體育美聯(lián)英語被歷史遺忘10種有趣運(yùn)動(dòng)(下)

1、小編給你一個(gè)美聯(lián)英語官方免費(fèi)試聽課申請鏈接：美聯(lián)英語提供：體育英語 被歷史遺忘的10種有趣的運(yùn)動(dòng)(下)5.Cock Shying5.扔公雞Cock-shying, also known as cock throwing, was a blood sport practiced throughout most of England up until the 18th century. If youre looking at the name and thinking this was a cruel game wherein people threw a rooster as far as th

2、ey could relax, its not that.扔公雞的另一種英文寫法為cock throwing，是一項(xiàng)兇殘的運(yùn)動(dòng)，英國大部分地區(qū)直到18世紀(jì)都十分流行。你看到這個(gè)名字也許會(huì)自動(dòng)腦補(bǔ)人們殘忍地把公雞像鉛球一樣扔得老遠(yuǎn)的畫面。放心，事實(shí)沒那么簡單。扔公雞Actually, people threw things at the rooster until they killed it. Specifically, they threw weighted sticks called coksteles. Lacking a cokstele, regular cudgels would

3、do. This tradition was associated for centuries with Shrove Tuesday (aka Pancake Day, the last day before Lent). However, cock-shying was frequently practiced at pubs just for the fun of itand for the chance of winning a rooster. The bird would be taken outside and tied to a post with a few feet of

4、freedom so it could evade incoming sticks. Players would throw their coksteles at the rooster, and spectators would bet on the outcome. If a player hit the rooster without killing it, he was allowed to try to grab the dazed bird before it recovered. If he succeeded, he could take it home. As with ee

5、l pulling, there was an attempt to ban cock-shying that also went poorly. In 1660, on the day before Shrove Tuesday, the practice was banned in Bristol. The next day, a riot broke out. The rioters threw dogs and cats at the mayors house in protest.這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)實(shí)際上是向公雞扔?xùn)|西直到它被砸死。人們朝公雞扔一種叫公雞棒的特制加重棍子。如果沒有公雞棒，其它棍

6、棒也可以拿來使用。該傳統(tǒng)與幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來的懺悔日，又叫薄餅日，即大齋節(jié)的前一天有關(guān)。然而扔公雞常常成為酒吧的樂子這也是贏得公雞的好機(jī)會(huì)。大家會(huì)走到室外把公雞拴在柱子上，拴公雞的繩子有幾尺長，讓公雞能夠躲避迎面扔來的棍子。參賽者負(fù)責(zé)向公雞扔棒子，觀眾則可下注。如果參賽者把公雞砸暈，只要他能在公雞醒來之前將其抓住，就能把公雞帶回家。與拉鰻魚一樣，政府曾試圖禁止扔公雞運(yùn)動(dòng)，但成效甚微。1660年，布里斯托爾政府在懺悔日前一天明令禁止該運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目，第二天就發(fā)生了暴亂行為。暴亂者向市長家里扔貓貓狗狗以示抗議。4.Stoolball4.老式板球老式板球Unlike most other entries on

7、this list, stoolball is a sport that is still occasionally played in small areas of southeast England. Its origins trace back to the 14th century in Sussex. Some historians see it as an ancestor of both cricket and baseball while others point out that stoolball was the first bat-and-ball game played

8、 in North America in Plymouth, 1621.不同于本文中的其他運(yùn)動(dòng)，老式板球至今仍會(huì)偶爾出現(xiàn)在英國東南部的一些小地區(qū)。該運(yùn)動(dòng)起源于14世紀(jì)的蘇賽克斯，部分歷史學(xué)家將其當(dāng)作板球和棒球的祖先，另一部分則認(rèn)為，老式板球是1962年在北美的普利茅斯興起的第一項(xiàng)擊球運(yùn)動(dòng)。The modern game of stoolball is only a best-guess version of the ancient game. There is no definitive historical evidence of how it was played in the past.

