英美概況PPT課件

1、An Introduction to Britain and America - KellyThe necessity of leaning this course1How to learn the course more efficiently?2Course Arrangement31. The necessity of leaning this courseThe requirement of your majorTEM-82. How to learn the course more efficiently?Pre-reading workIn-class workAfter-clas

2、s workMass ReadingExercise Volume One: The United KingdomChapter one & three: Land and people (4 weeks)Chapter two : English history (3 weeks)chapter four: Family and life, media (1 week)Books for References丁國聲. 致用英語-英語國家概況M. 外語教學(xué)與研究出版社, 2008.來安方. 英美文化與國家概況M. 復(fù)旦大學(xué)出版社, 2008. 王恩銘. 英語國家概況M. 上海外語教育出版社,

3、2008.謝福之. 英語國家概況M. 外語教學(xué)與研究出版社, 2007. Mailbox: 123234890My QQ: 123234890Chapter One Land and PeopleWhen we mention the UK, What impresses you most?Chapter OneLand and People Section one The British Isles and Great BritainFocus questions:What is the full name of the British state? What are the differe

4、nces between Britain and the British Isles, Great Britain, England, the United Kingdom?Describe the geographical position of Britain.Does Britain have a favorable climate? Why?What are the factors which influence the climate in Britain? Which part of Britain has most rainfall and which part is the d

5、riest?Different Names for BritainWhy is England or the UK sometimes called Britain? When people say England, they sometimes mean Great Britain, sometimes the United Kingdom, sometimes the British Isles - but never England.England is sometimes, wrongly, used in reference to the whole United Kingdom,

6、the entire island of Great Britain (or simply Britain), or indeed the British Isles. This is not only incorrect but can cause offence to people from other parts of the UK. Dept.of Foreign StudiesWhat is the British Isles? The British Isles is a geographical term which includes Great Britain, the who

7、le of Ireland, and all the hundreds of small ones, most notably the Isle of Man which has its own parliament and laws. Dept.of Foreign StudiesPolitically, the British Isles is made up of U.K. and Republic of Ireland.Dept.of Foreign StudiesGreat BritainGreat Britain refers to the largest island of Br

8、itish Isles which includes three political divisions: England, Scotland, and Wales. It is an island lying off the western coast of Europe, comprising the main territory of the United Kingdom. Dept.of Foreign StudiesIs Great Britain the same as Britain?Yes, sometimes people use the shorten name Brita

9、in instead of Great Britain. And sometimes, people just say “Britain” to refer to U.K.Dept.of Foreign StudiesWhat is the official name of the UK? The official name of the UK is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The United Kingdom is made up of:England - The capital is London.

10、 (60%)Scotland - The capital is Edinburgh . Wales - The capital is Cardiff. Northern Ireland - The capital is Belfast. Numerous smaller islandsDept.of Foreign StudiesWhere is the UK?The UK is situated north-west of the European continent between the Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea. It has a total l

11、and area of 244,820 square kilometers.The UK is a member of the European Union (EU).one of the five permanent membership of the UN Security Council.a founding member of NATO.one membership of the Group of Eight. Dept.of Foreign StudiesGeographical location (1)The UK is an _ country.The UK is located

12、 in the _ Europe.The UKislandnorthwestern Geographic location (2)The UK is a country of island surrounded by _ ( to its east), _ (to its north), _ (to its west and between Great Britain and Ireland),_ (to its south). North seaIrish seaAtlantic oceanEnglish Channel and Strait of DoverMap of the UKRea

13、d the map to find:Atlantic Ocean North SeaIrish Sea The English Channel (The Channel Tunnel )The Republic of IrelandLocation and territoryLocation of the UK: The mainland areas lie between latitudes 49N and 61N andlongitudes 8W to 2ETotal territory: 242,910 square kilometersInteresting Fact: No one

