told；washedBhave been told；washesChave been told；washedDwas told；washed解析：選B。根據(jù)句意“因為我被告知這種布很好洗”可知第一空用完成時的被動語態(tài)；第二空表示主語具有的屬性，用主動表被動，故用washes。Correct the following sentences.1. A personal computer has bought b

29、y us.2. What has been happened to you? A personal computer has been bought by us.what has happened to you?Task3 Extension3. Our computer just has been joined to the internet. 4. The child has been taken good care by Grandma Wang all these years. Our computer has just been joined to the internet.The

30、child has been taken good care of by Grandma Wang all these years. 5. How long has the book been borrowed ? How long has the book been kept?1. 使用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)要注意以下幾點:1) 現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)的兩個助動詞，即have/has和been，兩者缺一不可。2) 只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)，不及物動詞（詞組）沒有被動語態(tài), 如:happen, take place, die, appear, disappear, fail, remain, li

31、e, last, sit , stand, break out, come true, belong to等Conclusion:3) 副詞的位置 often, usually, always, never, hardly, seldom等副詞置于have/has和been中間。如: 誤 Such a man has been hardly believed. 正 Such a man has hardly been believed.4 ) 許多不及物動詞加介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語動詞，相當(dāng)于及物動詞，也可以有被動語態(tài)。但短語動詞是一個不可分割的整體，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，不可丟掉構(gòu)成短語的介詞或副詞

32、。如：e.g. A notice has been put up on the wall.5) 非延續(xù)性動詞，如borrow，finish，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join等構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。若要表達(dá)相應(yīng)的意思，則要改換動詞或時態(tài)。. 用括號內(nèi)動詞或詞組的適當(dāng)形式填空1More than 5,000 used bikes_ (collect) since the two brothers set up the organisation.答案：have been collected2Since the cause of this

33、 disease_ (discover)，now we need to develop the medicine to treat it.答案：has been discoveredTask4 Consolidation.3Over the past ten years，this town _ (hit)twice by earthquakes.答案：has been hit4Will the lecture be held at 4 oclock this afternoon?No. It_(put off)till tomorrow afternoon.答案：has been put off5Her novel is very popular among people of all ages；so far it_(translate) into 25 languages.答案：has bee