9、 Also, being a folk game that was open to both men and women, it is likely that the rules were changed from region to region. Players hit a ball using a bat and then run between stools to score. The bat is a wooden paddle with a short handle and an oval shape, and the stools play the role of wickets

10、 in cricket. There was a time when stoolball was popular enough to make its way into Shakespeares The Two Noble Kinsmen. In 1927, there were over 1,000 stoolball clubs around the world. In his account of his experiences as a prisoner of war during World War II, Pat Reid described a game called stool

11、ball being played by the prisoners at Colditz. However, the name was purely coincidental and had nothing to do with the historical sport.現(xiàn)代版的老式板球規(guī)則只是對古時(shí)候該運(yùn)動(dòng)的猜測，至于過去到底怎么玩，我們并沒有得到確鑿的歷史證據(jù)。作為一項(xiàng)民間運(yùn)動(dòng)，參賽者的性別不受限制，而且各個(gè)地區(qū)也可能會(huì)有不同的規(guī)則。運(yùn)動(dòng)員用球拍擊球，然后在凳子之間奔跑以得分。球拍的形狀為橢圓形的木板外加一個(gè)短手柄，凳子則充當(dāng)球門。曾經(jīng)有一段時(shí)間該運(yùn)動(dòng)很受歡迎，連莎士比亞都將其納入了自己

12、的作品兩位貴族親戚。1927年，全球的老式板球俱樂部數(shù)量超過了一千。帕特瑞德回憶起他二戰(zhàn)期間作為囚犯的經(jīng)歷時(shí)說，科爾迪茨城堡戰(zhàn)俘營的囚犯們都玩一種叫老式板球的游戲。然而，這個(gè)名字只是一種巧合，與本文討論的該運(yùn)動(dòng)無關(guān)。3.Episkyros3.古希臘蹴鞠古希臘蹴鞠Episkyros was a simple ball game played by the ancient Greeks. However, it was not intended for serious athletes. The Greeks considered athletic pursuits among the most

13、worthwhile and held all sportsmen in high regard. Episkyros was a game meant for everybody else. Old people, women, and children were all free to enjoy this game.古希臘蹴鞠是古希臘時(shí)期的一項(xiàng)簡易球類運(yùn)動(dòng)。然而該運(yùn)動(dòng)并不是專為職業(yè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員設(shè)計(jì)的。古希臘人視體育為終身事業(yè)并對所有運(yùn)動(dòng)員持有至高無上的敬意。古希臘蹴鞠卻是為公民設(shè)計(jì)的運(yùn)動(dòng)，老人、婦女和孩子們都能樂在其中。Two teams of equal members stood oppo

14、site each other, and a linethe skuroswas drawn between. Two more lines were drawn behind each team. One team then threw the ball over the other and tried to advance as their opponents recovered. The second team grabbed the ball and threw it back, trying to make up any lost ground and push the other

15、players back. The winners were the first team to completely push the other side over the line that was originally behind them. Basically, a few agile players would attempt to catch the ball while the rest of the team worked together to push the opponents back, so it was similar to modern rugby or Am

16、erican football. Episkyros was particularly popular in Sparta, where it was expected for children and women to take part in athletic displays. It later inspired a more physical Roman game called harpastum.球員數(shù)量相同的兩支隊(duì)伍相對而站，球場中間有一根分界線，兩隊(duì)背后的球場邊界分別也有一根分界線。為避免球落入對方手中，隊(duì)員一般以高空傳球的方式進(jìn)攻，對手此時(shí)會(huì)盡力搶球并往回扔，努力贏回失去的陣地

