2021屆高考專題突破---語法填空-(課堂版)課件(56頁PPT)

1、專題一 語法填空 第1頁，共56頁。第2頁，共56頁。第3頁，共56頁。第4頁，共56頁。第5頁，共56頁。第6頁，共56頁。第7頁，共56頁。名詞 - 單復數(shù) 、詞形變化（動詞/形容詞） 第8頁，共56頁。名詞 - 單復數(shù) 、詞形變化（動詞/形容詞） 第9頁，共56頁。典例1We are so proud of her. Its 70 (wonder).(2019全國)【解析】根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，在系動詞is之后用形容詞形式作表語，故填wonderful。二、提示詞為名詞一般考查名詞單復數(shù)；有時也考名詞變動詞和名詞變形容詞。典例2Afterwards,thegroupwilltaketrain

2、ing classeswithprofessionalfootball2(coach)fromSpain【解析】考查名詞。句意：之后，他們將與來自西班牙的職業(yè)足球教練一起上訓練課。coach是可數(shù)名詞，此處用復數(shù)表示泛指，故填coaches。課后自主練習第10頁，共56頁。第11頁，共56頁。1動詞 - 詞形變換 前綴 后綴 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換 第12頁，共56頁。典例1When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting _66_(compete) to watc

3、h, together with the story behind it. (2019全國卷III)【解析】由空格前的不定冠詞an與空格后的不定式towatch可以確定空格處應(yīng)該填名詞形式。故填competition。典例2 OtherAmericanstudiesshowedno_64_(connect)betweenuniformsandschoolperformance.【解析】no是形容詞，形容詞修飾名詞，位于名詞前，名詞可用復數(shù)也可用單數(shù)形式。connect是動詞，“聯(lián)系”的意思，因此，要用其名詞形式。故填connection/connections。課后自主練習第13頁，共56頁。

4、提示詞為動詞動詞在7個提示詞中所占的比重最大，一般4個第14頁，共56頁。2動詞 - 謂語用法 時態(tài)/語態(tài)/主謂一致第15頁，共56頁。判斷所填空處為謂語動詞之后，根據(jù)以下三個步驟做題：第16頁，共56頁。典例1 Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award Irene_64_(declare)shehadnoplans to retire from her 36-year-old （ 2019全國 2 ） 課后自主練習典例2 Our hosts shared many of their experiences and _65_ (recommend) wond

5、erful places to eat，shop，and visit. 【解析】根據(jù)兩個前后句之間的連詞and,和前一個動詞shared，可以判斷前后的時態(tài)要一致，所以應(yīng)該填recommended ，也要是一般過去時態(tài)。第17頁，共56頁。典例3On the last day of our week-long stay，we 69 (invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars,70.listening to musicians and meeting inte

6、resting locals.(2019全國)were invited由“On the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子時態(tài)為一般過去時。根據(jù)句意知我們被邀請去參加一場私人音樂會，所以用被動語態(tài)。主語為we，故填were invited。第18頁，共56頁。3動詞 - 非謂語用法 to do / doing / done 第19頁，共56頁。判斷所填空處為非謂語動詞之后，根據(jù)以下考點：第20頁，共56頁。典例1Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene 64 (declare) she

7、had no plans 65.to retire from her 36-year-old business.(2019全國)課后自主練習典例2On the last day of our week-long stay，we 69 (invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars,70.listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals.(2019全國)第21頁，共56頁。第22頁，共56頁。1 形容詞-副

8、詞 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換第23頁，共56頁。2 形容詞-副詞 級別變化第24頁，共56頁。第25頁，共56頁。 人稱代詞-形容詞性物主代詞-名詞性物主代詞-反身代詞 第26頁，共56頁。典例12Tenzin, along with _(he) fellow students, was selected from more than 60 candidates, all of whom are from remote regions in Tibet.提示詞為代詞: 一般考查人稱代詞變?yōu)槲镏鞔~，主格變?yōu)橘e格， 有時也考查人稱代詞變?yōu)榉瓷泶~。典例13When the gorillas and I frig

