職稱英語理工類b級

1、閱讀判斷*第十一篇Computer MouseThe basic computer mouse is an amazingly clever invention with a relatively simple design that allows us to point at things on the computer and it is very productive. Think of all the things you can do with a mouse like selecting text for copying and pasting1，drawing，and even

2、scrolling on the page with the newer mice with the wheel. Most of us use the computer mouse daily without stopping to think2 how it works until it gets dirty and we have to learn how to clean it. We learn to point at things before we learn to speak，so the mouse is a very natural pointing device. Qth

3、er computer pointing devices include light pens，graphics tablets and touch screens，but the mouse is still our workhorse.The computer mouse was invented in 1964 by Douglas Englehart of Stanford University. As computer screens became more popular and arrow keys were used to move around a body of text，

4、it became clear that a pointing device that allowed easier motion through the text and even selection of text would be very useful. The introduction of the mouse，with the Apple Lisa computer in 1983，really started the computer public on the road to relying on the mouse for routine computer tasks.3Ho

5、w does the mouse work? We have to start at the bottom，so think upside down for now. It all starts with the mouse ball. As the mouse ball in the bottom of the mouse rolls over the mouse pad，it presses against and turns two shafts. The shafts are connected to wheels with several small holes in them. T

6、he wheels have a pair of small electronic light-emitting devices called light-emitting diodes (LED) mounted on either side4. One LED sends a light beam to the LED on the other side. As the wheels spin and a hole rotates by，the light beam gets through to the LED on the other side. But a moment later

7、the light beam is blocked until the next hole is in place. The LED detects a changing pattern of light，converts the pattern into an electronic signal，and sends the signal to the computer through wires in a cable that goes out of the mouse body. This cable is the tail that helps give the mouse its na

8、me. The computer interprets the signal to tell it where to position the cursor on the computer screen.So far we have only discussed the basic computer mouse that most of you probably have or have used.5One problem with this design is that the mouse gets dirty as the ball rolls over the surface and p

9、icks up dirt. Eventually you have to clean your mouse. The newer optical mice avoid this problem by having no moving parts.參考譯文：第十一篇 電腦鼠標(biāo)電腦鼠標(biāo)是一個驚人的巧妙發(fā)明，它設(shè)計簡單，但卻使我們能夠?qū)﹄娔X屏幕上的東西進行非常有效的指揮。想想你可以用鼠標(biāo)做的那些事情，比如復(fù)制粘貼，繪畫，甚至用新式鼠標(biāo)上的滾輪使網(wǎng)頁上下滾動。我們大多數(shù)人每天都用電腦鼠標(biāo)，卻從來沒有停下來想想它是怎樣工作的，直到有一天它變臟了，而我們又必須學(xué)會如何對它進行清潔。我們會說話之前就已經(jīng)學(xué)會

10、用手指東西，所以鼠標(biāo)是一個很自然的指針設(shè)備。其他電腦指針設(shè)備還包括光筆，圖形片和觸摸屏等，但鼠標(biāo)仍然是我們的主要工具。電腦鼠標(biāo)由斯坦福大學(xué)的道格拉斯恩格爾哈特在1964年發(fā)明。隨著電腦屏幕越來越受歡迎，而且箭頭鍵可以在一個文本上隨意移動，人們認(rèn)識到一個能自由移動甚至選擇文本的游標(biāo)裝置將是非常有用的。1983年鼠標(biāo)的引進和蘋果電腦麗莎的開始使用，使廣大電腦用戶開始踏上一條依賴鼠標(biāo)完成常規(guī)電腦工作的道路。鼠標(biāo)是怎樣工作的？我們得從底都開始，所以現(xiàn)在把鼠標(biāo)倒過來看。一切都開始于鼠標(biāo)球。當(dāng)鼠標(biāo)底部的球在鼠標(biāo)墊上滾動的時候，它壓迫到兩個滾軸并使其轉(zhuǎn)動。這兩個軸上有一些小孔，并與滾輪相連。滾輪兩邊各有一個

