人教版高中英語(yǔ)必修一Unit4單元詞匯知識(shí)點(diǎn)課件

1、Unit 4Earthquakes國(guó)家地震局賑災(zāi)應(yīng)急救援司司長(zhǎng)黃建發(fā)在新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上表示，目前地震的準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測(cè)仍是一個(gè)世界性的難題，此次地震沒(méi)有提前預(yù)測(cè)到。 地震可以預(yù)測(cè)么? 據(jù)新華社華盛頓5月21日電 在中國(guó)以及世界其他一些國(guó)家，都有不少民間的地震預(yù)測(cè)說(shuō)法，比如動(dòng)物的異常行為、奇特天象出現(xiàn)等。美國(guó)專家瓊斯說(shuō)，這些說(shuō)法到目前為止都還沒(méi)有真正的科學(xué)依據(jù)。世界各國(guó)的很多科學(xué)家曾不止一次地試圖證實(shí)這些預(yù)測(cè)的科學(xué)性，但到現(xiàn)在也沒(méi)有找到十分確鑿的證據(jù)。 瓊斯說(shuō)，從另外的角度說(shuō)，即便這些異?？梢宰鳛轭A(yù)報(bào)地震的參考數(shù)據(jù)，地震監(jiān)測(cè)人員也不能僅僅依靠某一個(gè)單獨(dú)的異?，F(xiàn)象作出地震預(yù)報(bào)，因?yàn)檫@類異?？赡苤粚?duì)應(yīng)極小的地震

2、幾率，假如誤報(bào)了地震，直接和間接損失往往也是相當(dāng)嚴(yán)重的。地震，特別是強(qiáng)烈地震之前，總會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些異?，F(xiàn)象，人們把與地震發(fā)生有密切聯(lián)系的異?，F(xiàn)象稱之為地震的前兆。 下面這首民謠是群眾在長(zhǎng)期預(yù)測(cè)地震中的總結(jié)，細(xì)讀一下，對(duì)觀察地震是有極大好處的。 震前動(dòng)物有預(yù)兆，群測(cè)群防很重要。 牛羊騾馬不進(jìn)圈，豬不吃食狗亂咬。 鴨不下水岸上鬧，雞亂上樹(shù)高聲叫。 冰天雪地蛇出洞，大貓攜著小貓跑。 兔子豎耳蹦又撞，魚(yú)躍水面惶惶跳。 蜜峰群遷鬧轟轟，鴿子驚飛不回巢。 家家戶戶都觀察，綜合異常作預(yù)報(bào)。 失去“理性”的飛蟲(chóng)、鳥(niǎo)類 1976年7月25日，唐山以南天津大沽口海面，“長(zhǎng)湖”號(hào)油輪四周海面，一大群深綠色翅膀的蜻蜓棲在

3、船窗、桅桿和船舷上，一動(dòng)不動(dòng)任人捕捉驅(qū)趕。 天津市郊木場(chǎng)公社和西營(yíng)門公社都看見(jiàn)成百上千只蝙蝠，大白天在空中飛。唐山大地震前兆動(dòng)物界逃亡大遷徙 1976年7月25日上午，撫寧縣100多只黃鼠狼，大的背著或叼著小的從古墻洞鉆出，向村內(nèi)大轉(zhuǎn)移。26日、27日，這群黃鼠狼繼續(xù)向村外轉(zhuǎn)移，一片驚慌氣氛。不可捉摸的信息 秦皇島附近水域作業(yè)的潛水員說(shuō)，他看見(jiàn)一條彩色絢麗的光帶，像一條金色的火龍，轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝。 1976年7月27日，唐山北部一個(gè)軍營(yíng)里，幾個(gè)士兵發(fā)現(xiàn)地下的一堆鋼筋，莫名其妙地迸發(fā)出閃亮的光，仿佛一個(gè)隱身人在那里燒電焊。華西都市報(bào)5月10日?qǐng)?bào)道，四川綿竹市西南鎮(zhèn)檀木村出現(xiàn)大規(guī)模蟾蜍遷徙，數(shù)十萬(wàn)蟾蜍擁