14、in the UK lives more than 120 km (75 miles) from the sea.Britain is situated in western Europe and is separated from the European continent by the North Sea, the Strait of Dover and the English Channel. It is an insular country. Its coastline runs 12,429 km, It is one of the countries with longest c

15、oastline.To the west of it lies the Atlantic Ocean, across and beyond it is America. The Physiographical Features of the UKthe Highland Zone of the north and westthe Lowland Zone of the south and southeastThe Highland ZoneThe Highlands of ScotlandThe Central Lowlands (Middle Valley of Scotland)The S

16、outhern UplandsThe PenninesThe Lake District of CumbriaThe Physiographical Features of the UKNorthern Ireland: Its mostly hilly. Wales: Its mostly mountainous. South Wales is less mountainous than North and Mid Wales. Scotland: Its geography is varied, with lowlands in the south and east and highlan

17、ds in the north and west. England: it consists of lowland terrain, with some mountainous terrain in the north-west, north and south-west. Ben Nevis in Scotland the highest point in UKRivers and Lakes The longest river: Severn River (354 kilometers long) The second longest river: Thames (332 kilomete

18、rs long) The largest Lake: Lough NeaghThamesEnglandEnglandA flatland country, also called Lowland zonePennines: the backbone of EnglandLake districtHighly urbanized -80% of population living in cities -only 2% working in agriculturePhysically largest with largest populationDominance in: size/ cultur

19、e/ economy -take England for UK Lake Districta scenic spotin North West EnglandA popular holiday destinationbeing famous for its lakes and its mountains its associations with the early 19th century poetry and writings of William Wordsworth and other poets.Lake PoetsWilliam Wordsworth Samuel Taylor C

20、oleridge Robert SoutheyPoetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings. - William WordsworthLake poetsI Wandered Lonely as a Cloud -William Wordsworth I wandered lonely as a cloudThat floats on high oer vales and hills,When all at once I saw a crowd,A host, of golden daffodils;Beside the lak

21、e, beneath the trees,Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.Continuous as the stars that shineAnd twinkle on the milky way,They stretched in never-ending lineAlong the margin of a bay:Ten thousand saw I at a glance,Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.Lake poetsThe waves beside them danced; but they

22、Out-did the sparkling waves in glee:A poet could not but be gay,In such a jocund company:I gazed-and gazed-but little thoughtWhat wealth the show to me had brought:For oft, when on my couch I lieIn vacant or in pensive mood,They flash upon that inward eyeWhich is the bliss of solitude;And then my he

23、art with pleasure fills,And dances with the daffodils.ScotlandScotland A mountainous countrythree natural zones: The Highlands in the north the central Lowlands the southern Uplands Ben Nevis: the highest mountain in the UKA country of castlesThe highlands in Scotland：sparsely populated, with many m

24、ountain ranges dominating the region, and including the highest mountain in the British Isles, Ben NevisThe film: Brave Heart WalesWalesa mountainous country in the west of Great Britain. takeing up less than 9% of the whole island. Northern IrelandSmallest among the four nations in BritainMostly ru

25、ral, low hills, beautiful lake in the south- west, rugged coastline1）The British Isles a geographic term which includes two large islands, and , and 5,000 small islands. 2）Great Britain: comprises only England, _ and _.3）Ireland island: includes Northern Ireland and southern Ireland. Northern Irelan

26、d is a part of , while southern Ireland became an independent country . 4）The UK: is made up of and . is made up of , , _ and_ Ex1: Fill in the blanks below.Great BritainIreland islandScotlandWalesThe UKRepublic of IrelandGreat BritainNorthern IrelandEnglandScotlandWalesNorthern IrelandEx2: What is

27、the reference of each picture? British Isles, the UK, Great Britain, Scotland, England, or Wales?123456The UKScotlandGreat BritainEnglandBritish IslesWalesClimateBritain is an island country and the surrounding sea gives England a varied climate. We never know what the weather will be like from one

28、day to the other. It can be sunny one day and rainy the next. As we have such a variable climate changing from day to day, it is difficult to predict the weather. Temperate Climate/favorable maritime climateThe overall climate in England is called temperate maritime. This means that it is mild with

29、temperatures not much lower than 0C in winter and not much higher than 32C in summer. It also means that it is damp and is subject to frequent changes. favorable maritime climate- winters are mild, not too cold and summers are cool, not too hot, and it has a steady reliable rainfall the whole year.