11、叫做發(fā)光二極管的小型電子發(fā)光器件。其中一個發(fā)光二極管向另一個發(fā)出一個光束。當(dāng)滾輪轉(zhuǎn)過一個小孔時，光束通過小孔到達另一邊的發(fā)光二極管。但稍后該光束被阻塞，直到下一下孔轉(zhuǎn)動到這個位置。發(fā)光二段管檢測出光束的變化模式，將該模式轉(zhuǎn)換成電子信號，并通過一條延伸出鼠標(biāo)的電纜將信號傳輸給電腦，這條像尾巴一樣的電纜正是鼠標(biāo)得名的原因。電腦通過解讀信號確定光標(biāo)在電腦屏幕上的位置。到目前為止，我們只限于討論基本型的電腦鼠標(biāo)，你們中間多數(shù)人也許擁有一個鼠標(biāo)，也許你們已用過鼠標(biāo)。這樣的設(shè)計帶來的一個問題是，滾球滾動時表面吸附的灰塵會使鼠標(biāo)變臟，所以昀終你必須對它進行清潔。較新的光學(xué)鼠標(biāo)由于沒有可移動的部件就避免了這一

12、問題的產(chǎn)生。第十二篇 Study Helps Predict Big Mediterranean Quake Scientists have found evidence that an overlooked fault in the eastern Mediterranean1 is likely to produce an earthquake and tsunami every 800 years as powerful as the one that destroyed Alexandria2 in AD3 365. Using radiocarbon dating technique

13、s, simulations and computer models, the researchers recreated the ancient disaster in order to identify the responsible fault. We are saying there is probably a repeat time of 800 years for this kind of earthquake, said Ms Beth Shaw, an earthquake scientist at the University of Cambridge, who led th

14、e study. Scientists study past earthquakes in order to determine the future possibility of similar large shocks. Identifying the fault for the AD 365 earthquake and tsunami is important for the tens of millions of people in the region, Ms. Shaw said. The fault close to the southwest coast of Crete4

15、last produced a big enough quake to generate a tsunami about 1300, which means the next powerful one could come in the next 100 years, she added in a telephone interview. Ms. Shaw and her colleagues calculate the likely intervals by measuring the motion of either side of the fault to find how often

16、such large earthquakes would have to occur to account for that level of motion, she said. Their computer model suggested an 8 magnitude quake on the fault would produce a tsunami that floods the coastal regions of Alexandria and North Africa, the southern coast of Greece5 and Sicily6 all the way up

17、the Adriati7 to Dubrovnik8. This would be similar to the ancient quake in AD 365 that caused widespread destruction in much of Greece and unleashed a tsunami that flooded Alexandria and the Nile Delta9, likely killing tens of thousands of people, she said.參考譯文第十二篇 科學(xué)家研究預(yù)測地中海地區(qū)大地震公元365年，東部地中海地區(qū)發(fā)生特大地震

18、和海嘯，摧毀了亞歷山大市，科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)找到了證據(jù)證明：那里存在的一直被人忽視的斷層，每隔800年就有可能就引發(fā)一次強地震和海嘯。通過運用放射性碳素技術(shù)和計算機仿真模型，研究者們重建了古代那場災(zāi)難，以便證實是斷層引發(fā)了地震?！拔覀冋J(rèn)為每800年就會出現(xiàn)一次這種類型的地震?！必撠?zé)此項研究的劍橋大學(xué)地震學(xué)家貝絲肖恩女士說道?？茖W(xué)家們研究以往的地震，為的是確定未來出現(xiàn)同種大地震的可能性。肖恩女士說：對于地中海地區(qū)上千萬的居民來說，確定是斷層引發(fā)了公元365年地震和海嘯非常重要。她在一次電話訪問中進而補充說：克里特島西南海岸附近的斷層昀后一次引發(fā)足以引起海嘯的大地震是在公元1300年左右，這就意味著下一

19、次強地震將在未來的100年中出現(xiàn)。肖恩女士說，她和她的同事測量了斷層兩側(cè)的震動強度，并確定大規(guī)模地震多久發(fā)生一次才會引起這樣的震動強度，從而推算出地震產(chǎn)生的大致間隔時間。根據(jù)其計算機仿真模型顯示，如果斷層產(chǎn)生8級的震動，那么它引發(fā)的海嘯就會淹沒亞歷山大市和北非的沿海地區(qū)、希臘和西西里島的南部海岸、以及從要費里亞海到杜布羅夫尼克的廣大地區(qū)。這個近似于公元365年摧毀大部分希臘地區(qū)的地震，當(dāng)時地震引發(fā)的海嘯吞噬了亞歷山大市和尼羅河三角洲，造成工上千萬人死亡。概況大意與完成句子第十一篇 The Tiniest Electric Motor in the World 1 Scientists rece

