定語從句總結(jié)(精辟)匯編

1、學習好資料1.定語從句:1)定語從句的定義在復合句中，修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。被定語從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞。引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞。關系詞包括關系代詞who(賓格whom,所有格whose),that,which和關系副詞where,when,why等。Theboywhoiswearingablackcoatboughtadictionaryyesterday.Thenoodlesthat(which)mymothercookedweredelicious.TheschoolwhereIlearnedjudowasverylarge.Irememberthedaywhenourba

2、ndwasformed.Idontknowthereasonwhyshegotsoangrythismorning.定語從句的種類：定語從句可以分為限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句。限定性定語從句：它是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意義。這種從句與主句的關系十分密切，書寫時不可用逗號分開。如果關系代詞在限定性定語從句中作賓語，關系代詞通?？梢允÷浴oyouknowthegirlwhojustcamein?Shanghaiisacity(that)Ivealwayswantedtovisit.Hersistermarriedaman(who/whom/that

3、)shemetonaplane.ThetimewhenIfirstmetMr.Whitewasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.非限定性定語從句：它只是對先行詞作附加補充說明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚完整。這種從句與主句的關系不是很密切，書寫時往往用逗號分開。非限定性定語從句一般不用that引導，而且不可以省略關系詞。Theoldwoman,wholivesonherown,hasacatforcompany.LoriisgoingtomarryMark,whomshedoesnotlove.Beijing,whichisthecapitalcityofChina,

4、isaverybeautifulcity.關系代詞的用法：在定語從句中，關系代詞起著連接主句與從句，指代先行詞和在從句中作句子成分的三重作用。關系代詞的選用取決于主句中的先行詞以及關系代詞在從句中作何種成分。一關系代詞who,whom的用法(1)who可以代替人(即它的先行詞必須是人)，在從句中擔任主語，往往也可以代替在從句中擔任賓格的whom,但它的前面不能有介詞，如果帶介詞則必須用賓格whom，即“介詞+whom”.E.g.Jonnyisapersonwhoalwayshasnovelideas.ThegirlwhothefirstprizeinthecontestisfromZhejia

5、ng.Thepersonwho/whomyoujusttalkedtoisMr.Depp.-ThepersontowhomyoujusttalkedisMr.Depp.(介詞to提到定語從句前，只能用whom.)Wellgotothehospitaltoseethepatients,mostofwhomarechildren.(whom前常用表示數(shù)量的詞none/neither/both/each/allof)在定語從句中，who,that指人時可以通用，但在下列情況下用who,而不用that.先行詞是one,ones,anyone時，宜用who.Onewhohasnothingtofearf

6、oroneselfdarestotellthetruth.Theoneswhoflattermedontpleaseme.Anyonewholaughslastlaughsbest.Anyonewhofailstofinishthetaskgivenshouldbecriticized.先行詞為those時，宜用who.ThosewhowanttogototheGreatWallsignuphere.Nowordsarestrongenoughtoexpressourthankstothosewhoworkedhardtorescuesurvivorsintheearthquake.當先行詞有

7、較長的后置定語時，宜用who.ImetagirlinthestreetyesterdaywhogrewupinYunnanprovince.一個句子中帶有兩個定語從句時，其中一個定語從句的關系代詞時that，另一個宜用who.E.g.Theboythatyoumetlastnightisthegroupleaderwhostudiesveryhard.在therebe開頭的句子中，事宜用who.Thereisayoungmanwhowantstoseeyourfather.Therewasakingwhowaskindtohispeople.Therearemanyoldmenwhoareag

8、ainstthisplan.二關系代詞whose的用法：關系代詞whose是關系代詞who的所有格形式，它既可以代人，也可以代物。當whose代物時，相當于ofwhich.Whose引導的定語從句既可以是限定性定語從句，也可以是非限定性定語從句。學習好資料DoyouknowPeterwhosefatherhappenstobeworkinginyourcompany?Thetouristwantedtobookaroomwhosewindowfacessouth.=Thetouristwantedtobookaroomthewindowofwhichfacessouth.=Thetourist