30、Dept.of Foreign StudiesSpring (March - May) Summer (June - August)wonderful sunny weather, can also be cool or wetTemperatures fluctuate from around 6- 11C. May can have very warm days - up to about 18C.Most days in summer are warm to hot, but evenings can be cool. Temperatures average around 14 - 3

31、0C, although it can be up to around 35C on some days.Autumn (September - November) Winter (December - early March)In autumn there can be very warm days, but equally there can be cool ones too. Temperatures fluctuate around the 7- 18C mark, but are likely to be much warmer in September than November.

32、 Winter sees Britains shortest and coolest days (about 7-8 hours of daylight) but these can be crisp and bright. Temperatures fluctuate from around 1- 5C.Warmest and coldest monthsRainfallFactors Influencing English Weather1）The surrounding waters tend to balance the seasonal differences by heating

33、up the land in winter and cooling it off in summer; 環(huán)繞四周的海水。冬天，海水可使島內(nèi)氣溫升高，夏天則使氣溫降低，從而起到平衡季節(jié)溫差的作用；2）The prevailing south-west winds or the Westerlies blow over the country all the year round bringing warm and wet air in winter and keeping the temperatures moderate; 一年四季盛行的西南風(fēng)和西風(fēng)在冬季從大西洋帶來溫暖、潮濕的空氣，使氣溫適

34、宜；3）The North Atlantic Drift passes the western coast of the British Isles and warms them. 北大西洋暖流經(jīng)不列顛群島西海岸，使氣候變暖。The English Language1. Old English2. Middle English3. Modern English 4. Standard English1. Old English (5th 11th)Language of Angle-SaxonsInfluenced byOld NorseLatin and Greek words Danish

35、 wordsBeowulfThe most famous work from the Old English period is the epic poem ”Beowulf”(approximately AD 900)Hwt! We Gar-Dena in geardagum,eodcyninga, rym gefrunon,hu a elingas ellen fremedon.Oft Scyld Scefing sceaena reatum2. Middle English (11th 15th )Status French replaced English as the officia

36、l language, and English became the Language of lower class pig pork sheep mutton cattle beefDevelopment English increased in importance after the Black DeathThe Canterbury Tales written by Geofery Chaucer, 14th centuryWhan that Aprill, with his shoures soote The droghte of March hath perced to the r

37、oote And bathed every veyne in swich licour, Of which vertu engendred is the flour;Geoffrey Chaucer3. Modern English (15th )The printing pressbrought standardization of EnglishSamuel Johnsons dictionaryestablished a standard form of spellingRenaissanceassimilated foreign words throughout the Renaiss

38、ance The Industrial Revolutionnecessitated the introduction of new words for new things and ideasThe rise of the British Empire or the Commonwealth of Nationsled to the assimilation of words from many other languagesOthelloby William Shakespeare 1603La: Tho in the trade of warre, I haue flaine men,

39、Yet doe I hold it very ftuft of Confcience. To doe no contriud murrher; I lacke iniquity Sometimes to doe feruice: nine or ten times, I had thought to haue ierkd him here, Vnder the ribbes. Oth.: Tis better as it is. Which can be translated as:La: Though in the trade of war I have slain man, Yet do

40、I hold it very stuff o the conscience. To do no contrived murder: I lack iniquity Sometimes to do me service: nine or tem times I had thought to have yerkd him here under the ribs. Othello: Tis better as it is. Shakespeare4. Standard English based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern Englandadopted as a broadcasting standard in the British media also called as Queens English or BBC English based on the