英語語法大全句子的結(jié)構(gòu)組成賓語從句

1、英語語法大全-句子的結(jié)構(gòu)組成-賓語從句在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句.賓語從句分為三類:動詞的賓語從句,介詞的賓語從句和形容詞的賓語從句.時態(tài)：1.主句用一般現(xiàn)在時，從句可用任意時態(tài)。2.主句用過去時，從句用過去某個時態(tài)。3.主句用過去時，從句是客觀真理時，只用一般現(xiàn)在時。 一、賓語從句的連接詞從屬連詞連接賓語從句的從屬連詞主要有that,if,whether.that引導(dǎo)表示陳述句的賓語從句,而if和whether引導(dǎo)表示“是否”的賓語從句.He told me that he would go to the college the next year他告訴我他明年上大學(xué).I dont

2、 know if there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否還會有公交車.Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.沒人知道他是否會通過考試.連接代詞連接代詞主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等.連接代詞一般指疑問,但what, whatever除了指疑問外,也可以指陳述.Do you know who has won Red Alert game?你知道是誰贏得了紅色警報的游戲？The book will

3、show you what the best CEOs know.這本書會告訴你最好的執(zhí)行總裁該了解些什么.Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?你決定好是買諾基亞還是摩托羅拉的電話了嗎?連接副詞連接副詞主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.He didnt tell me when we should meet again.他沒有告訴我什么時候我們能再見面.Could you please tell me how you

4、 read the new panel?你能告訴我怎么用這個新的操作盤嗎?None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.沒有人知道這些的新的零件能在哪里買到. 二、動詞的賓語從句大多數(shù)動詞都可以帶賓語從句We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger.我們都預(yù)料他們會贏,因為他們的隊員更強壯.He told us that they would help us though the whole work.他告訴我們在整個工作中,他都會幫

5、忙的. 部分“動詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)也可以帶賓語從句I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.我發(fā)現(xiàn)這場音樂會的所有票都賣光了.Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip?你能計算出這次旅行我們將花費多少錢嗎?動詞短語也可以帶賓語從句常見的這些詞有:make sure確保 make up ones mind下決心 keep in mind牢記Make sure that there are no mistakes in your

6、papers before you turn them in.在上交試卷前確保沒有任何錯誤.可運用形式賓語it代替的賓語從句動詞find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有賓語補足語的時候,則需要用it做形式賓語而將that賓語從句后置.I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .我認為每天多喝開水是有必要的.I feel it a pity that I havent been to the get-together.我沒去聚會,感覺非常遺憾.I have made it a ru

7、le that I keep diaries. 我每天寫日記成了習(xí)慣.We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater. 我們都認為對這件事馬上做出決定很重要. 有些動詞帶賓語從句時需要在賓語與從句前加it這類動詞主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.我討厭他們滿嘴食物時說話.He will have it that our plan is reall

8、y practical.他會認為我們的計劃確實可行.We take it that you will agree with us.我們認為你會同意我們的.When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral.開啟發(fā)動機時, 一定要使汽車的離合器處于空擋位置.若賓語從句是wh-類,則不可用it代替We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.我們都認為你所說的是不可信的.We discovered what we had learned to be valuab

9、le.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)我們所學(xué)到的東西都是有用的. 三、介詞的賓語從句用wh-類的介詞賓語從句We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我們正在討論是否讓學(xué)生加入我們的俱樂部.The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.這本新書是關(guān)于神州6號載人航天飛船是如何升入太空的.用that,if引導(dǎo)的介詞賓語從句有時候except,but,besides三個介詞后可見到that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句I know nothing a

10、bout my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.對于我的新鄰居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一無所知. 四、形容詞的賓語從句常用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句的形容詞有: sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprisedI am sure I will pass the exam.我確信我會通過考試.I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.很抱歉我這么長時間在打擾你.He is glad that Li

