初高中銜接時態(tài)和語態(tài)上課

1、關(guān)于初高中銜接時態(tài)與語態(tài)上課第一張，PPT共二十二頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài) 謂語動詞的時態(tài)：動作發(fā)生的時間決定了動詞的形態(tài)。 時間名 稱主動形態(tài)(以do為例）現(xiàn)在一般現(xiàn)在時現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在完成時過去一般過去時過去進行時過去完成時過去將來時將來一般將來時do 或doesis (am/ are) doinghave/ has donedidwas/ were doinghad donewould do或was/ were going to dowill do 、shall do或 is / am / are going to do第二張，PPT共二十二頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月1.

2、一般現(xiàn)在時：主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時動詞+s的變化規(guī)則1)直接加s. 如：get/gets play/plays2)以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾，加es. 如：watch/watches3)以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加es. 如：study/studies第三張，PPT共二十二頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月2.現(xiàn)在/過去進行時：動詞+ing 變化規(guī)則1) 直接加ing. 如：climb/climbing2) 去e加ing. 如：write/writing3) 雙寫加ing. 如：run/running第四張，PPT共二十二頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月3. A) 規(guī)則動詞的過去式、過去分詞

3、：動詞+ed 一般過去時：變?yōu)檫^去式 現(xiàn)在/過去完成時：have/has/had+過去分詞; 被動語態(tài)：be+過去分詞 1.直接在詞尾加-ed. 如：ask-asked2.以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的動詞直接加d. 如：arrive-arrived3.輔音字母+y 結(jié)尾，y改成i+ed. 如：studystudied 元音字母+y 結(jié)尾，直接+ed 如：played4.雙寫最后的輔音字母再加ed. 如：stopstopped B)不規(guī)則動詞的過去式、過去分詞（見不規(guī)則動詞表） 如：bewas/were- been第五張，PPT共二十二頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月give give/ gives2) is /

4、am/ are giving3) have/ has given4) gave5) was/ were giving6) had given7) would give was/ were going to give8) will give is/ am / are going to givelearn1) learn/ learns2) is/ am/ are learning3) have/ has learned4) learned5) was/ were learning6) had learned7) would learn was/ were going to learn8) wil

5、l learn is/ am/ are going to learn第六張，PPT共二十二頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月如何判斷謂語動詞的時態(tài)（動作發(fā)生的時間）一.一般現(xiàn)在時 (do/ does) (表示客觀事實或真理; 表示經(jīng)常性或習慣性發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài). 常用的時間狀語有sometimes / often / always /usually/ seldom/ every (morning) / on Sundays / in the morning等 )futurepastnowThe earth moves around the sun.Water boils at 100.3. We alw

6、ays care for each other and help each other.4. The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day.5. Columbus proved that the earth is round.第七張，PPT共二十二頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月futurepastnow二. 一般過去時 (did) (表示過去發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)或過去經(jīng)常習慣性發(fā)生的動作. 常與表示過去具體的時間狀語連用(或有上下文語境暗示). 時間狀語有:last week / two days ago / the other day / in 1990 /this

7、morning / just now/ in the past/ yesterday/ often等. 注意: 凡有具體的過去時間狀語的均用一般過去時I met him in the street yesterday.2. The students went to the Great Wall last Sunday.3. When she was in Shanghai, she often came to see me.4. We often played Ping-pong when we were in college.5. Our teacher told us that Colum

8、bus discovered America in 1492.第八張，PPT共二十二頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月futurepastnow三. 一般將來時( will/ shall do或 is/ am / are going to do) (表示將來要發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài). be going to do表示打算,計劃 要做的事或據(jù)已有的跡象將發(fā)生的動作。表將來的時間狀語有: tomorrow/ next week / in the future / soon / this evening / in two days / in 2030等)He will be back in a few days.2

9、. Where shall we meet the day after tomorrow?3. We are going to have a class meeting next Monday.4. I will/ shall return you the book as soon as possible.5. Look at the clouds. It is going to rain.第九張，PPT共二十二頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月futurepastnow四. 現(xiàn)在進行時( is / am / are doing ) “正” 表示說話時正在進行或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作。還用在少數(shù) 表漸變的

10、動詞(get/ become/ turn/ grow/)常用的時間 狀語有: now, at present, at the moment等We are having our English class now.2. Im looking for a pair of black shoes.3. They are working in a factory these days.4. Im writing a book about English grammar.5. They are visiting Beijing this week.6. The weather is getting co