4、擠著走上了馬路。面對(duì)這一異常現(xiàn)象，村民們普遍表示擔(dān)擾，害怕可能是地震或其他自然災(zāi)害的預(yù)兆。汶川地震的前兆 2008年4月26日早上7時(shí)，湖北恩施市白果鄉(xiāng)下村壩村直徑約百米、水深數(shù)十米、常年不干的觀音塘約8萬(wàn)立方米的蓄水5小時(shí)內(nèi)全部消失，水面突然出現(xiàn)漩渦，并伴有轟鳴聲。 震前應(yīng)做哪些準(zhǔn)備？地震來(lái)臨，在民房中、在公共場(chǎng)所怎么避震？專家提出，學(xué)習(xí)必要的防震知識(shí)，提高防震意識(shí)，做好防震準(zhǔn)備，對(duì)更好地保護(hù)身處險(xiǎn)境的自己大有好處。 地震來(lái)臨, 我們?nèi)绾伪Ｗo(hù)自己呢? Life is beautiful.We must love our lives.In an earthquake SPEED IS LIFE

5、. Lets practise hiding. 地震前應(yīng)做好防震準(zhǔn)備，如清理雜物，保持門口、樓道暢通；固定高大家具，將重物下置，防止傾倒傷人；準(zhǔn)備電筒、創(chuàng)可貼、水等物品，做成家庭防震包；騰空牢固家具的下方，以備藏身。 地震來(lái)臨時(shí)，最重要的是要保持冷靜，并靈活選擇藏身之所：震時(shí)應(yīng)就近躲避，震后迅速撤離到安全地方；室內(nèi)避震時(shí)應(yīng)選擇易于形成三角空間的地方避震，如內(nèi)墻墻根、墻角等，或躲避到廚房、廁所、儲(chǔ)藏室等空間小的地方。震時(shí)切記不要站到陽(yáng)臺(tái)上和窗邊。 學(xué)生在教室上課時(shí)遇到地震，老師應(yīng)疏導(dǎo)學(xué)生迅速抱頭躲在課桌旁，待地震過(guò)后迅速撤離；在操場(chǎng)的學(xué)生可原地蹲下，注意避開(kāi)附近高大建筑物或危險(xiǎn)物，不要回到教室中

6、。 在商場(chǎng)、影劇院等公共場(chǎng)所遇到地震時(shí)，應(yīng)盡快找到結(jié)實(shí)的柜臺(tái)、低矮家具或柱子邊、內(nèi)墻角等處就地蹲下，同時(shí)注意預(yù)防高空落物傷人。 在戶外遇到地震時(shí)，應(yīng)就地選擇開(kāi)闊地蹲下，并注意避開(kāi)變壓器、電線桿、廣告牌、高煙囪、水塔、過(guò)街橋、立交橋等構(gòu)筑物。 ReadingA Night The Earth Didnt SleepRead the passage again and make a timeline.TimeEventthree days before the earthquakeat 3:42 am Later that afternoonafter that TimeEventthree da

7、ysbefore theearthquakesaw: crackswater in the wellsrose and fell,animalstoo nervous; hidefish jumped out of bowls &ponds; bright light in the sky;water pipes cracked and burstheard: sound of planessmelt: smelly gas in the cracks of the wells TimeEventat 3:42 am Later that afternoonfelt: everything s

8、hookone-third nation felt itheard: in Beijing 100 km. awaysaw: a huge crack cut acrosshouses, roadssteam burstfrom holes in the ground hardhills of rock-rivers of dirtcity lay in ruins TimeEventafter that hope not lostarmy sent 150,000 soldiers workers built shelters forsurvivorsfresh water taken to

9、 the city Strange things happened before the earthquake.Main idea of the textThe earthquake destroyed the city of Tangshan.The army came to help the survivors.ParagraphParagraph 2&3Paragraph 4Part1Part2Part3to get the main idea, you should pay special attention to the beginning and ending sentences

10、in each paragraph1Filling the blacks with the first given letter:Several days before July 28, 1976, many s_things happened in Tangshan. They were signs for the e_. But people in the city of Tangshan didnt think m_of these. At 3:42am that day,the earth began to s_,which d_the city. trangearthquakeuch

11、hakeestroyedMany people,including workers and doctors,came to r_those t_under the ruins. Later that afternoon,another big earthquake struck Tangshan. More people were killed or injured and more buildings f_down. Soldiers were called in to help the rescue workers. T_were organized to dig out the trap

12、ped and b_the dead.escuerappedelleamsuryBurst & Crackburst v. (使)破裂; (使）爆炸crack v. (使)裂開(kāi) n. 裂縫1. The windows was cracked but not broken. 窗玻璃裂了但沒(méi)有碎。2. The balloon burst . 氣球吹炸了。burst burstat the end of 在盡頭，在末by the end of 直到末,到結(jié)束的時(shí)候，主句一般用完成時(shí)in the end 最后、終于 at an end (=finished) 結(jié)束; 終結(jié)The war was at

