中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法及練習(xí)（無(wú)答案）

1、.*;第 PAGE5 頁(yè)英語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句講解when, while 和 as 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的用法一、when 的用法假如只從現(xiàn)象來(lái)看，when 從句用的最多的是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，而主句的時(shí)態(tài)沒(méi)有限制,根據(jù)詳細(xì)情況而定。1. When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas. 3. Were you writing when the teacher came in? 老師進(jìn)來(lái)的時(shí)候，你在寫(xiě)信嗎？4. Sorry, I was out when you called me. 對(duì)不起，你打 來(lái)的時(shí)候我出去了。when 從句的重點(diǎn)不在動(dòng)作本身發(fā)

2、生的狀態(tài)，而只是把它作為一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)，所以when 多數(shù)情況下用的是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，那么不用正在進(jìn)展時(shí)。因?yàn)榧偃缬谜谶M(jìn)展時(shí)，它表示的就是一段時(shí)間而不是一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)了。根據(jù)這一點(diǎn)，有的文章補(bǔ)充說(shuō)：when 從句的動(dòng)詞大多是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞。這種說(shuō)法也可以參照。實(shí)際上，when 從句也可以有其它的時(shí)態(tài)，但幾乎也不用進(jìn)展時(shí)，因?yàn)樗仓皇亲鳛橐粋€(gè)時(shí)間參照點(diǎn)。例如：2. When he had finished his homework, he took a short rest.3. Why do you want a new job when you have got such a good one alread

3、y? 二、while 的用法相比于when 來(lái)說(shuō)，while 從句的側(cè)重點(diǎn)就不一樣了。while 從句的側(cè)重點(diǎn)在于描繪動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生的狀態(tài)，它的意思是：當(dāng)while 事件正在發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一件事如何如何。所以，while 從句一般用的是正在進(jìn)展時(shí)。而另一件事的狀態(tài)沒(méi)有硬性的要求，根據(jù)詳細(xì)情況而定。例如：1. While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. 2. While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him. 3. While they were talking

4、, the bell rang. 正在他們談話的時(shí)候，上課鈴響了。從時(shí)間的角度來(lái)看，while 表示的是一段時(shí)間，是一個(gè)過(guò)程。這是while 的側(cè)重點(diǎn)。因此，假如含有“一段時(shí)間的含義的時(shí)候，就可以用while。6. Strike while the iron is hot. 趁熱打鐵。這句話中，是說(shuō)趁著鐵是熱的這段時(shí)間，趕緊打鐵。假如換成 when 意思就變了，相當(dāng)于說(shuō)鐵只熱了一下，打一下，然后鐵就冷了。這顯然不符合文意。再例：Im going to the post office. While youre there, can you get me some stamps? 三、as 的用法

5、as 從句表示的也是一件事情正在發(fā)生，另一件事也正在進(jìn)展當(dāng)中。但與 while 從句不同的是，as 從句用的一般不用正在進(jìn)展時(shí)，而只是一般過(guò)去時(shí)。as 從句一般可以翻譯成“邊邊。例如：1. As my mother sang those old songs, tears ran down her cheeks. 2. The students took notes as they listened. 學(xué)生們邊聽(tīng)課邊做筆記。3. As we talked on, he got more and more excited. as 表達(dá)的事件，往往只是主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或條件時(shí)，as 只是一個(gè)次要的

6、時(shí)間說(shuō)明，不像while 從句有強(qiáng)調(diào) while 動(dòng)作本身的意思。因此，as 常常翻譯成“隨著之意。例如：1. As the time went on，the weather got worse. 隨著時(shí)間的推移，氣候更加糟糕。2. The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases. 3. As years go by，China is getting stronger and richer. 少數(shù)情況下，假如強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，as 從句也可以用正在進(jìn)展時(shí)。這只能算是特例了。1. The sad mother sat

7、 on the roadside, shouting as she was crying. 2. As we were going out, it began to snow. 正當(dāng)我們出門(mén)時(shí)，雪開(kāi)場(chǎng)下起來(lái)。3. He came in as I was going to bed. 我正要上床睡覺(jué)，他進(jìn)來(lái)了。四、when, while, as 的互換假如從句動(dòng)作和主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，并且從句動(dòng)作為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，when，while，as 可以互換使用。1. When /While /As we were dancing, a stranger came in. dance 為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞2. Whe

8、n /While /As she was making a phone call, I was writing a letter. make為延續(xù)五、比較while, when, as1as, when 引導(dǎo)短暫性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞。 例如：Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. 2當(dāng)從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生于主句動(dòng)作之前，只能用when 引導(dǎo)這個(gè)從句，不可用as 或 while。例如：When you have finished your work, you may have a rest. 3從句表示“隨時(shí)間推移連詞

9、能用as，不用when 或while。 例如： As the day went on, the weather got worse.二before和after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句Before是主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的前面。注意before引導(dǎo)的從句不再用否認(rèn)式的謂語(yǔ)，并且當(dāng)before引導(dǎo)的從句位于主句之后，有時(shí)譯成“就，才。還要注意主句和從句之間的時(shí)間關(guān)系。當(dāng)主句用將來(lái)時(shí)，從句總是用如今時(shí)；假如before引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)用的是過(guò)去時(shí)，那么主句動(dòng)詞多用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，這樣以便表達(dá)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后。After表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作之后。主句和從句的動(dòng)作的時(shí)間關(guān)系正好與before引導(dǎo)的從句相反。例如：