20、ntly made public the tiniest electric motor ever1 built. You could stuff hundreds of them into the period at the end of this sentence. One day a similar engine might power a tiny mechanical doctor that would travel through your body to remove your disease. 2 The motor works by shuffling atoms betwee

21、n two molten metal droplets in a carbon nanotube. One droplet is even smaller than the other. When a small electric current is applied to the droplets, atoms slowly get out of the larger droplet and join the smaller one. The small droplet grows but never gets as big as the other droplet and eventual

22、ly bumps into the large droplet. As they touch, the large droplet rapidly sops up the atoms it had previously lost. This quick shift in energy produces a power stroke2. 3 The technique exploits the fact that surface tension the tendency of atoms or molecules to resist separating becomes more importa

23、nt at small scales3. Surface tension is the same thing that allows some insects to walk on water. 4 Although the amount of energy produced is small 20 microwatt s it is quite impressive in relation to the tiny scale of the motor4. The whole setup5 is less than 200 nanometers on a side, or hundreds o

24、f times smaller than the width of a human hair. If it could be scaled up to the size of an automobile engine6, it would be too million times more powerful than a Toyota Camrys 225 horsepower V6 engine. 5 In 1988, Professor Richard Muller and colleagues made the first operating micromotor, which was

25、100 microns across7, or about the thickness of a human hair. In 2003, Zettls group created the first nanoscale motor. In 2006, they built a nanoconveyor, which moves tiny particles along like cars in a factory. 6 Nanotechnology engineers try to mimic nature, building things atom-by-atom. Among other

26、 things, nanomotors could be used in optical circuits to redirect light, a process called optical switching. Futurists envision a day when nanomachines, powered by nanomotors, travel inside your body to find disease and repair damaged cells.參考譯文：第十一篇 世界上昀小的電動機昀近科學(xué)家公布了現(xiàn)有的昀小的電動機。就是在一個句號里，上百個這樣的電動機也能來回

27、地運動。將來有一天，類似的發(fā)動機也許能夠為一個機械醫(yī)生提供動力，在人的身體里自由移動，治療疾病。發(fā)動機通過碳納米管中的原子在兩小滴金屬溶液間的來回運動進行工作。其中一個小滴甚至比另一個還要小。當(dāng)微弱的電流通過時，大一點的小滴金屬溶液中的原子就會緩慢逸出，進入小一點的小滴。這樣，后者體積不斷增大但決不會大到和前者一樣昀后，與大一點的小滴金屬溶液相撞。當(dāng)他們接觸時，大的小滴便奪回它失去的原子。能量這樣迅速地來回運動就產(chǎn)生一次動力沖程。這項技術(shù)利用了表面張力的原理原子或分子有不愿被分開的傾向這在納米等級上更加重要。表面張力同樣也使某些昆蟲能在水上行走。雖然這樣產(chǎn)生的能量很少只有20微瓦，但與電動機的

28、小等級相比，功率也是相當(dāng)可觀了。整個裝置的體積不到200納米，比起人類一根頭發(fā)的寬度，它要小幾百倍。如果納米電動機能按比例放大到汽車發(fā)動機的尺寸，它將會比豐田凱美瑞的225馬力的V6引擎還要大1億倍。1988年，理查德烏勒教授和他的同事發(fā)明了第一臺微型發(fā)動機，100微米長，或者說有一根頭發(fā)那么粗。2003年，澤特爾的小組制造出第一臺納米級的發(fā)動機。2006年，他們又造出了納米傳送帶，能夠像工廠里傳送汽車那樣移動極小的粒子。納米技術(shù)的工程師盡力去模擬自然，用一個個原子來制造物體。在這些事物當(dāng)中，納米發(fā)動機能夠被用于光電路來改變光的方向，該過程被稱為光學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)換。未來主義者預(yù)想有一天，被納米發(fā)動機驅(qū)動

29、的納米機器能在人體內(nèi)移動，發(fā)現(xiàn)疾病并修復(fù)被破壞的細胞。第十二篇 A Strong Greenhouse Gas 1 Methane is a colorless, odorless gas; it is also a potent greenhouse gas, and once released into the atmosphere1, it absorbs heat radiating from Earths surface. Thats why methane is a major contributor to the planets increasing temperature ri