9、wantedtobookaroom.Theroomswindowfacessouth.WewenttoseeourteacherMissStyles,whosehusbandlosthislifeintheearthquake.Xian,whosewallsremainasgoodasbefore,isoneofthefewcitieswithcitywalls.三關系代詞that,which的用法(1)在限定性定語從句中指代物時，which和that一般可通用。Thenewhousethat/whichIhasjustboughtisaboutsixmilesaway.Theyplanted

10、sometreesthat/whichdidntneedmuchwater.(2)限定性定語從句中只用that而不用which的情況。A)先行詞有形容詞最高級修飾時Thisisthebestwaythathasbeenusedagainstpollution.PollyisthemostdirectyoungwomanthatIhaveevercomeacross.先行詞有序數(shù)詞修飾時Thisisthethirdtimethattheyhavemet.TheveryfirsttimethatLestersawthefilm,hemadeuphismindtobecomeadoctor.主句已有

11、疑問詞who或which時Whichofthecarsthatareinfrontofthehotelbelongstoyou?Whoisthemanthatissittingbythelake?先行詞既有人又有物時Hetalkedabouttheschoolsandteachersthathehadvisited.Thebikeandhisriderthathadrunoveranoldmanweretakentothepolicestation.先行詞為all,much,few,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none等不定代詞時I

12、tseasytodotherepair.Allthatyouneedisahammerandsomenails.Wehaventgotmuchthatwecanofferyou.Idliketotellyousomethingthatwillmakeyousurprised.先行詞前面有thevery,theonly,thesame,any,few,little,no,all,oneof等詞修飾時ThisistheveryroomthatIsleptinthatevening.Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.LiMingistheonly

13、onethatwantstobeateacher.有兩個定語從句，其中一個關系代詞以用which,另一個宜用thatEdisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.只用which而不用that的情況引導非限定定語從句時Thefish,whichIboughtthismorning,isveryfresh.Myhouse,whichIboughttwoyearsago,hasgotalovelygarden.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,whichsurprisedeverybodyinthe

14、office.Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantoothers,which,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,mostofwhicharesoldabroad.(which前常用none/neither/most/both/each/all/alittleof等詞修飾)在限定性定語從句中，關系帶詞前有介詞時IwasputinapositioninwhichIhadtoacceptIwaslessimportant.This

15、isthehotelinwhichyouwillstay.=Thatsthehotel(which/that)youwillstayin.(此句中，如果介詞in放在句子的后面，那么關系代詞既可用which,也可用that，還可省略。在限定性定語從句中，如果有兩個定語從句時，其中一句的關系代詞that時，另一個用which.學習好資料LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.關系副詞的用法(where,when,why)：關系副詞和關系代詞一樣，具有數(shù)重作用。連接主句與從句，指代先行詞，在從句中作句子

16、成分。由于關系副詞在從句中均做狀語，所以具體選用什么關系副詞，主要取決于關系副詞在從句中充當什么類型的狀語。一關系副詞where的用法：有關系副詞where引導的定語從句，其先行詞主要是表示地點的名詞，如building,city,room等，where在從句中作地點狀語。Thehotelwherewestayedwasveryclean.=Thehotel(that/which)westayedatwasveryclean.=Thehotelatwhichwestayedwasveryclean.IgottothestagewhereIwasntcopinganymore.=Igottoth

17、estage(which/that)Iwasntcopingwithanymore.=IgottothestagewithwhichIwasntcopinganymore.關系副詞when的用法：有when引導的定語從句，其先行詞主要是表示時間的名詞，如time,day,date,等,when在從句中作時間狀語。IllneverforgetthetimewhenwefirstmetinLondon.=IllneverforgetthetimeduringwhichwefirstmetinLondon.Thedate(when/that)hejoinedtheANCYouthLeaguewasA