10、It will be four days before they come back. 他們要過(guò)四天才能回來(lái)。 After we had finished the work, we went home.從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，主句用一般過(guò)去時(shí) 比較until和till 的用法此兩個(gè)連詞意義一樣?？隙ㄐ问奖硎镜囊馑际恰白瞿呈轮敝聊硶r(shí)，動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性的。否認(rèn)形式表達(dá)的意思是“直至某時(shí)才做某事。動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性或非延續(xù)性都可以。正確使用這兩個(gè)連詞的關(guān)鍵之一就在于判斷句中的動(dòng)詞該用肯定式還是否認(rèn)式?？隙ň洌篒 slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜時(shí)醒了。 Wait till I call

11、 you. 等著我叫你。在肯定句中可用before代替。例如：Lets get in the wheat before the sun sets.否認(rèn)句：She didnt arrive until 6 oclock. 她直到6點(diǎn)才到。 Dont get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽車停穩(wěn)后再下車。 區(qū)別：1until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。例如：Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. 3until when 疑問(wèn)句中，until要放在句首。例如： Until

12、when are you staying?你呆到什么時(shí)候？ Until next Monday.呆到下周一。 注意：否認(rèn)句可用另外兩種句式表示。 4Not until在句首，主句用倒裝。 例如：Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is. Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.5It is not until that. 例如：It was not until I began to work that

13、 I realized how much time I had wasted. 四巧辨before和until在日常英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中，我們遇到學(xué)生問(wèn)這樣的一些問(wèn)題： 1.He will spend six hours at his desk_he finishes his composition. A.beforeB.untilC.afterD.when 2.The bike hit the tree_I could get off. A.whenB.before C.whileD.until 3.I knocked at the door for more than five minutes_Mr

14、s white answered it. A.until B.when C.afterD.before 4.It was_yesterday_be_the secret. A.not until；that；knewB.until；when；knew C.not before；that；foundD.before；that；didnt find 怎樣才能清楚地解釋其選擇的原因，這就涉及到until與before的區(qū)別問(wèn)題。 實(shí)際上，只要我們把握住兩者使用時(shí)本身的含義及主句動(dòng)詞是終止性的，還是延續(xù)性的，肯定式，還是否認(rèn)式兩大點(diǎn)，就能容易地解決這類問(wèn)題。現(xiàn)詳細(xì)說(shuō)明如下： 一、在以下情況下，兩者可互換

15、用，但含義略有不同。before表示“在之前的意思，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間先后關(guān)系；而until表示“直到才的意思，主句是肯定句那么表示主句動(dòng)作的終止時(shí)間；主句是否認(rèn)句那么強(qiáng)調(diào)主句動(dòng)作的起始時(shí)間。 1.主句為否認(rèn)式終止性謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞是open,start,leave,arrive,finish, stop等。例如： 1The noise of the street didnt stop until/before it was midnight. 2The children wont come back until/before it is dark. 3I didnt leave the lovel

16、y boy until/before his mother came home. 2.主句為肯定式、延續(xù)性謂語(yǔ)詞，這類動(dòng)詞用stand,stay,talk,be,wait等。例如： 1He lived with his parents until/before he graduated from school. 2I will wait until/before he comes to my help. 3I shall stay heer until/before you come back. 二、在以下情況下，用before不用until。 1.主句這肯定式、終止性謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，只用befor

17、e。例： 1He fell asleep before I could take off his clothes. 2We arrived there before it atarted to rain. 2.主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)詞的緩慢性，只用before，常伴有時(shí)間段狀語(yǔ)或時(shí)間段暗示。例： 1It was quite some time before he found the elephant at all. 2We had walked a long way before we found some water. 3.假如強(qiáng)調(diào)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作未發(fā)生，就發(fā)生主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作，只用before。常譯為

18、“未及，“不或“不等就。例： 1We can leave early in the morning before it gets too hot. 2I must write it down before I forget it. 3We do want to buy something now before prices go up. 4.表“與其說(shuō)倒不如，“與其毋寧只用before。例： 1I would give up my job before Id agree to be dismissed. 2He will die of hunger before he will steal.

19、5.在某些特定句型中用before。例如： 1It was not long before the whole country rose up. 2It will probably not be long before they understand each other. 三、以下情況一般區(qū)別用until。 1.主句是持續(xù)性謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，肯定、否認(rèn)都可以，但意義完全不同。肯定表動(dòng)作終止，而否認(rèn)表動(dòng)作開(kāi)場(chǎng)。例如： 1We discussed the problem until/before he came back.2We didnt discuss the problem until he c

20、ame back.2.notuntil句型盡管在某些情況下可與before互換用，但在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中一般仍用until。 1It was not until he told me that I knew it. 2It was not until he finished his homework that he went home. 綜上所述，前面的4條選擇題中，第1、3題強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的緩慢性應(yīng)選before。第2題表動(dòng)作未及發(fā)生就發(fā)生主句動(dòng)作也應(yīng)選before。第4題為強(qiáng)調(diào)句應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。五其他時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的用法1.由since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。since引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞，又可

21、以是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞。一般情況下，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，而主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用如今完成時(shí)。但在It is 時(shí)間since從句的句型中，主句多用一般如今時(shí)。例如： I have been in Beijing since you left. 自從你分開(kāi)以來(lái)，我一直在北京了。 It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我們老板分開(kāi)北京有五個(gè)月了。 知識(shí)擴(kuò)展1. It is since從。以來(lái)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了因?yàn)閟ince +從句或名詞，表示一段時(shí)間It is five years since we met last time.從我們上次見(jiàn)面已經(jīng)五年了。2. It is +before。才It was a long time before I went to sleep again.It was an hour beforeun