高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法-虛擬語(yǔ)氣全總結(jié)(20200515201113)

1、PAGE1 / NUMPAGES11虛擬語(yǔ)氣在非真實(shí)條件句中從句主句例句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相If+主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞的過(guò)IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendthe主語(yǔ)+should/would/could/might+反的假設(shè)動(dòng)詞原形meeting.去式（were,did,had）IfIwereyou,Ishouldseizetheopportunitytogoabroad.與過(guò)去事實(shí)相If+主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞主語(yǔ)+should/would/could/mightIfyouhadtakenmyadvice,you反的假設(shè)+have+過(guò)去分詞wouldnothavefailedintheexam

2、.與將來(lái)事實(shí)相Ifyoucametomorrow,weIf+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去主語(yǔ)+should/would/could/might+反的假設(shè)式動(dòng)詞原形wouldhavethemeeting.If+主語(yǔ)+wereto+動(dòng)Ifitweretoraintomorrow,we詞原形wouldputoffthesportsmeeting.If+主語(yǔ)+should+動(dòng)Ifheshouldnotcometomorrow,詞原形(注意不能是weshouldputoffthemeetingwould)tillnextMonday.錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句:當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，被稱為

3、錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它表示的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。如：Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvicejustnow,youwouldbebetternow.Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.if省略句在條件句中可以省略if,把were,had,should提到句首，變成倒裝句式。如：IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.如果我還有上學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)，我會(huì)更加努力學(xué)習(xí)。Ifyouhadcomeearlie

4、r,youwouldcatchthebus.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldcatchthebus.如果你來(lái)得早點(diǎn)，你就能趕上公共汽車。Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.如果明天下雨的話，我們就不能登山去了。用介詞代替條件狀語(yǔ)從句常用的介詞有with,without,butfor。如：Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars?(=ifyouhadamilliondollars)如果你有100萬(wàn)元，你會(huì)做什么？We

5、couldn?thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftimewithoutyourhelp.(=ifwehadn?tgotyourhelp)沒(méi)有你的幫助，我們不可能提前完成這項(xiàng)工作。Withoutyourhelp,wecouldn?thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.=Butforyourhelp,=Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,=Haditnotbeenforyouhelp,沒(méi)有你的幫助，我們不可能提前完成這項(xiàng)工作。1含蓄條件句有時(shí)在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件句，而是通過(guò)其他手段來(lái)代替條件句。如：Iwasilltha

6、tday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting.(副詞)Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.(連詞)Amanwhostoppeddrinkingwaterwouldbedeadinaboutsevendays.(定語(yǔ)從句)Imighthavegivenyoumorehelp,butIwastoobusy.(連詞)Everythingtakenintoconsideration,theywouldhaveraisedtheiroutput

7、quickly.(獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))evenif,eventhough也可用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其形式與if從句在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的形式相同。習(xí)題1.IfmylawyerherelastSaturday,hemefromgoing.A.hadbeen,wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen,wouldpreventC.were,wouldpreventD.were,wouldhaveprevented2.Ifitforthesnow,wethemountainyesterday.A.werenot,couldhaveclimbedB.werenot,couldclimbC.hadnotbeen,

8、couldhaveclimbedD.hadnotbeen,couldclimb3.Withoutelectricity(電)humanlifequitedifficulttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe4.Ididn?tseeyoursisteratthemeeting,ifshe,shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome5.Whenthepencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.

9、werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken6.Hehesitated(猶豫)foramomentbeforekicking(踢)theball.Otherwiseheagoal.A.hadscoredB.scoredC.wouldscoreD.wouldhavescored7.rightnow,shewouldgetthereonSunday.A.WouldsheleaveB.IfsheleavesC.WereshetoleaveD.Ifshehadleft28.Hadheworkedharder,hetheexam.A.musthavegotthroughB.wouldhavegot

10、throughC.wouldgetthroughD.couldgetthrough9.Hemusthavehadanaccident,orhethen.A.wouldhavebeenhereB.hadtobehereC.shouldbehereD.wouldbehere10.formyillnessIwouldhavelenthimahelpinghand.A.NotbeingB.HaditnotbeenC.WithoutbeingD.Nothavingbeen11.Wedidn?tknowhistelephonenumber,otherwisewehim.A.wouldhavecalledB

11、.musthavetelephonedC.wouldtelephoneD.hadtelephoned虛擬語(yǔ)氣(1)復(fù)習(xí)題1.Heyoumorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.A.mighthavegivenB.mightgiveC.mayhavegivenD.maygive2.foryourlaziness(懶惰),youcouldhavefinishedtheassignment(任務(wù))bynow.A.HaditnotbeenB.ItwerenotC.weren?titD.Hadnotitbeen3.IfIhadn?tstoodundertheladder(梯子)t