18、ugust5th.(如果按語法來講，上例中的定語從句只能用when引導，但在口語中，常用that代替when,而且還可以省略。)關系副詞why的用法：由why引導的定語從句，常用在先行詞reason后面，why在句中作原因狀語。ThereasonwhyIgotajobwasthatIworkedhard.=Thereason(that)/forwhichIgotajobwasthatIworkedhard.Thereasonwhyshewaslatewasthatshemissedherplane.=Thereason(that)/forwhichshewaslatewasthatshemis

19、sedherplane.Amydidntgetapayrise,butthiswasntthemainreasonwhysheleft.=Amydidntgetapayrise,butthiswasntthemainreason(that)/forwhichsheleft.(一般說來，在定語從句中，只要先行詞是thereason，它的關系副詞就是why,但在口語中，和when一樣，why常被that代替，也可省略。)重點比較：帶reason的定語從句與表語從句的常用句型：定語從句Thereasonwhy/that；thereasonwhy/that表語從句Thereasonisthat(不能用

20、why，否則就重復了)Iknowthereasonwhyshestudiessowell.Thereasonisthatheisalwayscarelessinhiswork.關系代詞和關系副詞引導的定語從句的區(qū)別對于同一個先行詞，正確區(qū)分關系代詞和關系副詞，關鍵是要弄清楚它們在定語從句中擔任什么成分，而不僅僅取決于先行詞是什么。如果關系詞在從句中制作主語或賓語，就是關系代詞；如果關系詞在定語從句中做狀語，就是關系副詞，當然上面提到的口語用法除外。例句比較：1.Thisisthecollege(that/which)Ivisited.ThisisthecollegewhereIstudiedt

21、hreeyearsago.Illneverforgettheday(that/which)wespenttogether.IllneverforgetthedaywhenIgotmarried.使用定語從句注意事項一.定語從句中的主謂一致定語從句中的關系代詞作主語時，從句謂語的人稱，數(shù)要與先行詞一致。Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?as/which作主語引導非限定性從句指全句時，從句謂語用第三人稱。Liquidwaterchangestovapor,whichiscalledevaporation.Asisusual,Hanscametoschoollateth

22、ismorning.先行詞為“oneof+復數(shù)名詞“時，關系代詞為從句主語，謂語用復數(shù)。Freddyisoneofthestudentswhowanttobediplomatsinourclass.學習好資料先行詞為“theonlyoneofthe+復數(shù)名詞“時，關系代詞為從句主語，謂語用單數(shù)。Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasbeenawinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.二.what,how不能用于定語從句中what不能用作關系代詞來引導定語從句，但是what引導的賓語從句可以與that引導的定語從句進行互換。Tellmeanyt

23、hing(that)youknow.=Tellmewhatyouknow.Tellmeanythingwhatyouknow.(wrong)how不能用作關系副詞來引導定語從句，修飾表示方式的way的定語從句用which來引導，也可用that或省略。Thisistheway(inwhich/that)Iworkedouttheproblem.ThisishowIworkedouttheproblem.ThisisthewayhowIworkedouttheproblem.(wrong)三關系代詞和關系副詞的省略(1)關系代詞的省略：A)非限定性定語從句中關系代詞不可以省略。JanHasek,w

24、howasmyformerEnglishteacher,retiredlastyear.B)在限定性定語從句中，關系代詞用作動詞賓語時可省略。Sorry,forgottobringthemagazine(which/that)youwant.關系代詞作介詞賓語時，如果介詞出現(xiàn)在關系代詞前，關系代詞不可以省略；如果介詞位于定語從句句末，關系代詞可以省略。Thisisthegovernmentbuildinginwhichmyfatherworks.Thisisthegovernment(which/that)myfatherworksin.Thisisthegovernmentbuildinginmyfatherworks.(錯誤)therebe句