30、se or global warming. Molecule for molecule, methanes heat-trapping power in the atmosphere is 21 times stronger than carbon dioxide2, the most abundant greenhouse gas. 2 With 13 billion cows belching almost constantly around the world (100 million in the U. S. alone), its no surprise that methane r

31、eleased by livestock is one of the chief global sources of the gas. Other prime methane sources: petroleum, drilling, coal mining, solid-waste landfills and wet lands. 3 Greenhouse gases like methane and carbon dioxide make up only a small part of Earths atmosphere, which is 78 percent nitrogen and

32、nearly 21 percent oxygen. And without greenhouse gases to trap the suns heat and warm the planet, life as we know it couldnt exist3. But in the last 200 years, human activity that requires burning oil, natural gas, and coal for energy has magnified the greenhouse effect. 4 Atmospheric concentrations

33、 of methane have more than doubled in the last two centuries. Blame for this often focuses on big industries and gas-guzzling vehicles. But agriculture plays a major role, too. In the past 40 years alone, the global cattle population has doubled. 5 Cows munch mostly grasses and hay yet they grow big

34、 and hefty. Why? Because of the rumen. The rumen holds 160 liters of food and billions of microbes. These microscopic bacteria and break down cellulose and fiber into digestible nutrients. A cow couldnt live without its microbes. As the microbes digest cellulose, they release methane. The process oc

35、curs in all animals with a rumen (cows, sheep, and goats, for example), and it make them very gassy. Its part of their normal digestion process. When they chew their cud, they regurgitate some food to rechew it, and all this gas comes out. The average cow expels 600 liters of methane a day. 參考譯文：第十二

36、篇 一種強烈的溫室氣體甲烷是一種無色無味的氣體，同時也是一種很強烈的溫室氣體，一旦釋放到空氣中，就會吸收地球表面散發(fā)的熱量。所以說甲烷是使這個星球日趨變暖(或叫全球變暖)的一個主要原因。按分子與分子對比，甲烷在大氣中吸收熱量的能力是二氧化碳昀豐富的溫室氣體的21倍。由于全世界有130億頭牛幾乎在連續(xù)不斷地打嗝（僅美國就有一億頭），難怪由牲畜釋放的甲烷就成為了一種主要的全球性甲烷來源。其他主要的甲烷來源有：石油、鉆井、采煤、固體垃圾以及沼澤地。甲烷和二氧化碳等溫室氣體只占地球大氣的一小部分，大氣中78%為氮氣，將近21%為氧氣。如果沒有溫室氣體來吸收太陽的熱量，使地球變暖，我們所知道的生命就不會

37、存在。但在過去的200年里，通過燃燒油、天然氣和煤來獲取能量的人類活動加劇了溫室效應(yīng)。在過去的兩個世紀(jì)里，甲烷在大氣中的濃度地加了一倍多，人們常常將此歸罪于大工業(yè)和汽車。但是農(nóng)業(yè)在其中也扮演了一個重要角色。僅在過去40年里，全球牲畜數(shù)量就翻了一番。牛吃的大部分是草，但卻長得身高體壯。原因何在？在于它們都長有瘤胃。它們的瘤胃容納160升的食物，養(yǎng)育數(shù)十億的微生物。這些微小的細菌和原生動物可分解纖維素，形成可吸收的營養(yǎng)。沒有這些微生物牛就無法生存。由于微生物可吸收纖維素，所以就會釋放出甲烷。所有長有瘤胃的動物（比如牛、綿羊和山羊）都會這樣，因此它們經(jīng)常釋放出氣體。這是它們的正常吸收過程的一部分。它

38、們反芻時，就會將食物重新咀嚼，于是就釋放出氣體。一般每頭牛每天會排出600升甲烷。因此，我們認(rèn)為，牲畜釋放的氣體也是全球變暖的一個主要因素。閱讀理解第三十一篇 Hurricane Katrina A hurricane is n fiercely powerful , rotating form of tropical storm that can be 124 to 1,240 miles in diameter. The term hurricane is derived from Hurican, the name of 8 native American storm god1. Hur

39、ricanes are typical of2 a calm central region of low pressure between 12 to 60 miles in diameter, known as the eye. They occur in tropical regions. Over its lifetime3, one of these storms can release as much energy as 10,000 nuclear bombs4. The seed for hurricane formation5 is a cluster of thunderst