9、htened each other，I was just glad to find 68 (they) alive.(2018全國)【解析】them此處作find 的賓語，所以用賓格them。課后自主練習第27頁，共56頁。第28頁，共56頁。 填連詞, 構(gòu)成并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、選擇、因果關(guān)系。 第29頁，共56頁?？崭窈笥锌蓴?shù)名詞，或者有序數(shù)詞、最高級等形式，一般是填冠詞。第30頁，共56頁。填代詞，指代前面提到的名詞或句子。Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they r

10、ealize how cheap 58_ can be to eat out.(2018浙江)答案：it 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，不定式to eat out是真正的主語，it 是形式主語。填it。it is / can be cheap to eat outhow cheap it is / can be to eat out.第31頁，共56頁。填介詞，位于名詞、名詞詞組、代詞或動名詞前；動詞后面的固定搭配，需要強化記憶。We were first greeted with the barking by a pack 63 dogs，seven to be exact.(2019全國)答案：of考

11、查介詞。固定短語a pack of意為“一群”。故填of。第32頁，共56頁。填從句引導詞： 當空格后為句子，而此句子又不與前面或后面的句子并列時，一般是填從句引導詞。第33頁，共56頁?？枷蛞?有提示詞 設(shè)置7個小題高頻考點謂語動詞12題：考查時態(tài)語態(tài)及主謂一致.其中涉及語態(tài)方面的不超過1題，答案最多三個單詞。非謂語動詞13題：考查不定式、動名詞與分詞，每種最多設(shè)1題。派生詞13題： 考查方式有動詞派生為名詞.名詞派生為形容詞或動詞、形容詞派生為副詞等。每種最多設(shè)1題。名詞01題: 主要考查可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)，也可能會考查名詞的所有格。形容詞和副詞類01題: 主要考查形容詞和副詞詞性的轉(zhuǎn)換，以及

12、其比較級或最高級。低頻考點代詞: 01題。一般給出人稱代詞的主格，要求考生填其賓格、名詞性或形容詞性 物主代詞、反身代詞等。第34頁，共56頁?？枷蚨?無提示詞 設(shè)置3個小題高頻考點介詞01題：重點考查常見介詞的基本用法或固定搭配中的介詞，一般 不涉及短語介詞。冠詞01題：重點考查冠詞的特指、泛指用法或固定搭配中的冠詞， 一般不涉及零冠詞。從屬關(guān)聯(lián)詞02題：側(cè)重于定語從句的引導詞。此外，名詞性從句、狀語從句 的引導詞也偶有涉及。并列連詞01題：并列句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞也偶有涉及。低頻考點其他01題：包括助動詞(如強調(diào)謂語動詞的do, does, did;構(gòu)成部分倒 裝的do, does，did;構(gòu)成一般

13、疑問句的do, does ,did), 構(gòu)成強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的it或that, 連接性副詞(before, ago, however,anyway.)等。第35頁，共56頁。 Classical Chinese garden design aims to create a natural landscape on a small scale and emphasize the perfect harmony between man and nature. A Chinese garden1(be) like a scroll(卷軸)painting,2(show) a series of carefu

14、lly composed scenes. New views are revealed as one walks along the pathways. In the gardens,3most frequently meets the eye is winding paths that seemingly lead to nowhere. There, a path seems to end, but all of4 sudden, a new world is rolled out before you: pavilions(亭子), rock formations, spring wat

15、ersall combined to provide a pleasant surprise! At the 5(enter) to a Chinese garden, there is usually a huge stone or wall. 6(use) to screen your view so as to later produce unimaginable delight when you turn around the wall. A Chinese garden may have windows in all 7(it) four walls. And it is 8(int

16、erest) that, through the windows, visitors may see different views at different angles, and thus the composition of the garden becomes enlarged. A Chinese garden is where culture is both created and enjoyed. All plants mark the shift of the9(season). Similarly, water, a symbol of the ever-changing,1

17、0 rocks, a symbol of the eternal(永恒的), create a harmonious balance of natures yin and yang.課后練習第36頁，共56頁。答案語篇解讀本文為說明文。中國古典園林設(shè)計的目的是創(chuàng)造一個小規(guī)模的自然景觀,強調(diào)人與自然的完美和諧。中國古典園林就像一幅卷軸畫,展示了一系列精心構(gòu)成的場景。1.is考查動詞時態(tài)及主謂一致。分析句子可知,本句中的主語是單數(shù),所以謂語動詞要用is。2.showing考查非謂語作定語。句意:一個中國園林就像一卷畫,展示了一系列精心構(gòu)成的場景。此處在句中可作定語,修飾painting, 二者是主

