Module 4 Which English？Grammar 課件 高中英語(yǔ)外研版選修八（2022年）

1、Module 4Which English?Review of adverbials and adverbial clauses To review adverbials and adverbial clausesTo do some exercises to understand the adverbials deeply狀語(yǔ)是用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子的成分。一般表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、程度、條件、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、伴隨情況等意義。狀語(yǔ)一般由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞和分詞短語(yǔ)、名詞(短語(yǔ))、不定式或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)?yè)?dān)當(dāng)。狀語(yǔ)修飾形容詞的狀語(yǔ)，通常放在所修飾的詞之前; 修飾動(dòng)詞的狀

2、語(yǔ), 一般放在所修飾的動(dòng)詞之后。但有些副詞如always, often, usually, never, ever等作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，則放在實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前, 助動(dòng)詞、be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后。狀語(yǔ)在句中的位置比較靈活:Grammar (1)Review of adverbials1. Work in pairs. Match the underlined words and phrases with the statements.1) You can usually tell which part of the English-speaking world someone comes from by th

3、eir accent.2) It can sound very different from place to place.3) For example, within London the most famous dialect is cockney.4) It is only usually spoken by people from the east of that city so it is not the only form of English you will hear.5) English spread across the world over hundreds of yea

4、rs because of trade, exploration and business.6) Sometimes it is difficult for British and American people to understand the Australian accent.7) A few years ago a well-known English author was signing copies of his books in a Sydney bookshop. 8) A customer came up to the author holding a copy of th

5、e book and said Emma Chissit.(a) A prepositional phrase can be used as an adverbial. ( )(b) An adverb can be used as an adverbial. ( )(c) A noun phrase can be used as an adverbial. ( )(d) A clause can be used as an adverbial. ( )(e) An-ing phrase can be used as an adverbial. ( )1, 3&52, 67481. 副詞一般在

6、句子中作狀語(yǔ)。 e.g. He speaks English very well. 2. 不定式在句子中可以作目的狀語(yǔ)。 e.g. I come specially to see you.3. 介詞短語(yǔ)/名詞短語(yǔ) e.g. My parents often tell us about their bitter life in the past. Ten years ago, she began to live in Dalian.狀語(yǔ)的表示： 4. 從句作狀語(yǔ) e.g. When she was 12 years old, she began to live in Dalian. You wo

7、nt pass the exam unless you study hard. 5. 分詞作狀語(yǔ) e.g. Having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper. Laughing and talking, the students went out of the hall. Written in a hurry, this article has many spelling mistakes.Notes: 分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，若是分詞所表示的動(dòng)作和句子主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞，若是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過(guò)去分詞。1) Which

8、adverbial is used to express result? ( )2) Which adverbials are used to express manner? ( )3) Which adverbial is used to express degree? ( )4) Which adverbial is used to express place? ( )5) Which adverbial is used to express cause? ( )6) Which adverbial is used to express time? ( )7) Which adverbia

9、l is used to express frequency? ( )2. Work in pairs. Read the sentences in Activity 1 again and answer the questions.4 1, 826 573The infinitives and the v-ed form and v-ing form can be used as adverbials to express time, reason, manner, purpose, result, condition, and concession (讓步) etc. Conclusion

10、:Hell go to the station to see his friend off.They quarreled so loudly as to be heard by their next-door neighbours.Is the child old enough to dress herself?He was shocked to hear the news.5) Having been ill for long, he could hardly support himself when he got out of bed.Read the sentences below an

11、d find out what adverbials can the red words be?6) Hearing the news, they appeared to be freighted.7) They went out of the room, laughing and chatting.8) Spending more time on English, you are sure to be better in the next exam.9) Compared with my classmates, they seem to work harder at their lesson

12、s.10) Once heard, the story will never be forgotten. 3. Complete the passage with the correct adverbials from the box.because of the new opportunities the city offered, very, of the region, today, an area of central England, During the 13th and 14th centuries, often, between north and south, in the

13、palaces of LondonThe English we write and speak (1) _ comes from a mix of the dialects of London and the east Midlands, (2) _. East Midlands English was (3) _ important because as a dialect from the centre of the country, it was a bridge (4) _, and most people could understand it.todayan area of cen

14、tral Englandverybetween north and southGreat numbers of traders, religious people and others passed through the various towns (5) _ such as Nottingham and Leicester. (6) _, large numbers of east Midlanders moved to London (7) _.of the regionDuring the 13th and 14th centuriesbecause of the new opport