40、orms over warm tropical waters. Hurricanes can only form and be fed6 when the sea-surface temperature exceeds 270C and the surrounding atmosphere is calm. These requirements are met between June and November in the northern hemisphere. Under these conditions, large quantities of water evaporate and

41、condense into clouds and rain releasing heat in the process. It is this heat energy, combined with the rotation of the Earth, that drives a hurricane. When the warm column of air7 from the sea surface first begins to rise, it causes an area of low pressure. This in turn creates wind as air is drawn

42、into the area. This spinning wind drags up more moisture-laden air from the sea surface in a process that swells the storm8. Cold air falls back to the ocean surface through the eye9 and on the outside of the storm. Initially, when wind speeds reach 23 miles per hour, these mild, wet and grey weathe

43、r systems are known as depressions10. Hurricane Katrina formed in this way over the southeastern Bahamas on 23 August 2005. Katrina has had a devastating impact on the Gulf Coast of the US, leaving a disaster zone of 90,000 square miles in its wake11 almost the size of the UK. Thousands have been ki

44、lled or injured and more than half a million people have been displaced in a humanitarian crisis of a scale not seen in the US since the great depression.12 The cost of the damage may top13 $ 100 billion.第三十一篇 卡特里娜颶風(fēng)颶風(fēng)是一種猛烈、強大、螺旋形式的熱帶風(fēng)暴，直徑可達1241240英哩。颶風(fēng)hurricane一詞是由Hurica一詞衍生而來，Hurican是美國本地風(fēng)暴之神的名字。颶

45、風(fēng)的特征是其中心的無風(fēng)區(qū)域氣壓低，直徑在1260英里之間，被稱作風(fēng)眼。它們在熱帶區(qū)域出現(xiàn)。在颶風(fēng)肆虐整個過程中，有一種颶風(fēng)可釋放相當(dāng)于1萬顆核彈的能量。颶風(fēng)形成的原因是由于雷暴聚集在溫暖的熱帶水面上。只有當(dāng)海平面的溫度超過27攝氏度并且周圍的空氣穩(wěn)定時，颶風(fēng)才能形成，壯大。在6月到11月之間的北半球這些條件可達到。在這些條件下，大量的水蒸氣凝結(jié)成云和雨，并在此過程中釋放熱量。正是這些熱能，加上地球的自轉(zhuǎn)驅(qū)動著颶風(fēng)。當(dāng)海平面的柱狀暖氣流首次開始上升時，它會引起一片低氣壓區(qū)，而這一區(qū)域緊接著會形成風(fēng)，因為空氣被吸引流動進這一區(qū)域。這一旋轉(zhuǎn)運動的風(fēng)帶起了海面上更多的充滿水汽的空氣。這一過程增大了暴風(fēng)

46、的威力。冷空氣通過暴風(fēng)中心降回海面，落到暴風(fēng)外圍。開始，當(dāng)風(fēng)速達到每小時23英時，這些溫和、潮濕、灰色的氣候系統(tǒng)被稱作低氣壓區(qū)。2005年的8月23日，卡特里娜颶風(fēng)以這種方式在巴哈馬群島東南形成?？ㄌ乩锬蕊Z風(fēng)對美國墨西哥灣沿岸造成了毀滅性打擊，其后留下了面積為9萬平方英里的受災(zāi)區(qū)域幾乎和英國的面積一樣大。數(shù)以千計的人因此傷亡。五十多萬人被迫離開家園，如此大規(guī)模的人道主義危機是美國自大蕭條以來還未經(jīng)歷過的。此次颶風(fēng)造成的破壞可能超過1千億美元。 第三十二篇 Mind-reading1 Machine（B級） A team of researchers in California has deve

47、loped a way to predict what kinds of objects people are looking at by scanning whats happening in their brains. When you look at something, your eyes send a signal about that object to your brain. Different regions of the brain process the information your eyes send. Cells in your brain called neuro

48、ns are responsible for this processing. The fMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging)2 brain scans could generally match electrical activity in the brain to the basic shape of a picture that someone was looking at. Like cells anywhere else in your body, active neurons use oxygen. Blood brings oxy

49、gen to the neurons, and the more active a neuron is, the more oxygen it will consume. The more active a region of the brain, the more active its neurons, and in turn, the more blood will travel to that region. And by using fMRI, scientists can visualize3 which parts of the brain receive more oxygen-

