(貴陽(yáng)專版)2019中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)第3部分中考題型攻略篇題型7任務(wù)型閱讀(精講)檢測(cè)

1、題型七任務(wù)型閱讀貴陽(yáng)五年中考命題規(guī)律及趨勢(shì)任務(wù)型閱讀是根據(jù)任務(wù)型教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)而成的一種介于閱讀理解與書面表達(dá)之間的題型。它要求學(xué)生在閱讀文章后能對(duì)文章中的某些細(xì)節(jié)做到準(zhǔn)確把握或?qū)φ恼逻M(jìn)行提煉概括，是一種讀寫結(jié)合的題型。這種題型既考查學(xué)生的閱讀理解能力，也考查學(xué)生的分析問(wèn)題、解決問(wèn)題的能力，還考查學(xué)生運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言將有關(guān)內(nèi)容以文字形式正確地表達(dá)出來(lái)的能力。題號(hào)題型內(nèi)容題數(shù)小題分值分值小計(jì)賦分A.補(bǔ)全句子型閱讀。(要求學(xué)生閱讀短文，任務(wù)捕捉信息，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容完成文后的句5210型子。)20閱讀B.填寫表格型閱讀。(要求學(xué)生閱讀短文，捕捉信息，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容完成表格。)5210貴陽(yáng)中考任務(wù)型閱讀有兩種類

2、型：補(bǔ)全句子型和填寫表格型。A篇近五年都為說(shuō)明文，話題涉及青少年問(wèn)題類(毒品)；歷史文化類(絲綢之路)；嘻哈音樂(lè)；名人類(莎士比亞)。B篇近五年說(shuō)明文和記敘文交叉出現(xiàn)。話題涉及文化類(語(yǔ)言的變化)；哲理及勵(lì)志故事類；社會(huì)關(guān)懷類(艾滋理解項(xiàng)目)；名人類(達(dá)爾文)。解題方法與技巧A補(bǔ)全句子型閱讀補(bǔ)全句子型閱讀一般給出一篇難度適中的閱讀材料，要求學(xué)生根據(jù)短文提供的信息，以填寫詞語(yǔ)的方式完成文后各題，所填寫的詞或詞組具有很高的概括性和準(zhǔn)確性。因此，學(xué)生必須認(rèn)真閱讀材料，盡可能從短文中找到相關(guān)語(yǔ)句，在尊重原文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，仔細(xì)分析句子中所填空的成分，然后用其同義詞或詞組表達(dá)完成句子。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，從文中直接

3、找到答案的很少，多數(shù)情況下，學(xué)生需要提煉概括出所填空的內(nèi)容，甚至變化句式來(lái)完成句子。這就要求學(xué)生在平時(shí)的閱讀中，學(xué)會(huì)積累詞、短語(yǔ)或句子的多種表達(dá)方式。訓(xùn)練并提升自己的根據(jù)短文大意概括每段甚至全文的核心內(nèi)容的能力，從而為準(zhǔn)確解答此類題型做好準(zhǔn)備。具體的解題方法與技巧如下：1快速定位圈點(diǎn)首先，快速瀏覽文后的5個(gè)句子，了解所缺詞語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)并預(yù)測(cè)所填內(nèi)容；然后返回文中閱讀，找到這5個(gè)句子所處的段落和位置；最后結(jié)合每個(gè)句子的含義，仔細(xì)研讀該段落的內(nèi)容，找出所填句子與原句之間的不同，圈出不同點(diǎn)。2巧妙運(yùn)用轉(zhuǎn)換對(duì)于那些不能在原文中直接選定的答案，我們必須認(rèn)真閱讀材料，分析所要填寫的詞語(yǔ)，并用其同義詞、近義詞、

4、反義詞或短語(yǔ)等填空。一般情況下，所填答案都是原文的改寫，所以必須尊重原文的意思，不能脫離原文胡亂填空。在平時(shí)的閱讀訓(xùn)練中，學(xué)生須掌握設(shè)空規(guī)律，了解常用詞、短語(yǔ)或句子的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，提高答題準(zhǔn)確率。3注意答題細(xì)節(jié)學(xué)生在填寫句子時(shí)，除了明確所填內(nèi)容外，還應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：(1)正確拼寫單詞；(2)注意首字母的大小寫、名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)、主謂一致、時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的使用等；(3)語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)練、準(zhǔn)確。另外，書寫工整在答題的過(guò)程中也十分重要。B填寫表格型閱讀填寫表格型閱讀通常是先給出一段閱讀材料，根據(jù)材料所給的信息填寫表格、補(bǔ)全句子或短文中空缺的信息。此類題目通常難度不大，大部分信息都可以直接在原材料中找到。因此，