15、unities the city offeredbecause of the new opportunities the city offered, very, of the region, today, an area of central England, During the 13th and 14th centuries, often, between north and south, in the palaces of LondonThey (8) _ reached high positions in business and government which then had a

16、n effect on the forms of language used. So it is fair to say that the Queens English started in the towns of the Midlands as well as (9) _.oftenin the palaces of Londonbecause of the new opportunities the city offered, very, of the region, today, an area of central England, During the 13th and 14th

17、centuries, often, between north and south, in the palaces of LondonGrammar (2)Review of adverbial clauses常見(jiàn)狀語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句、原因狀語(yǔ)從句、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句、目的狀語(yǔ)從句、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句、條件狀語(yǔ)從句、方式狀語(yǔ)從句、比較狀語(yǔ)從句九種。狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：由when, as, while, whenever, after, before, until / till, as soon as, since, once, directly, immediately, by the

18、time, every time, the moment, the minute, no sooner . than, hardly . when等引導(dǎo)。地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句：由where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere等引導(dǎo)。狀語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞：原因狀語(yǔ)從句：由because, since, as, now that, seeing that, considering that, in that等引導(dǎo)。目的狀語(yǔ)從句：由so, so that, in case, in order that, for fear (that)等引導(dǎo)。結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句：由so (that), so

19、 . that, such . that, with the result that等引導(dǎo)。條件狀語(yǔ)從句：由if, unless, so / as long as, only if, provided, on condition that, in case, suppose / supposing (that)等引導(dǎo)。讓步狀語(yǔ)從句：由although, though, even if / though, as, whether . or，“疑問(wèn)詞+ ever”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞,“no matter +疑問(wèn)詞”等引導(dǎo)。方式狀語(yǔ)從句：由as, like, as if / though, the way

20、等引導(dǎo)。比較狀語(yǔ)從句：由than或as引導(dǎo)。常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞注意事項(xiàng)：1. when1) when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句的動(dòng)作既可與主句的動(dòng)作 同時(shí)發(fā)生，也可先后發(fā)生。如： Herbert was having dinner when I saw him. When the lights went out, I lit some candles.2) when還可引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“如果”。如： Ill give it to you when you say “please”.2. while1) while引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)一般是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 (如work, stay, wait,

21、 live等)。如: Please dont talk so loud while others are working.2) while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，相當(dāng)于although/though。While 和although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句不用倒裝語(yǔ)序，though引導(dǎo) 的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句可以倒裝也可以不倒裝。如： While / Although / Though the bride is happy, she will feel homesick at the beginning. Happy though the bride is, she will feel homesick at t

22、he beginning.3. until和till1) until和till都表示“直到”，?？苫Q，但till一般不用于句 首，也不用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句中。如： We waited till / until they got home. Until I read this book I never realised what an exciting life he had. It was not until she came to see us that we knew her mother was ill in bed.2) until / till從句與肯定的主句連用時(shí)，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一 般是延

23、續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示主句的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到until / till 所表示的時(shí)間為止。如： You may stay here until the rain stops. Mr. Bush remained there till his brother arrived.3) until / till從句與否定的主句連用時(shí)，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是非延 續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示“直到才”，即主句的動(dòng)作到until / till所表示的時(shí)間才開(kāi)始。如： David wont go to bed till his wife returns. Leo didnt leave until he had gone over his

24、 lesson.4) not until后跟從句位于句首時(shí)，主句需部分倒裝。如： Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.4. as1) as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，表示“當(dāng)時(shí)，隨著”。如： Just as the two men were leaving, a message arrived. The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases.2) as引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，一般放在句首，表示十分明顯的 原因或是已知的事實(shí)。如：

25、 As it is raining, we shall not go camping.3) as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，通常用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。詳情如下：a.“形容詞+ as +主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞”或“副詞+ as +主語(yǔ)+實(shí)義動(dòng) 詞”。如： Youngest as he is in our class, he studies very well. Much as I like the book, I wont buy it.b.名詞+ as +主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞(句首的名詞前多不帶冠詞)。如： Child as he is, he knows a lot.c.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞+ as +主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。如： Fai

26、l as I did, I would not abandon my goal. Try as he might, he couldnt lift the heavy box.4) as引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，意為“如，像，按照”。如： I did as I was told.5) as引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，常用于as . as .和not so / as . as . 結(jié)構(gòu)中。如： Helen comes to visit me as often as she can. His eyes arent so / as blue as they look in the film. 5. no soon