12、ocatchyouwhenyoufell,younow.A.wouldn?tbesmilingB.couldn?thavesmiledC.won?tsmileD.didn?tsmile4.IfitProfessorJohnson?srecommendation(推薦),Iwouldn?thavebeenadmittedtothegraduateschoo研l(wèi)(究生學(xué)院).A.werenotforB.hadnotbeenforC.werenotD.haditnotbeen5.Ifwedonotdevelopanewkindofcar,airpollutionevenmoredangerous.3

13、A.shouldhavebecomeB.willbecomeC.wouldhavebecomeD.musthavebecome6.Butforthestormyweather,weearlier.A.shouldarriveB.shallarriveC.shouldhavearrivedD.shallhavearrived7.Ifwetheirterms(條款，條件),wewouldgobankrupt(破產(chǎn)).A.acceptB.shouldacceptC.hadacceptedD.aretoaccept8.JohnwouldneverhavegonetothehospitalthatTom

14、wouldbethere,too. A.hedidnotknowB.ifhadheknownC.hadheknownD.hewouldhaveknown9.Hadhebeenmorecareful,hethataccident.A.wouldavoidB.wouldhaveavoidedC.avoidedD.shouldavoid10.Butthathecametohelpme,Ithereearlier.A.couldnotarriveB.couldnothavearrivedC.didnotarriveD.cannotarrive11.Shecouldlookmoreattractive有

15、(魅力的，吸引人的)butshenoattentiontoherclothes.A.paysB.waspayingC.paidD.hadpaid12.IfIinhisplace,Iwoulddothat,too.A.wasB.wereC.amD.hadbeen虛擬語(yǔ)氣(2)虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞從句中1.在由suggest,demand,require,request,insist,order,command,propose等表示建議、請(qǐng)求、命令、愿望等動(dòng)詞或其同根詞引出的名詞從句中，名詞從句虛擬句的謂語(yǔ)變化的形式只有一條規(guī)律名詞從句虛擬句無(wú)論其主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)何種形式，從句的謂語(yǔ)形式均為should

16、+動(dòng)詞原形，其中should可以省去。（特別提醒：不是用would,而是用should。）常見(jiàn)的這類動(dòng)詞有:ask要求,advise,beg,Ourteachersuggestedthatwe(should)notsuggest建議,command命令,demand要求，leavetheclassroom.老師建議我們不要離開(kāi)request請(qǐng)求,insist,require要求,order下令,教室。propose,advice,recommend,intend,prefer寧Heinsistedthatshedoitrightnow.他堅(jiān)持她愿,permit,persuade,expect,

17、decide決定 ,馬上就做。instruct,object,determine,urge,appoint等等ItissuggestedbythedoctorthatIshouldgive在Itis/was+上述動(dòng)詞的-ed形式+that從句中upsmoking.醫(yī)生建議我戒煙。當(dāng)上述動(dòng)詞以其名詞形式出現(xiàn)，并且被用作Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)setout主語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句或者同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)tomorrowmorning.我建議我們明早動(dòng)身。Thesuggestionthatthesportsmeeting(should)4putoff2.在Itis/wasnec

18、essary,important等形容詞Itisnecessarythatyoushouldattendthe+that從句中，常見(jiàn)的這類形容詞有:necessary,meeting.你有必要參加會(huì)議。important,essential,vital,advisable,urgent,Itisimperativethatyouarrivethereintime.你desirable,natural,strange,imperative等必須按時(shí)到達(dá)那兒。在Itisapity(ashame,nowonder)+that從句中Itisapitythatyoufailtheexam.Itisnow

19、onderhebelateforclass.練習(xí)題1.Iinsistthatadoctorimmediately.A.hasbeensentforB.sendsforC.willbesentforD.besentfor2.Themanagerofthehotelrequests(要求)thattheirguests(客人們)after11:00p.m.A.nottoplayloudmusicB.shouldn?tplayloudmusicC.don?tplayloudmusicD.couldn?tplayloudmusic3.Mike?suncleinsistsinthishotel.A.st

20、ayingnotB.nottostayC.thathewouldnotstayD.thathenotstay4.Itwasessential(重要的)thattheapplicationforms(申請(qǐng)表)backbeforetheheadline(截止日期).A.mustbesentB.wouldbesentC.besentD.weresent5.Itisnecessarythedictionaryimmediately.A.thathewillreturnB.thathereturnedC.thathereturnD.thathehastoreturn6.Itisproposed(建議)t

21、hatthematter(事情，事件)discussedatthenextmeeting.A.willbeB.wasC.wouldbeD.be7.Itispolitelyrequestedbythehotelmanagerthatradiosafter11o?clockat night.A.werenotplayedB.notbeplayedC.nottoplayD.didnotplay8.Weareallforyourproposalthatthediscussion.A.beputoffB.wasputoffC.shouldputoffD.istoputoff9.Idon?tthinkit

22、advisable(明智的，可取的，適當(dāng)?shù)?thatTomtothejobsincehehasnoexperience.A.isassignedB.willbeassignedC.beassignedD.hasbeenassigned510.Itisessential(必要的，重要的)thatthebooksyouborrowedfromthelibrarybackbeforethedeadline截(止日期).A.besentB.wouldbesentC.weresentD.mustbesent11.Heinsistedthathisfatherwiththem.A.goB.willgoC.