5、學(xué)生要先通讀材料，注意所填信息在原材料中的出處，就不難完成任務(wù)。但也有個(gè)別信息不可能直接在原材料中找得到，需要根據(jù)某些細(xì)節(jié)、線索或關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)進(jìn)行推理、歸納才能完成任務(wù)。填寫時(shí)重在達(dá)意，并不一定要用短文中的原詞。對(duì)于這種閱讀題，關(guān)鍵在于分析圖表中已存在的信息點(diǎn)，然后根據(jù)已給出的信息點(diǎn)尋找相對(duì)應(yīng)的信息。具體的解題方法與技巧如下：1閱讀短文，領(lǐng)略大意，把握文章的結(jié)構(gòu)、層次，弄清局部和整體的關(guān)系，提取有用信息。2識(shí)讀圖表，把握?qǐng)D表的結(jié)構(gòu)、層次，弄清每空的考查點(diǎn)，是細(xì)節(jié)題還是主旨大意題。3把握空格處的考查點(diǎn)，檢索信息并答題。細(xì)節(jié)理解題回到原文相關(guān)處一般能直接找到答案，主旨大意題(概括標(biāo)題等)要在理解文章大

6、意、把握文章結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行分析、概括，從而提煉出重要信息或文章主旨。(2018貴陽(yáng)初中畢業(yè)生學(xué)業(yè)考試)A閱讀短文，捕捉信息，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容完成文后的句子。Drug(毒品)useinBritainhasincreasedby30%inthelastfiveyears.Useofharddrugs，forexample，cocaine(可卡因)andcrackcocaine，isincreasingasaresultofthesedrugsbecomingcheaperandeasiertobuy.YoungpeopleinBritainaremorelikelythanotherEuropean

7、stotakeillegal(非法的)drugs.UKteenagersaretakinguptofivetimesmoreillegaldrugs，forexample，ecstasytablets(搖頭丸)andcannabis(大麻制品)，thaninotherEuropeancountries.ThemostcommondrugforUKteenagersiscannabis.Over35%of15to16yearoldssaytheyhavetriedit.Harderdrugssuchascrackcocainearelesscommon.Asmanyasoneintwelve12

8、yearoldshavetakendrugs.Britishlawputsdrugsintothreegroups，fromthemostdangerousClassAdrugstotheleastaddictive(使人上癮的)ClassCdrugs：ClassA：harddrugs，forexample，crackcocaine；ClassB：forexample，ecstasytablets；ClassC：“soft”drugs，forexample，cannabis，whicharealsoaddictiveanddangerous.IntheUKtherearepossibly500

9、，000ClassAdrugusers.Asaresult，theUKspends390millionayearontreatmentcenterstofightdruguse.Treatmentcentersspendmorethan3，000tohelpeverydruguser.Butonly3，800drugusersayearsuccessfullygothroughthedrugtreatment.Teenagersgavethefollowingreasonsinorderofimportance；tocopytheirfriendsandtolookcool；soastohav

10、eagoodtimeandtofeelgood；inordertoseewhatitislikeandtoexperiencesomethingnew；soastobelikeadults，buttobedifferentfromtheirparents；becausethedrugsarecheapandeasytobuy；becausetheyhavenothingbettertodowiththeirtime.1OnereasonforpeopletakingmoreharddrugsintheUKisthat_arebecominglower.2TheUKteenagerstakemu

11、chmoredrugsthanteenagersinanyother_3UnderBritishlaw，fromClassAdrugstoClassCdrugs，allofthemare_4TheUKgovernmentworkshardonthedrugtreatment.Butonlyasmallnumberof_intheUKcangetoutofthedrugaddictioneveryyear.5Asforhowtostopthemselvesfromtakingdrugs，theUKteenagersshould_【主旨大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了英國(guó)青少年吸毒的現(xiàn)狀、原因及英國(guó)

12、采取的措施。1theprices【解析】題干意為：英國(guó)人吸烈性毒品的其中一個(gè)原因是_變得更低了。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“thesedrugsbecomingcheaper”可知此處應(yīng)填theprices。2Europeancountry【解析】題干意為：英國(guó)青少年比其他任何_的青少年要吸更多的毒品。根據(jù)第二段第一句“YoungpeopleinBritainaremorelikelythanotherEuropeanstotakeillegaldrugs.”，可知此處應(yīng)填Europeancountry.3dangerousandaddictive【解析】題干意為：英國(guó)法律中，從A等級(jí)到C等級(jí)的毒品都

