六大基本句型及練習(xí)

1、英語(yǔ)六大基本句型及練習(xí)英語(yǔ)基本句型1主系表結(jié)構(gòu)/S （主） V（謂）（lv）（ 系動(dòng)詞） P（表）本結(jié)構(gòu)是由主語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)組成，主要用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特征，類(lèi)屬，狀態(tài)，身份等。系動(dòng)詞有：1表示特征和存在狀態(tài)的：be， seem， feel， appear， look， smell， taste， sound；2表示狀態(tài)延續(xù)的：remain， stay， keep， continue， stand；3表示狀態(tài)變化的：become， get， turn， go， run， fall， come， grow；如：Our English teacher is thirty years oldThe cak

2、e tastes deliciousWe feel used to living in big citiesThe potatoes went bad in the fieldsTheir boss seems satisfied with the workDeep water stays still鞏固練習(xí)11冬季白天短，夜晚長(zhǎng).2十五歲他就成為有名的鋼琴家了.3孩子們很少保持安靜。4她的工作是在幼兒園里照看兒童。5他失業(yè)了。1In winter, the days are short and the nights are long2At the age of fifteen， he bec

3、ame a famous pianist 3Children seldom keep quiet 4Her job is to look after the children in the nursery 5He is out of work 英語(yǔ)基本句型2主謂結(jié)構(gòu)/S（主） Vi（不及物動(dòng)詞）（謂）本結(jié)構(gòu)是由主語(yǔ)加不及物的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成， 常用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作。如：The sun rises Tom has already left主語(yǔ)可有修飾語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)可有修飾語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)。如：1 The red sun rises in the east2 So they had to travel by ai

4、r or boat3We got up early so as to catch the first bus4 She sat there alone， reading a novel5 He came back when we were eating6Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake， but strong ones may stay up鞏固練習(xí)2： 1她昨天回家很晚。2會(huì)議將持續(xù)兩個(gè)小時(shí)。3在過(guò)去的十年里，我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大變化。41919年，在北京爆發(fā)了“五四”運(yùn)動(dòng)。5每天八時(shí)開(kāi)始上課。1.She went home ve

5、ry late yesterday evening 2 The meeting will last two hours 3.Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years4. The May Fourth Movement broke outin Beijing in 19195.Classes begin at eight every day 英語(yǔ)基本句型3主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)/S （主） Vt （及物動(dòng)詞）（謂） O（賓）本結(jié)構(gòu)是由主語(yǔ)及物的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。賓語(yǔ)成分的多樣化使得這一結(jié)構(gòu)異常復(fù)雜。如：1 Tom

6、 made a hole in the wall2 I dont know if he can come tomorrow 3 They havent decided where to go next 4 She stopped teaching English two yearsago5 It took them ten years to build the dam7 Mother promises to give me a present鞏固練習(xí)31.昨晚我寫(xiě)了一封信。2.今天下午我想同你談?wù)劇?.這本書(shū)他讀過(guò)多次了。4.他們成功地完成了計(jì)劃。5.那位先生能流利地說(shuō)三種語(yǔ)言。 I wrot

7、e a letter last night I want to talk with you this afternoon 3.He has read this book many times 4.They have carried out the plan successfully 5.That gentleman can speak three languages fluently 英語(yǔ)基本句型4 雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)/S （主）VT（謂） InO（間接賓） DO（直接賓）說(shuō)明：此結(jié)構(gòu)由“主語(yǔ)及物謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞間接賓語(yǔ)（人）直接賓語(yǔ)（事物）”組成。如：He brings me cookies every d

8、ay但若要先說(shuō)出直接賓語(yǔ)（事物），后說(shuō)間接賓語(yǔ)（人），則要借助于介詞to或for。如：He brings cookies to me every dayShe made a beautiful dress for me用to側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的方向，表示朝著，向著，對(duì)著某人。用for 側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的受益者，表示為了某人，替某人。常跟雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：（需借助to的）bring， give， lend， hand， offer， pass， pay， promise， return， send， show， teach， tell， write， ask等；（需借助for 的）buy， call， cook

9、， choose， draw， find， get， make， order， sing， save， spare等。鞏固練習(xí)41.Johnson 先生去年教我們德語(yǔ)。2.奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個(gè)有趣的故事。3.請(qǐng)把那本字典遞給我好嗎?4.他把車(chē)票給列車(chē)員看。5.我替你叫輛出租汽車(chē)好嗎?1.Mr Johnson taught us German last year 2.Grandma told me an interesting story last night 3.Would you please pass me the dictionary? 4.He showed the ticket t

10、o the conductor 5.Shall I call you a taxi? 英語(yǔ)基本句型5 復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)/S （主） VT（謂） O（賓） O C（賓補(bǔ)）說(shuō)明： 此結(jié)構(gòu)由“主語(yǔ)及物的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”構(gòu)成。賓語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系或主表關(guān)系，若無(wú)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，則句意不夠完整?？梢杂米鲑e補(bǔ)的有：名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式，分詞等。如：The sun keeps us warmI heard him singingYou must get your hair cutThey made Tom monitorHe used to do his homewor

11、k with his radio on用 it 做形式賓語(yǔ)，而將真正的賓語(yǔ)放到賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的后面，以使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，是英語(yǔ)常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)方式。即：主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)it賓補(bǔ)真正賓語(yǔ)。如：I found it very pleasant to be with your family鞏固練習(xí)5： 1.我們叫她Alice2.我們大家都認(rèn)為他是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。3.他們把小偷釋放了。4.我要你把真相告訴我。5.衛(wèi)兵命令我們立即離開(kāi)。1.We call her Alice 2.All of us considered him honest 3.They have set the thief free 4.I want you

12、 to tell me the truth 5.The guards ordered us to leave at once 英語(yǔ)基本句型6There be 句型說(shuō)明： 此句型是由“therebe主語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)”構(gòu)成，用以表達(dá)存在關(guān)系可以稱(chēng)“有”。 它其實(shí)是倒裝的一種情況，主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 be 之后，there 僅為引導(dǎo)詞，并無(wú)實(shí)際語(yǔ)意。此句型有時(shí)不用be動(dòng)詞，而用 live， stand， come， go， lie， remain， exist， arrive等。如：There stands a hill in the middle of the park Once upon a time t

13、here lived an old king in the townBe 與其后的主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)量上一致，有時(shí)態(tài)和情態(tài)變化。如：現(xiàn)在有 there is/are 過(guò)去有 there was/were將來(lái)有 there will be；there is /are going to be現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有 there has/have been可能有 there might be肯定有 there must be /there must have been過(guò)去曾經(jīng)有 there used to be 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be 鞏固練習(xí)6： 1.這個(gè)村子過(guò)去只有一口井。2.客人當(dāng)中有兩名美國(guó)人和兩名法國(guó)人。3.天氣預(yù)報(bào)說(shuō)下午有大風(fēng)。4.燈亮著，辦公室里肯定有人。5.戰(zhàn)前這兒一直有家電影院的1.There was only a well in the village 2.Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen 3.The weatherman says therell be a strong wind in the aft