50、rich blood and therefore, which parts are working to process information. An fMRI machine is a device that scans the brain and measures changes in blood flow to the brain. The technology shows researchers how brain activity changes when a person thinks, looks at something, or carries out an activity

51、 like speaking or reading. By highlighting the areas of the brain at work when a person looks at different images, fMRI may help scientists determine specific patterns of brain activity associated with different kinds of images. The California researchers tested brain activity by having two voluntee

52、rs view hundreds of pictures of everyday objects, like people, animals, and fruits. The scientists used an fMRI machine to record the volunteers brain activity with each photograph they looked at. Different objects caused different regions of the volunteers brains to light up on the scan, indicating

53、 activity. The scientists used this information to build a model to predict how the brain might respond to any image the eyes see. In a second test, the scientists asked the volunteers to look at 120 new pictures. Like before, their brains were scanned every time they looked at a new image. This tim

54、e, the scientists used their model to match the fMRI scans to the image. For example, if a scan in the second test showed the same pattern of brain activity that was strongly related to pictures of apples in the first test, their model would have predicted the volunteers were looking at apples.第三十二篇

55、 讀心機一個加州的研究團隊開發(fā)了一種可以通過掃描人體大腦所發(fā)生的變化從而預(yù)測出這個人正在看一些什么樣的物體的方法。當(dāng)你注視一些物體時，你的眼睛會發(fā)送一個關(guān)于該物體的信號到你的大腦中。大腦的不同區(qū)域處理眼睛發(fā)送的這些信號。大腦中負責(zé)這個過程的細胞叫做神經(jīng)元。fMBI(功能性磁振造影)腦掃描可以大體地比較大腦中人們對所觀察物體基本形狀的電運動。像身體中其他地方的細胞一樣，活躍的神經(jīng)元細胞也需要氧氣。血液為神經(jīng)元提供氧氣，神經(jīng)元越活躍，對氧氣量的需求越大。大腦中越是活躍的區(qū)域，它的神經(jīng)元也就越活躍。為此，更多的血液會流經(jīng)這一區(qū)域。那么通過使用fMRI，科學(xué)家可以使大腦中接收相對多的富氧血液的部分可視

56、化。因此，可視化的部分就是處理信息的部分。fMRI機是一種可以掃描大腦和測量流向大腦的血液變化的設(shè)備。這項技術(shù)為研究者顯示，當(dāng)人們思考觀察進行像說話閱讀這樣的活動時，大腦運動的變化。通過突出顯示人們觀看不同圖像時頭腦工作的區(qū)域，fMRI可以幫助科學(xué)家們確定與不同圖像相關(guān)的大腦活動的具體形式。加州的研究者讓兩個志愿者觀測數(shù)百個諸如人、動物和水果這樣的日常事物。他們用這樣方式來測試大腦的活動?？茖W(xué)家使用fMRI機來記錄志愿者看每一張圖片時大腦的活動。顯示這一活動時，不同物體會使志愿者大腦的不同區(qū)域在掃描時亮度增加?？茖W(xué)家利用此信息來建立一種模式去預(yù)測大腦對所看到事物可能如何反映。在第二個測試中，科

57、學(xué)家讓志愿者看120個新圖像。和以前一樣，他們每看一張新圖像時大腦都被掃描一次。這次，科學(xué)家用他們的模式來比較fMRI掃描的圖像。例如，如果圖像在第二次測試顯示相同的形式的大腦活動，同時，該腦活動與在第一次測試中蘋果圖片有大關(guān)聯(lián)，那么這個模式可能會預(yù)測出志愿者們正在看一些蘋果。第三十三篇 Experts Call for Local and Regional Control of Sites for Radioactive Waste (B級) The withdrawal of Nevadas Yucca Mountain as a potential nuclear waste repos

58、itory1 has reopened the debate over how and where to dispose of spent nuclear fuel and high-level nuclear waste. In an article in the July 10 issue of Science, University of Michigan2 geologist Rodney Ewing and Princeton University3 nuclear physicist Frank von Hippel argue that, although federal age

59、ncies should set standards and issue licenses for the approval of nuclear facilities, local communities and states should have the final approval on the siting of these facilities. The authors propose the development of multiple sites that would service the regions where nuclear reactors are located

60、. “The main goal, should be to provide the United States with multiple alternatives and substantial public involvement in an open siting and design process that requires acceptance by host communities and states,”the authors write. Ewing and von Hippel also analyze the reasons why Yucca Mountain, se