18、動關(guān)系,故用showing。第37頁，共56頁。3.what考查名詞性從句。句意:在園林里,最常見到的是蜿蜒的小徑,似乎是無盡的。句中主語從句中缺少主語,故填what。4.a考查固定搭配。all of a sudden, 為固定搭配,意為“突然地”,故填a。5.entrance考查名詞。分析句子可知,空格處前有定冠詞the,故要用enter的名詞形式entrance。6.used考查非謂語動詞作定語。在中國園林的入口處,通常有一塊巨大的石頭或墻用來遮擋你的視線。分析句子可知,此處作stone or wall 的定語,二者是被動關(guān)系,故填used。7.its考查代詞。句意:中國園林可能在它所有的

19、四個墻壁上都有窗戶。故填its(它的)。第38頁，共56頁。8.interesting考查形容詞。有趣的是,通過窗戶,游客們可以在不同的角度看到不同的風景。It is+adj.+that從句,而interest是名詞,所以用其形容詞形式。9.seasons考查名詞復數(shù)。句意:所有的植物都標志著季節(jié)的變化。一年有四季,故要用復數(shù)形式。10.and考查連詞。句意:同樣,水是千變?nèi)f化的象征,巖石是永恒的象征,它們創(chuàng)造了自然界陰陽的和諧。分析句子可知“水”和“巖石”二者是并列的主語,所以要填and。第39頁，共56頁。專題二 短文改錯第40頁，共56頁。抽象名間、物質(zhì)名詞泛指時是否多了冠詞多詞常見錯誤

20、類型錯詞判斷名詞前的冠詞是否誤用 a/an及物動間后受母語影響是否多了介詞句中名詞該用單數(shù)還是復數(shù) 不定式前是否多了應(yīng)該省略的“to”根據(jù)上下文判斷動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)是否有誤，主謂搭配是否正確時間狀語中是否多用了介詞根據(jù)上下文判斷非謂語動詞是否誤用形容詞、副詞比較結(jié)構(gòu)中是否多了more人稱代詞的格是否誤用 my/mine)代詞前后指代是否一致 it/them)定語從句中關(guān)系詞是否誤用固定搭配是否多了冠詞名詞前是否缺冠詞缺詞不及物動詞后是否缺介詞判斷句中形容詞和副詞是否混淆使用不定式中是否缺少了不該省略的“to”習慣用法中介詞是否誤用被動語態(tài)中是否缺少了助動詞be判斷句中并列連詞、從屬連詞是否誤用將

21、形容詞、副詞或介詞視作動詞，致使句子缺少謂語動詞be第41頁，共56頁。動詞形式的錯誤設(shè)置一般包括以下三個方面：1.動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)錯誤。2.主、謂不一致的錯誤。3.非謂語動詞的誤用。一、動詞形式典例1One was that.And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.(2019全國)iswas考查動詞的時態(tài)。整篇文章使用的都是一般過去時，且上文中的“One was that.”用的也是一般過去時，所以最后一句話時態(tài)應(yīng)為一般過去時。這里講述當時做決定時的原因。故將is改為was。第42頁，共56頁。典例2Now my dream

22、 is to opens a cafe.Though it may appear simple，it required a lot of ideas and efforts.(2019全國)opensopen不定式作表語，to后用動詞原形。故把 opens改為 open。requiredrequires后一句考查動詞的時態(tài)。短文的主體時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時。故把 required改為 requires。典例3I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident.(2019全國)interestinginterested

23、考查形容詞。短語become interested in意為“變得對感興趣”。interesting有趣的，吸引人的，通常描述事物；interested感興趣的，通常描述人的感受。本句主語是人，故把interesting改為interested。典例4If I succeed in manage one，I will open more.(2019全國)managemanaging考查非謂詞動詞。succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事。第43頁，共56頁。二、名詞的數(shù)典例5All the football player on the playground cheered lou