27、er . than和hardly . when意為“一就”， 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，主句一般用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，從句用一般 過(guò)去時(shí)。注意：no sooner, hardly位于句首時(shí)，主句的主 謂語(yǔ)要部分倒裝。如： The words had no sooner been spoken than he realized that he should have remained silent. I had hardly got home when it began to rain. No sooner had we got to the station than the train left. Hardly

28、 had we begun when we were told to stop.6. so . that和such . that1) so . that常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：so +adj. / adv.+ that從句； so +adj.+ a(n) +可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式+ that從句；so + many / much / few / little +n.+ that從句。如： The question was so hard that no one could come up with an answer. Eddie is so honest a boy that we all believe

29、 him. I have had so many falls that Im black and blue all over.2) such . that常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：such + a(n) +adj.+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式+ that從句；such +adj.+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式+ that從句；such +adj.+不可數(shù)名詞+ that從句。如：It was such a great shame that you couldnt be with us.They were such extraordinary stories that no one believed a word of the

30、m.Its such nice weather that all of us want to go to the park.注意：so . that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，如果“so +形容詞/副詞”位于句首，則主句的主謂語(yǔ)要部分倒裝。如：So difficult was it to work out the problem that I turned to Tom for help.So quietly did she speak that I could hardly hear her.7.“疑問(wèn)詞+ ever”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞既可引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，又可引 導(dǎo)名詞性從句，但“no matter +疑問(wèn)

31、詞”只可引導(dǎo)讓步狀 語(yǔ)從句。如： Whatever (=No matter what) happens, I will do it. Whenever (=No matter when) he goes out, he takes his dog with him. Whoever is responsible for this will be punished.（此句中的 Whoever不可用No matter who替換）1. Why do people like pop music? I hate it so much. _ It is not your style, that does

32、nt mean it is bad. A. Only if B. Even though C. Now that D. In case(2020天津卷)B2. They decide to have more workers for the project _ it wont be delayed. A. even if B. as if C. now that D. so that(2020江蘇卷)D1. Look at this sentence. Remember that the underlined words are conjunctions.Example: The qualit

33、y of the voice makes your friend instantly recognisable, even though you cant see him or her.Now underline the conjunctions in these sentences.1. When you receive a phone call from a friend, how long does it take you to know who it is?2. You could say that there are as many varieties of English as t

34、here are speakers of it.3. But as it is so widely spoken, it has become impossible to say which English is “correct” and which is “incorrect”.4. As long as speakers can understand each other, “correctness” seems less important.5. There are so many differences between their dialects that they could n

35、ot understand each other.2. Match the conjunctions in Activity 1 with their uses below.Example: The quality of the voice makes your friend instantly recognisable, even though you cant see him or her. (concession)(a) comparison (b) time(c) cause(d) result(e) conditionas many asWhen asso thatAs long a

36、s3. Complete the sentences with the correct words or phrases.1. _ people understand you, it doesnt matter if you make mistakes. (a) As long as (b) Although (c) So that2. _ people from Singapore and Jamaica meet, will they understand each other? (a) No matter what (b) If (c) Whatever(a)(b)3. _ hard I

37、 study, my pronunciation doesnt get any better. (a) However (b) Since (c) Unless4. _ shes only been living here for a year, Wang speaks excellent English. (a) As (b) Although (c) Because5. _ I am studying Chinese, I would like to take an exam in the subject. (a) Even though (b) Since (c) Whatever(a)

38、(b)(b)6. We like learning French, _ we may never go to France. (a) even though (b) in case (c) however7. Im learning English _ I can make my dream true and someday travel around the world. (a) as long as (b) no matter what (c) so that(a)(c)I.選用括號(hào)內(nèi)合適的內(nèi)容完成下面句子。1. Jack wasnt saying anything, but the te

39、acher smiled at him _ (as if, in case) he had done something very clever.2. Cathy had quit her job when her son was born _ (now that, so that) she could stay home and raise her family.3. You will never gain success _ (when, unless) you are fully devoted to your work.as ifso thatunless4. My grandfath

40、er still plays tennis now and then, _ (as long as, even though) hes in his nineties.5. _ (Once, Although) the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover.6. We create new words all the time. We have to do this _ (as if, in order that) we may express new ideas.7. They didnt se

41、e each other again _ (until, when) the fall.even thoughOncein order thatuntilII.選用括號(hào)內(nèi)合適的內(nèi)容完成下面短文。The class field trip was to the transportation museum 1. _ (since, when) it was near the school. 2. _ (Because, Although) she wasnt very interested in transportation, Ana looked forward to the trip. The students would ride a bus, because it was