11、lder and colder.第十張，PPT共二十二頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月五. 過去進行時 ( was / were doing) 表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間正在進行或發(fā)生的動作; 或者 某一動作發(fā)生時另一動作正在發(fā)生，其中一個在由when 或while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中。常用的時間狀語有:at that time at this time yesterday/ from nine to ten yesterday evening/ while all day yesterday/ the whole morning / / whenfuturepastnowAt that time,

12、 he was working in a university.2. What were you doing at this time yesterday?3. When I entered the room, she was sitting at her desk.4. He was reading a novel in the library this morning.第十一張，PPT共二十二頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月六. 現(xiàn)在完成時 ( have / has done)“已經(jīng)” 1) 表示過去的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果,即”從過去到現(xiàn)在有沒 有做過某事” already/ yet/ just

13、/ never/ ever/ twice futurepastnowHe has already finished his work.2. We have visited the city three times.3. I have seen this film.第十二張，PPT共二十二頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月2) 表示從過去某一時刻持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài). 時間狀語有: for five years/ since two days ago/ so far/ by now/ till now up to now / recently/ lately/ in the past ten years

14、. 注意: 短暫性動作不能與表示段時間連用,如: borrow-havefuturepastnow動作leavediemarryjoinbegin狀態(tài)be awaybe deadbe marriedbe inbe on1. I have studied English for six years.2. They have lived in the city since 1988.3. -How long have you been here? 你到這兒多長時間了? -I have been here for an hour. 我到這兒一個小時了.have arrived第十三張，PPT共二十二

15、頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月七. 過去完成時 ( had done) 1)表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作. 即 動作發(fā)生的時間是 “過去的過去”. futurepastnowWe had learnt 30 lessons by the end of last month.He found the book that he had lost.3. I didnt know I had given you so much trouble.4. Until then, he had known nothing about it. 5. After he (had) finished h

16、is work, he went to bed. 第十四張，PPT共二十二頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月2)表示從過去某一時間延續(xù)到另一過去時間的動作. 常用的 時間狀語有: by +過去時間( then/ the end of last month/ by the time we got home); 段時間+before (如: two days before); for; since futurepastnowWhen he came, I had worked for 3 hours.2) She had only been here for ten minutes when Jim cam

17、e in.3) The boy told his mother that he had been ill since he came back from the school.had been working 第十五張，PPT共二十二頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月八. 過去將來時 ( would/should do 或was/ were going to do) 表示從過去的某一時間看來要發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)futurepastnowI thought they would come to help me.2. They knew that there was going to be several p

18、roblems.3. They told me that they would have a class meeting.4. She said that she would go there by herself.第十六張，PPT共二十二頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月謂語動詞的被動形態(tài)是由be done 構(gòu)成. 它也有各種時態(tài). 其變化規(guī)則是由be 的各種時態(tài)決定的. done 不變. be 1. 動詞原形: be2. 現(xiàn)在分詞: being3. 過去分詞: been4. 過 去 式: was / were5. 一般現(xiàn)在時: is / am / are 第十七張，PPT共二十二頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年

19、6月時間名 稱被動形態(tài)(以do為例)現(xiàn)在一般現(xiàn)在時done現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在完成時過去一般過去時過去進行時過去完成時過去將來時將來一般將來時含有情態(tài)動詞(can/must.)is/ am/ areis/ am/ are being have / has beenwas/ werewas / were beinghad beenwould bewill be情態(tài)動詞 +be 第十八張，PPT共二十二頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月1)一般現(xiàn)在時: You _(require) to do this2)一般過去時: The story_(tell) by her3)一般將來時: The problem _(d

20、iscuss) tomorrow4 現(xiàn)在進行時: The road _(widen) now. 5)過去進行時: The new tool _(make) at that time6)現(xiàn)在完成時: The novel _(read) many times already7)過去完成時: He said that the work _(finish)8)過去將來時: He said that the trees_(plant) soon9)含有情態(tài)動詞: Measures _(should/take) to protect rare animals.主語是動作的執(zhí)行者時,謂語的形式叫主動語態(tài)主語是動作的承受者時,謂語要用被動語態(tài) are requiredwas toldwill be discussedis being widenedwas being madehas been readhad b