2018年高考英語備考短文改錯(cuò)示范課課件

1、How to correct a composition 短文改錯(cuò) 高考短文改錯(cuò)的短文通常只有110個(gè)詞左右，文體多為第一/三人稱記敘文、應(yīng)用文(以書信為主)。所選取的語言材料貼近實(shí)際生活，多為考生所熟知，且話題貼近學(xué)生，有的帶點(diǎn)幽默，有的包含教育意義。文字淺顯易懂，材料中沒有生僻、超綱的詞匯；句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，基本上是簡單句和并不復(fù)雜的復(fù)合句；語言地道，符合英語語言習(xí)慣。各種錯(cuò)誤所占比例為 1：1：8多缺錯(cuò)命題特點(diǎn) 短文改錯(cuò)的錯(cuò)誤主要是以下兩方面。 一，語法方面。主要考察動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)、非謂語動(dòng)詞、名詞和代詞的各種形式、主謂一致、冠詞、連詞、介詞、詞形(指應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞還是副詞形式，以

2、及平行結(jié)構(gòu)中詞的正確形式) 二，行文邏輯方面。主要考察人物的性別及相應(yīng)的物主代詞或物的數(shù)量及相應(yīng)的物主代詞。句子的并列，遞進(jìn)，轉(zhuǎn)折，因果關(guān)系和時(shí)間的先后順序等。 考點(diǎn) 1“規(guī)范性”原則：要嚴(yán)格按照示范規(guī)定的符號(hào)改錯(cuò)。要記住“”、“”、“”分別表示錯(cuò)詞糾正、缺詞填補(bǔ)、多詞刪除。切忌用文字說明或用箭頭表示。 2“四不改”原則：單詞拼寫不改；大小寫不改；詞序錯(cuò)誤不改(應(yīng)從錯(cuò)詞或少詞方面考慮)；標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)不改。 3“四改動(dòng)”原則：忠實(shí)于原文原則(不可改變原文的原意)；錯(cuò)誤以改動(dòng)最少為原則；虛詞以添加或者刪除為原則；實(shí)詞以改變形式為原則。答題原則?？嫉目键c(diǎn)一、冠詞二、謂語動(dòng)詞形三、非謂語四、名詞數(shù)五、形容

3、詞、副詞六、代詞七、介詞和固定搭配八、復(fù)合句連詞、疑問詞九、邏輯【2015 新課標(biāo)全國I】 but I miss my home in countryside.【2015 新課標(biāo)全國II】 A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside a shop.【2014 新課標(biāo)全國I】 As result, the plants are growing somewhere. 【2014 新課標(biāo)全國II】 There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildi

4、ngs.【2014 遼寧】 Besides, Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day . 一、冠詞thetheaan二、動(dòng)詞形 【2015新課標(biāo)全國I】 When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem. We must found ways

5、to protect your environment.【2015新課標(biāo)全國II】 Tony was scared and begun to cry. If they will give me some information I will tell you.thoughtfindbegan提醒：在含有時(shí)間、條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句中， 主句用將來時(shí)態(tài)，從句中則用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)【2014新課標(biāo)全國II】 My dream school look like a big garden.【2014全國卷大綱版】 The understanding between two friends mean both

6、 of them have similar ideas and trusting each other.【2013陜西卷】 Finally, there were a sudden pull at the pole and fish was caught. looksmeanswas動(dòng)名詞，不定式或從句做主語謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。The students as well as the teacher likes the film. like 1） there be; or; eitheror; neithernor; not (only)but (also); as well as; togethe

7、r with; with; rather than; like; but.就近原則就遠(yuǎn)原則主謂一致特別提醒 Many a student have this kind of phone. Every man and every woman have such a good chance.hashas提醒：主語有every; many a; each或no 修飾或被 這些詞修飾的并列成分做主語謂語用單數(shù)。三、非謂語，細(xì)辨別【2015 新課標(biāo)全國II】 After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where hi

8、s parents were missing. 【2015 浙江】 I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view. 【2015 四川】 I really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing. Weve been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars. 【 2015陜西】 I might have to retire again next year just get some mo

9、re of these biscuits.” lookingsittingtosinging I caught him cheated in the exam. 【2012陜西】 I also shared with my friends many photos taking in Bingjing. 【2013四川】 Mary, my best friend asked me to let her to copy my answers. He has never been heard speak ill of others. cheatingtaken解決方案 除了并列謂語的存在，一個(gè)句子只

10、能有一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞，如出現(xiàn)其他動(dòng)詞就必需轉(zhuǎn)化成非謂語。 to do 表將來的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作。 done 被動(dòng)，完成 doing 主動(dòng)，進(jìn)行 to【2015新課標(biāo)全國II】 A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop 提醒：看動(dòng)詞是充當(dāng)謂語還是非謂語told四、名詞數(shù)【2015 新課標(biāo)全國I】 The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier 【2015 新課標(biāo)全國II】 One day , little Tony went to a shopping cente

11、r with his parent. A group of sheeps are eating grass and leaves at the foot of the hill. The book will give you all the informations you need. airparentssheepinformation單復(fù)數(shù)同形：fish; deer; sheep; means; Chinese; Japanese等不可數(shù)：furniture ；fun；homework；paper；news；progress；trouble；advice; information; wor