13、是_。根據(jù)第三段“Britishlawputsdrugsintothreegroups，fromthemostdangerousClassAtotheleastaddictiveClassCdrugs.”可知此處應(yīng)填dangerousandaddictive。4drugusers【解析】題干意為：英國(guó)政府在毒品治療方面很努力。但在英國(guó)每年只有少數(shù)的_能擺脫毒癮。根據(jù)第七段最后一句“Butonly3，800drugusersayearsuccessfullygetthroughthedrugtreatment.”可知此處應(yīng)填drugusers。5learnmoreaboutthedangerso

14、fdrugs【解析】題干意為：對(duì)于如何預(yù)防自身吸毒，英國(guó)青少年應(yīng)該_。此題為主觀題，文中未直接提及到英國(guó)青少年應(yīng)該如何做，所以言之有理即可。B閱讀短文，捕捉信息，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容完成表格。Englishisalwayschanging.TheEnglishthatpeopleused500yearsagoisverydifferentfromtheEnglishweusenow.Eveninthelastfiftyyears，Englishhaschanged.Newwordsareenteringourlanguageallthetime.ThewordsInternet，emailandmob

15、ilephoneareonlytwentyyearsold.Thewordwebsiteisevenyounger.Weonlystartedusingitfifteenyearsago.Butwhatcauseslanguagestochange？Andislanguagechangeapositiveoranegativething?Therearemanyreasonsthatlanguageschange.Onereasonisthattechnologychanges.Weusenewwordsfornewtypesoftechnology.Thirtyyearsago，weonly

16、usedthewordmouseinEnglishtodescribeananimal.Today，thewordmousealsomeanstheobjectyouusetocontrolacomputer.Anotherimportantreasonforlanguagechangeiscommunicationbetweendifferentcountriesandcultures.Forinstance，EnglishuseswordslikesugarfromArabic，shampoofromHindiandyoghurtfromTurkish.Languagesalsochang

17、ebecauseyoungpeoplecreatetheirownwayoftalkingthatisdifferentfromtheirparents.Teenagersoftenusenewslanginformalwordsandphrasestotalktotheirfriends.Someslanggetsforgotten，butotherslangwordsbecomepartofnormal，everydaylanguage.Wordslikebusandrockmusicstartedasslang，butnowtheyareinthedictionaryandeveryon

18、eusesthem.Butislanguagechangeagoodthingorabadthing？Somepeoplethinkthatweshouldstoplanguagesfromchanging.Theythinkthattheyneedtoprotecttheirlanguageoritwilldieorbecomeworse.InFrance，thereisanorganizationcalledLAcademicFrancaisethatdecideswhatiscorrectandwhatisincorrectinFrench.Theylookatthenewwordsth

19、atpeopleareusinganddecidewhethertheyaregoodFrenchornot.Therearealsoorganizationslikethisinothercountries，suchasIndonesiaandSpain.However，otherpeoplebelievethatlanguagechangeisanaturalthingandshouldntbestopped.Theythinkthatitisnormalthatlanguageschangeovertime.Theythinkthatlanguagesneedtochangetostay

20、modernandinteresting.Title：LanguageChangeEnglish1._inthepast500years.ChangesofEnglishNewwordsareenteringourlanguageallthetime，suchasemailandwebsite.Technologychanges.Theword“mouse”alsomeans“鼠標(biāo)”inChinesetoday.ThreereasonsforlanguagechangePeoplefromdifferentcountriesandcultures2._Wordslikesugar，shampo

21、o，andyoghurtarefromdifferentcountries.Youngpeoplecreatetheirownwayoftalking.Someslangwords3._whileotherslangbecomespartofeverydaylanguage.Somethinklanguagechange5._Ifnot，theirlanguagewillbecomeworseordie.4._onlanguagechangeSomethinklanguagechangeisnormalandnatural.Itcanmakelanguagesstaymodernandinte

22、resting.【主旨大意】本文主要介紹了英語(yǔ)發(fā)生的變化，語(yǔ)言產(chǎn)生變化的原因及人們對(duì)此的看法。1haschanged【解析】題干意為：英語(yǔ)_在過(guò)去的五百年。根據(jù)第一段前三句“Englishisalwayschanging.TheEnglishthatpeopleused500yearsagoisverydifferentfromtheEnglishweusenow.Eveninthelastfiftyyears，Englishhaschanged.”可知此處應(yīng)填haschanged。2communicatedifferently【解析】題干意為：來(lái)自于不同國(guó)家和文化的人們_。根據(jù)第二段第六句“