24、dly，saying that I had a talent for football.(2019全國)playerplayers“player(運動員)”為可數(shù)名詞，所以all(所有的)后需要用player的復數(shù)形式。故將player改為players。 名詞單復數(shù)的錯誤設(shè)置一般包括以下三個方面：1.可數(shù)名詞單復數(shù)的錯用：一般考查錯把復數(shù)用作單數(shù)，有時也考查錯把單數(shù)用作復數(shù)。2.不可數(shù)名詞單復數(shù)的錯用：不可數(shù)名詞沒有復數(shù)形式。3.可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞混淆：有些詞既可用作可數(shù)名詞也可用作不可數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)注意具體語境。解題時要理清可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞之間的區(qū)別與聯(lián)系；記清一些用于固定詞組中名詞的特殊用

25、法。第44頁，共56頁。典例6Since I was a kid，Ive considered different job I would like to do.(2019全國)jobjobs“job(工作；職業(yè))”為可數(shù)名詞，用different(不同的)修飾時意思為不同種類的工作，應(yīng)該用名詞的復數(shù)形式。故將job改為jobs。典例7I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city.(2019全國)citycitiesmany different后跟可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式。故把city改為cities。第45頁，共56頁。三、注意形和副

26、 形容詞和副詞的錯誤設(shè)置一般包括以下兩個方面：1.形容詞和副詞的誤用。2.原級、比較級和最高級的誤用。典例8I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground.(2019全國)hardlyhard“hard(用力地)”與“hardly(幾乎不)”都為副詞，但是詞義不同。此處表示“我用力把球踢回操場”，故將hardly改為hard。典例9First，I wanted to be a fireman，whose uniform looked so coolly.(2019全國)coollycool句中的look為系動詞，系動

27、詞后需用形容詞作表語。故將coolly改為cool。第46頁，共56頁。典例10One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor.(2019全國)amazingamazedamazed吃驚的，驚訝的；amazing令人吃驚的，令人驚訝的。v.-ed形容詞說明人的感受，意為“感到的”；v.-ing形容詞描述人或事物本身具有的特征，意為“令人的”，此處說明主語I的感受，故用v.-ed形式的形容詞。典例11What I want is not j

28、ust an ordinarily cafe but a very special one.(2019全國)ordinarilyordinary修飾名詞cafe應(yīng)用形容詞。故把ordinarily改為 ordinary。第47頁，共56頁。四、代詞的格與數(shù)代詞的錯誤設(shè)置一般包括以下兩個方面：1.人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞等。2.不定代詞的誤用及混用。第48頁，共56頁。五、介詞短語須關(guān)注典例13I want my cafe to have a special theme such as like “Tang Dynasty”.(2019全國)刪除likesuch as和like都表示“例如”

29、，句意重復。故把like刪除。介詞的錯誤設(shè)置主要考查介詞短語和習慣用法的搭配。典例12In the cafe，customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment that is created for them.(2019全國)yourselvesthemselves此處指代主語customers，故把 yourselves改為 themselves。第49頁，共56頁。六、連詞、從句常光顧典例14Suddenly a football fell just in front of me but almost hit me.

30、(2019全國)butand“足球落下來”與“打到我”兩個動作是順承關(guān)系，不是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故將but改為and。 1.連詞but，and，or，because，so的用法錯誤考生應(yīng)認真分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，如果是并列句或復合句，要特別注意前后分句或主從句的關(guān)系，確保在意義和結(jié)構(gòu)上通順流暢。典例15When I studied chemistry in high school，I reconsidered my goal or decided to be a doctor.(2019全國)orandreconsidered my goal和decided to be a doctor之間為順承關(guān)系，并非選

31、擇關(guān)系，故將or改為and。第50頁，共56頁。2.各大從句細揣摩典例16One afternoon where I was in primary school，I was walking by the school playground.(2019全國)wherewhen本句含有一個定語從句，先行詞為One afternoon，且引導詞在從句中作時間狀語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when。故把where改為when。第51頁，共56頁。短文改錯Proofreading When I first reached junior high school without my parents, I was ve

32、ry happy. Then I saw them getting further away from school gate. I started crying because of the thought of not often seeing my parents drove me crazily. I was then taken to my dorm in that I found other children very happy. I was sick because I hated eating the school food. I failed to concentrating in class. All I could think of was being at home with my family. As time gone by, I gradually adapted me to the school life. Thank to my parents, I final-ly learned to be independence and c