23、willbegoingD.went12.Theworkersdemanded()thattheirwages()by20percent.A.raisedB.raiseC.shouldhavebeenraisedD.beraised13.Atthemeetingeverybodywasagainsthissuggestionthatanewbridgeovertheriver.A.bebuiltB.mustbebuiltC.wastobebuiltD.hadtobebuilt虛擬語(yǔ)氣(3)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的其他用法對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)IwishIwerealittleyounger.詞用過(guò)去時(shí)我希

24、望我能夠年輕一點(diǎn)。對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)IwishIhadbeenthere.我真詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)(haddone)希望我當(dāng)時(shí)在那里。在wish后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中或“would/could+現(xiàn)在完成IwishIhadnotattendedthat時(shí)”party.我真希望我當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)參加那個(gè)聚會(huì)。對(duì)將來(lái)的虛擬，從句的謂語(yǔ)用Iwishhecouldexplainwhat“would/could+動(dòng)詞原形”hemeans.表示“但愿”，“要是,就Ifonlytherainwouldstop.好了”用法和wish基本相同，(對(duì)將來(lái)的虛擬)但愿雨能停。只是比wish具有更強(qiáng)烈的感IfonlyIweretal

25、ler.(對(duì)現(xiàn)在在ifonly感嘆句中的虛擬)我的個(gè)子要是能高一情色彩。點(diǎn)就好了。IfonlyIhadfollowedyouradvice!(對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬)要是我聽(tīng)從了你的建議就好了！表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)Ireallydon?tlikethewayyou在情況有所懷疑，謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)arespeakingtome.Itseemsas去時(shí)ifyouweremyfather.我真的非常討厭你和我說(shuō)話的方式。你聽(tīng)起來(lái)就好像是我爸爸。表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)用Hekepttellinguswhathad過(guò)去完成時(shí)happenedasifhehadbeen在asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的從句thereh

26、imself.他不停地和我中們講發(fā)生的事情，好像他當(dāng)時(shí)在場(chǎng)一樣。有時(shí)也用陳述語(yǔ)氣，這時(shí)表Itisbecomingdark.Itlooksas6示較大的真實(shí)性或可能性ifit?sgoingtorain.天變黑了，似乎就要下雨了。ItseemsasifhehadbeentoAmerica.他好像去過(guò)美國(guó)。wouldratherdosth.表示將來(lái)Iwouldrathergothere或現(xiàn)在的事件，“主語(yǔ)寧愿自tomorrow.我想明天去那里。己做某事”Hewouldrathernotstayathometonight.他今晚不想在家呆著。wouldratherhavedonesth.Shewoul

27、drathernothave表示過(guò)去的事件，“主語(yǔ)寧愿gonetotheparty.她覺(jué)得真是在wouldrather結(jié)構(gòu)中自己過(guò)去做了某事，但實(shí)際不該去參加那個(gè)晚會(huì)。上沒(méi)有做”wouldrathersb.Did表示的Don?tcometomorrow.I?d是將來(lái)或現(xiàn)在的事件，“主語(yǔ)ratheryoucamenext寧愿讓另外一個(gè)人做某事”weekend.明天就別來(lái)了，我希望你下周末過(guò)來(lái)。wouldrathersb.haddone表Iwouldratheryouhad示過(guò)去的事件，“主語(yǔ)寧愿別returnedthebookyesterday.人過(guò)去做了某事，但實(shí)際上沒(méi)我真希望你昨天把這本書還

28、有做”了。在Itis(about,high)從句中用過(guò)去時(shí)，表示早該Itishightimethatwebegantotime+(that)從句中work.咱們應(yīng)該開(kāi)始干活了。做而未做的事，并含有建議的意味。練習(xí)題1.IwishIyouyesterday.A.seenB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretosee2.Ifonlyhequietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldn?tsuffer(忍受痛苦)somuchnow.A.liesB.layC.hadlainD.shouldn?tlie3.HowIwisheveryfamilyalargehousew

29、ithabeautifulgarden!A.hasB.hadC.willhaveD.hadhad4.LookattheterriblesituationIamin!ifonlyIyouradvice.A.followB.hadfollowedC.wouldfollowD.havefollowed5.Hedidn?tgototheparty,buthedoeswishhethere.A.hadbeenB.hasbeenC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe6.IwishIlongerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcometoclass.A.couldhave

30、sleptB.sleptC.mighthavesleptD.haveslept77.Jackwishesthathebusinessinsteadofhistorywhenhewasinuniversity.A.hadstudiedB.studyC.studiedD.hadbeenstudying8.It?salreadyfiveo?clocknow.Doyouthinkit?sabouttime?A.wearegoinghomeB.wegohomeC.wewenthomeD.wecangohome9.“Youareveryselfish（自私）.It,shightimeyouthatyouarenotthemostimportantpersonintheworl