23、Anotherimportantreasonforlanguagechangeiscommunicationbetweendifferentcountriesandcultures.”可知此處應(yīng)填communicatedifferently。3getforgotten【解析】題干意為：一些俚語(yǔ)_然而另一些俚語(yǔ)成了人們?nèi)粘ＵZ(yǔ)言的一部分。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“Someslanggetsforgotten，butotherslangwordsbecomepartofnormal，everydaylanguage.”可知此處應(yīng)填getforgotten。4Twodifferentopinions【解析

24、】題干意為：_關(guān)于語(yǔ)言變化。此題為概括題，根據(jù)表格右側(cè)內(nèi)容“Somethinklanguagechange；Somethinklanguagechange”可知此處是人們對(duì)于語(yǔ)言變化的兩種不同的觀點(diǎn)，故填Twodifferentopinions。5shouldbeprevented【解析】題干意為：一些人認(rèn)為語(yǔ)言變化_。否則他們的語(yǔ)言將會(huì)變得更糟甚至消失。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Somepeoplethinkthatweshouldstoplanguagesfromchanging.”可知此處應(yīng)填shouldbeprevented。A閱讀短文，捕捉信息，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容完成文后的句子。Putonghua

25、(MandarinChinese)isthelanguageoftheHanpeople，butmostoftheotherethnicgroupsalsohavetheirownlanguagesordialects.Thatcanmakecommunicationdifficultwhentheyspeaktoeachotherwithoutusingthecommonlanguage，Putonghua.However，peoplefromdifferentplacescanunderstandthesamewrittencharacters.MandarinChineseisthemo

26、stcommonlyusedlanguage.Itistaughtinallschoolsanditisthemediumofthegovernment.AndtodaypeopleacrossChinaareencouragedtousePutonghuainofficesandpublicplaces.SpokenChineseisatonallanguage，withfourtonesinadditiontoindividualsounds.Forinstance，theword“Ma”canmean“mother，”“bother，”“horse，”or“scold，”dependin

27、gonhowitissaid.TohelpthelearningofChinese，aRomanizationsystemcalledPinyinhasreplacedotherearlierRomanizedspellings(thecapitalofChinaisspelledBeijinginsteadoftheearlierspellingof“Peking”)Itwasdevisedin1958andhasbeentakenasastandardformtorepresentChinesesounds.TheChinesewritingsystemispictographic(象形文

28、字的)Thismeansthata“picture”representsanideaoraword.Therefore，theChinesewritingsystemisntthesameasthatofmostwesternlanguages.Thewordsfortheselanguagesarerepresentedbyletters，whileChinesewordsarerepresentedbycharacters.SomeChinesecharactersweredevelopedassimplepicturesfromnature，suchasanimals，birds，mou

29、ntains，andrivers.Althoughthestylewritinghaschangedandgraduallybeentransformedoveratleast5，000yearsintothecharactersusedtoday，Chineseistheonlymajorwritingsystemoftheworldthathascontinueditspictographbasedsystemwithoutinterruption(中斷)andstillusesit.ManystudentsofChinesearefirstattractedtothelanguagebe

30、causeofthewritingsystem，whichissurelyoneofthemostfascinatingscriptsintheworld.1Putonghuaisthecommonlanguageusedby_Han_people_andethnicgroupsforcommunication.2MandarinChineseiswidelyusedinschools，officesandpublicplaces_across_China_3TohelpthelearningofChinese，Pinyinhas_taken_the_place_ofotherearlierR

31、omanizedspellings.4TheChinesewritingsystem_is_different_from_thatofmostwesternlanguages.5Thebesttitleofthispassageis“_The_Introduction_of_Mandarin_Chinese_”B閱讀短文，捕捉信息，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容完成表格。Doyoufeelcoolandcalm？Ifyouranswerisno，yourenotalone.Intodayssociety，manypeoplefinditdifficulttoslowdown.Fastpacedlifestyle

32、smakeithardformanypeopletoreallyrelax.Thegoodnewsisthatyouneedntescapetoaniceplacetorelax.Youcanexperiencetheseinthemiddleofastressfilledlife.BetterthinkingTheabilityofrelaxationdependsmoreonyourthinkingthanyoursituation.Thenexttimewhenyousufferfromworry，thinkaboutthesituation.Whatistheproblem？Whati