12、k（工作); equipment等可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式不單獨(dú)使用，要么用復(fù)數(shù)要么前面加冠詞 In their opinions, they should have more holidays.記清一些用于固定詞組中名詞的特殊用法如： in ones opinion keep ones word take measures to do sth. take action to do sth.opinion五、還要注意形和副 【2015 新課標(biāo)全國I】 Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a ver

13、y seriously problem. Much rare animals are dying out 【2015 新課標(biāo)全國II】 Dad and I were terrible worried. 【2013浙江】 I am awfully tiring.【2012全國新課標(biāo)】 I learned that I had to be more patient and little aggressive.seriousMany terriblytired less解決方案.在系動(dòng)詞（be；感官系動(dòng)詞；become; go; turn等）后要常用形容詞做表語。修飾名詞也用形容詞。.修飾動(dòng)詞，形容

14、詞或整個(gè)句子用副詞.關(guān)注比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的使用。Unfortunate，there are too many people in my family. Unfortunatelyfortunately，luckily，obviously，naturally，interestingly【2013浙江】 I tried hardly to do it.hard六、 代詞格，細(xì)領(lǐng)悟1.人稱代詞主格和賓格，物主代詞的使用反身代詞oneself的使用3不定代詞的使用4Both,all,either,neither,none的使用.Imeweusyouyouyouyouhehimsheherititthey

15、themyoursminehishersitsoursyourstheirs【2014遼寧】 We appreciate our apologies and goodwill, but we hope that you can figure a good way of settling the matter【2013陜西】 We took ours fishing poles and headed for the lake.【 2012陜西】 I will recommend it to any friend of me who is going to Beijing.【 2012浙江】 I

16、knew that they would be worried about myself.yourminemeour【2013 四川】 I let her copy my answers . But after the test, all of us were called to the teachers office. 【2012 重慶】 How are you those days? I have been missing you very much.【2012 重慶】 I was happy when the toys worked, but when things went wrong

17、, I got angry and broke it.【2013 浙江】 Dad lost his job, and as Mom explained, “he was lucky to find other one”boththesethemanother考點(diǎn)剖析 此類題的錯(cuò)誤設(shè)置一般包括以下幾個(gè)方面： 1) 代詞指代的人或事物前后不一致的錯(cuò)誤. 2) “it” 一詞的不當(dāng)使用(包括用于從句中或作形式主語或賓語). 3) 不定代詞或反身代詞的誤用.七、介詞、短語要記住 主要考查習(xí)慣搭配方面的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，錯(cuò)誤表現(xiàn)形式主要有多詞、少詞和搭配錯(cuò)誤。【2015 新課標(biāo)全國II】 Tony saw a

18、toy on a shop window. 【2015 新課標(biāo)全國I】 Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. 【2014 新課標(biāo)全國I】 We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sat by the lake listening music. inwithto lose my heart such many people 【2015 四川】 Please help with me and give me some

19、advice. I carefully wrote down her address, phone number and the set time in case of I forget.so八、句子成分多分析 不同的句子成分要用不同的詞類；不同的語境要選擇不同的詞語。這些都有待于我們對句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子成分作細(xì)致的分析，才能找出用詞不當(dāng)?shù)腻e(cuò)誤?！?015 新課標(biāo)全國II】 he turned around and found where his parents were missing. 【2015 四川】 How do you think I should do? 【2014四川】 If yo

20、u notice that when someone is missing and hurt, tell your teacher immediately. that或What 九、邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注 與句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，屬于邏輯性錯(cuò)誤。如稱謂上的張冠李戴，人名、地名、時(shí)間、方位等方面的錯(cuò)誤常是這類錯(cuò)誤的考查對象。 【2015 新課標(biāo)全國I】 There the air is clean or the mountains are green. 【2014 浙江】 A passenger realized he couldnt find his ticket but became q

21、uite upset. andand【2013 新課標(biāo)全國I】 He was the gentlest man I have never know. 【2012 遼寧】 In the end, we drove to a service station and waited there till the road was clear. In the car park here Gina nearly got knocked over as a car drove out far too quickly.everthere 【2015 陜西】 I wanted to do anything sp

22、ecial for him at his retirement party.【2015 四川】 I dont like to go anymore, so Im afraid Ill lose their friendship. what do you think I should do? somethingbut解決方案: (1)培養(yǎng)用英語思維的良好習(xí)慣，避免漢語影響. (2)分析句子成分，把握句子結(jié)構(gòu) . (3) 結(jié)合上下文，完整領(lǐng)會(huì)短文內(nèi)容 .【解題步驟】1 瀏覽全文，掌握大意2 分句閱讀，逐句找錯(cuò)3 檢查核對，攻克難點(diǎn)4 規(guī)范答題 不留空白短篇練習(xí)At Christmas Eve, Jim went with hisfather to choose a Christmas tree. They choose a big one. It was almost as taller as the room!They put them in the corner of the sitting_on_chose_tall_it動(dòng)詞形介詞短語常?？迹?xí)慣用法要記住還要注意形和副代詞格，細(xì)領(lǐng)悟高考英語短文改錯(cuò)模擬訓(xùn)練room. Kate was covered