17、并逼退進(jìn)攻的隊(duì)伍。把對手完全趕出其身后分界線的一方獲勝。其實(shí)很少會(huì)有機(jī)敏的隊(duì)員在自己隊(duì)伍齊心協(xié)力把對手往外推的同時(shí)還試圖接球，所以這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)有點(diǎn)像現(xiàn)代橄欖球和美式足球。古希臘蹴鞠在斯巴達(dá)非常受歡迎，那里的孩子和婦女都很喜歡運(yùn)動(dòng)。羅馬興起的一項(xiàng)更為激烈的運(yùn)動(dòng)哈帕斯托姆便由此而來。2.Fox Tossing2.拋狐貍拋狐貍Back during the 17th and 18th centuries, when Europes aristocracy wasnt busy hunting foxes, they were flinging them into the air in a game kn

18、own simply as fox tossing. It was typically reserved for the upper classes and was usually performed at big events because fox tossing required a lot of preparation, a large enclosed area, and dozens if not hundreds of animals.說到拋狐貍，就少不了十七、十八世紀(jì)的歐洲貴族。那時(shí)他們還沒有沉浸在打狐貍上，而是更樂意把狐貍拋向空中，后來還演變成為一項(xiàng)體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。舉辦拋狐貍大賽要

19、準(zhǔn)備的東西相當(dāng)費(fèi)力，如廣闊的封閉場地和大量的動(dòng)物，所以這項(xiàng)比賽只流行于上層社會(huì)。The game was played in pairs. Each member of a team would hold the end of a sling lying on the ground. Foxes would be let loose in the enclosure. When one ran over the sling, both players pulled hard in order to throw the fox into the air. The winner was the t

20、eam that achieved the greatest height. The reported record for this practice was 7.5 meters. Dont let the name fool you. Foxes were not the only unwilling participants in this game. Other critters were happily used when foxes were not available. In fact, at a famous fox tossing event held in Dresden

21、, almost 700 foxes were used along with over 500 hares, 34 badgers, 34 wild boars, 21 wild cats, and three wolves. The sport was often dangerous for all involved because the scared animals would attack the players.比賽通常兩人一組，放一條繃帶在地上，每人抓住一頭。準(zhǔn)備好后就把狐貍放入比賽場地到，只要狐貍經(jīng)過某條繃帶上方，該組隊(duì)員就會(huì)全力拉緊繃帶將狐貍拋向空中。誰拋的狐貍最高誰就贏得比

22、賽。該項(xiàng)賽事最高記錄為7.5米。不要被該運(yùn)動(dòng)的名字所迷惑，狐貍可不是唯一倒霉的動(dòng)物。狐貍不夠用時(shí)，其他的動(dòng)物也要遭殃。德累斯頓曾舉辦過一場著名的拋狐貍大賽，一共享了700只狐貍，500只野兔，34只野豬，34只獾，21只野貓還有3只狼。該賽事還具備一定的危險(xiǎn)性，受到驚嚇的動(dòng)物通常會(huì)攻擊參賽選手，就連兔子急了也會(huì)咬人呢。1.Dwile Flonking1.甩啤酒布甩啤酒布Like stoolball, dwile flonking is still practiced in remote areas of the English countryside. The origins of dwile

23、 flonking are a bit murky. Flonking enthusiasts proudly claim this practice dates back to medieval times, originating during the Suffolk harvests 400 years ago, but that seems very unlikely. Others claim it is a far more recent invention of the 1960s and a matter of town pride.和古代板球一樣，甩啤酒布比賽至今仍可在邊遠(yuǎn)的

24、英國小鄉(xiāng)村里出現(xiàn)。該比賽的起源還頗有爭議。熱衷于該比賽的人說它源于四百年前中世紀(jì)薩?？说牟r(shí)期，但這說法有點(diǎn)不靠譜。另外有人說它始于近期的二十世紀(jì)六十年代，而且它的發(fā)明還是自己村的驕傲。Its future is looking just as murky. This traditional pub sport has been banned in several areas for violating health and safety regulations. As you would expect with any pub game, dwile flonking involves drinking, a lot of drinking. It also involves two teams trying to fling a beer-soaked cloth, or dwile, at each others head