13、an end.He didnt know how to make a living because his money was at an end.1. His father will return home _ this year.2. He tried various jobs and_ became a teacher.3. How many English words had you learned _ last term?4. I must warn you that my patience is almost_. at the end ofin the endby the end

14、ofat an endAn earthquake left the whole town in ruins.in ruins : severely damaged or destroyed 嚴(yán)重受損; 破敗不堪ruin n. 毀滅;廢墟 v.毀滅；使破產(chǎn)The castle has fallen into ruins .His career is in ruins .Our plan is in ruins.The bad weather ruined our plan. injure v. to hurt oneself / sb / sth physicallyHe fell off th

15、e bicycle and injured his arm.She was serious injured in a road accident.If you work like this, you will injure your own health.如果你這樣工作的話，你將會(huì)損害自己的健康。辨析：injure, wound, hurtinjure 一般指由于意外或事故而造成傷害。wound 多指外傷，如槍傷、刀傷、劍傷，尤指在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)或戰(zhàn)斗中受傷。hurt 一般用語(yǔ)，指肉體或精神上的傷害，常伴有強(qiáng)烈的疼痛感，還可表示“疼；痛”。6 destroy v. The fire destroyed

16、most of the building.honour (honor. Am) n.榮譽(yù)honourable adj. 榮譽(yù)的; 光榮的an honourable duty 榮譽(yù)的職位destroyer 破壞者, 消滅者, 驅(qū)逐艦隊(duì) damage destroy ruindamage vt. to harm or spoil sth.指部分“損壞”、“損害”、“破壞”或指使用價(jià)值有所降低。Compare:Many buildings were badly damaged during the war.n. U harm or injury +to sth. 1 Strong winds had

17、 caused serious damageto the roof.2 The doctors were worried that he might have suffered brain damage.1 Most of the old part of the city was destroyed by bombs during the war.2 The accident seemed to have completely / totally destroyed his confidence.destroy vt. to damage sth. so badly thatit does n

18、ot exist or cannot be used 徹底破壞, 摧毀以致不可能修復(fù), 也可指希望、計(jì)劃等破滅。ruin表示破壞嚴(yán)重,以致不能修復(fù),但這種破壞不像destroy那樣毀滅某物,而是強(qiáng)調(diào)致使該物的使用價(jià)值發(fā)生了問(wèn)題。用作名詞時(shí),它表示 “毀滅”、 “瓦解”、 “廢墟”等抽象概念。ruin也有借喻的用法。ruin vt.1 to spoil or destroy severely or completely 使毀滅;使崩潰;弄糟 a Huge modern hotels have ruined this once unspoilt coastline.b Her injury rui

19、ned her chances of winning the race.2 to cause a person or company to lose all their money or their reputation 使破產(chǎn); 毀滅a Cheap imported goods are ruining many businesses.b If theres a scandal Ill be ruined!1 U when sth. is spoilt or destroyed 毀壞；毀滅The company is facing ruin. 2C the broken parts that

20、are left from an old building or town廢墟We visited a Roman ruin.the ruins of the ancient city of Carthageruin n.harm 的含義側(cè)重于“損害，傷害”，可指精神或肉體的傷害，程度較輕Dont harm your eyes by reading in dim light. injure指“損害，受傷”，著重容貌、機(jī)能的損壞，例如：She was injured badly in the accident. 事故中她受了傷。詞義辨析 harm, injure, hurt, woundhurt

21、指“傷害；刺痛”，尤指在精神或肉體上的傷害，含有強(qiáng)烈的疼痛No feelings were hurt though the criticism was sharp. 批評(píng)雖然尖銳，卻未傷感情。wound指外傷，如槍傷,刀傷,劍傷,尤指在戰(zhàn)斗中受傷。Their criticisms _him deeply.Smoking will _his health.He was slightly _in the car accident.He got _in the fighting.What you said _my feeling.have hurtinjuredinjuredwoundedhurt7

22、 rescue(n.) an act of rescuing or being rescued 搭救; 解救A rescue team is trying to reach the trapped mines.They came to our rescue when we were in danger .(v.) to save or set free from harm, danger, or loss 救出; 解救 He rescued the man from drowning.8 sheltern. 庇護(hù)所; 避難所; 遮蔽物 a shelter for the homeless In the storm I took shelter under a t