33、sthecause？Mostimportantly，whatcanyoudoaboutit？Then，makean“actionplan”ora“todolist”tohelpyoufeellessworried.However，ifthesituationisnotinyourhands，youshouldletitgo.Takeawalk，exerciseandtalktoafriendtogetyourmindofftheproblem.AhabitofrelaxingEventhebusiestpeoplearrangeshortperiodsofrelaxationintotheir

34、timetable.Theydosobecausetheyknowitsnecessary.Thetimeyouspendrelaxingisanimportantperiod.A10minutebreakinthemiddleofalongworkdaycanincreaseyourproductivity(生產(chǎn)力)Youcanfindanactivity，suchasexercise，ahotbathorafavoriteTVshow，tomakeyoucometolife.Afewrestfulhoursofdoingsomethingyoureallyenjoymayhelpyouto

35、faceabusyweek.RestfulsleepUnfortunately，notbeingabletorelaxcausessomepeopletolosetheirmostimportantrest：sleep.Ifthatsyou，writeeverythinginyourdiarybeforegoingtobed.Writedownnotonlyproblemsbutalsopossiblesolutions.Thiscanhelpyoureleasethoughtsthatmightpreventyoufromgettingneededsleep.Finally，recogniz

36、eyourdisadvantages.Youcantdoeverythingperfectly，butyoucangettherestandrelaxationyouneedtodomanythingsbetter.Title：Waysto1._Feel_Relaxed_Whenyousufferfromworry，thinkabouttheBetterthinkingAhabitofrelaxingsituation.2._Making_an_“action_plan”_ora“todolist”canhelpyoufeellessworried.Afewrestfulhoursmayhel

37、pyoutofaceabusyweek，eventhebusiestpeopleknow3._its_necessary_toarrangeshortperiodsofrelaxationintotheirtimetable.Beforegoingtobed，writedownbothRestfulsleep4._problems_and_possible_solutions_inyoudiary.Thiscanhelpyougetneededsleep.Youcan5._do_many_things_better_bygettingtherestandrelaxationyouneedtho

38、ughyoucantdoeverythingperfectly.2019備考猜押AWhenyousleepsomewhereelse,likeatasummercamporafriendshouse,youknowyourethereforafuntime.Butforsomekids,whentheyareawayfromhometheyfeelsad.Theystarttomisstheirownbeds,theirownparents,andallthethingsathome.Itscalledbeinghomesick.Doyouwanttofeellesshomesick?Thef

39、ollowingcanhelpyou.Spendmoretimeindoingfunthings.Themorefunthingsyoudo,thelesstimeyoullfeelhomesick.Sotrytotakepartinactivitiesandsoonyoumightstarttohaveagoodtime.Youcanmakeaplantocallyourmumordad.Foranightvisit,maybeyoucancalloncethatnight,andagaininthemorning.Inthecamp,youmightsetaregulardayandtim

40、eforaphonecallhome.Youcanalsosendemailsorshortmessagestokeepintouch(保持聯(lián)系)withfamilyandfriends.Ifyouregoingtobeawayforawhile,youmightevenwritealetter!Whenyougetintouchwithsomeone,makesuretotellthemaboutthefunthingsyouredoing!Sometimes,justtellsomeonethatyourefeelinghomesick.Thiswillhelpyoufeelbetter.

41、Maybeyoucantellafriendthatyoufeelhomesick.Andthetwoofyoucandosomethingfun,suchastellingjokes.Ifyoureatcamp,acampcounselor(顧問(wèn))wouldbeagoodpersontotalkto.Heorshemighthavesomeideastohelpyoufeelbetter.Title：HowtoDealwithHomesicknessWhentofeelWhenyouare1._away_from_home_，youmightfeelhomesickhomesick.Find

42、3._fun_things_Trytotakepartinalotofactivities.Makeaplantocallyourparents.2._(Some)_ways_toSendemailsor4._short_messages_toyourhelpyoufeellessfamilyandfriends.homesickWritealetterifyouareawayforawhile.Youwillfeelbetterifyou5._talk_to/tell_someone_，suchasafriendoracampcounselor.BTheYellowRiverisknowna

43、sthemotherriverbyalltheChinesepeople，the5，464kilometer(about3，395miles)YellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChinaaftertheYangtzeRiver.TheheadwatersofthismightyriverlieinKunlunMountainsinnorthwesternQinghaiProvince.ItrunsthroughnineprovincesandautonomousregionsonitswaytotheBohaiSea.ItisnotexaggeratingtosaythatYellowRiverisameltingpot，becausetherearemorethan30branchesandcountlessstre