11、Ming went to see him when he was ill.他很高興在他生病的時候李明能去看望他. 五、if,whether在賓語從句中的區(qū)別 if和whether在作“是否”解時,引導(dǎo)賓語從句常放在動詞know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介詞后一般不用if 少數(shù)動詞,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的賓語從句常用whether. whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以. 在不定式前只能用whether.（如：I cant decide whether to stay. 我不能決定是否留下。） 避免歧異時,我們常用wh

12、ether而不用if. 六、哪些賓語從句不可以省略引導(dǎo)詞that當(dāng)that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等動詞的賓語時;當(dāng)賓語從句較長時;當(dāng)主語狀語置于主句尾,賓語從句之前時;當(dāng)主語謂語動詞(包括非謂語動詞)與賓語從句之間有插入語時;當(dāng)一個動詞帶有兩個或兩個以上賓語從句時,此時第一個that可以省略,第二個that不可以省略;當(dāng)賓語從句中的主語是this,that或this,that做主語的定語時;當(dāng)賓語從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時;當(dāng)賓語從句的主語是非謂語動詞或主語從句時;當(dāng)主語中的謂語動詞是固定詞組

13、時;當(dāng)賓語從句有it做其先行詞時;在直接引語中,轉(zhuǎn)述分句把賓語從句隔開時. 七、賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移主句的謂語動詞是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主語是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時,從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來,其反義疑問句一般與賓語從句一致.I dont think he will come to my party.而不能說成I think he wont come to my party.我認為他不會來我的舞會.I dont believe that man is killed by Jim,i

14、s he?我認為那個人不是Jim所殺的,是不是?如果賓語從句中有某個含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞,其反義疑問句要用肯定形式.We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he?我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他從來不仔細聽老師講課,是不是? 八、賓語從句的時態(tài)和語序當(dāng)主句為現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r,賓語從句的時態(tài)一般不受主句的時態(tài)所影響.當(dāng)主句為過去時從句用一般過去時或過去進行時表示與主句謂語動詞動作同時發(fā)生I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didnt know what coun

15、try he was in.我只知道他當(dāng)時在西方的一個國家讀書,可不知道是哪個國家.He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.他問我他進來的時候我是否正在讀.從句過去完成時表示該動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.他告訴我他已經(jīng)把有關(guān)會議的事情告訴的了Mary.從句謂語用過去將來時表示該動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之后The reporter asked if the govern

16、ment would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.記者問政府是否會采取必要的措施鎮(zhèn)壓騷亂.如果從句是一個客觀真理,那么從句的時態(tài)不根據(jù)主句的時態(tài)而變化The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.老師昨天說月亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn).當(dāng)賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑問時,不能按正常語序安排,經(jīng)常將這類引導(dǎo)詞置于句首Who do you think the public might choose as th

17、eir favorite singer this year?你認為今年公眾會選誰為他們最喜歡的歌手. 賓語從句（版本二）學(xué)習(xí)賓語從句要抓住三要素：連接詞、語序和時態(tài)。 1.連接詞連接詞一般都是that(指事務(wù)或人),which（指事）,who（指人） 1從句為陳述句，常選擇連接詞that或?qū)hat省略，直接與主句相連。 2從句為一般疑問句，常選擇連接詞if或whether。在 whether or not 結(jié)構(gòu)中不能用 if 替換。 3從句為特殊疑問句，常選擇what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑問代、副詞作連接詞。 注意：當(dāng)who為主語時，句式為：who+謂語+其

18、他 2.判斷時態(tài)情況：1.主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句為各種時態(tài)情況。 2.主句是一般過去時，從句為各種相應(yīng)過去時態(tài)注意：從句描繪客觀事實，用一般現(xiàn)在時。eg:1. The teacher told the children that the sun round.A. was B. is C. were D. are2. I believe that our team the basketball match.A. win B. wonC. will winD. wins3. I dont know to visit the old man.A. whether B. if C. that D. w

19、ho4.The soldiers soon reached( )was once an old temple()the villagers used as a school. A.which;where B.what;whichC.where;which D.what;where 答：選B，動詞reach后接賓語從句，從句缺少賓語，where不可，which引導(dǎo)賓語從句時表疑問含義“哪一個”而此句中并非疑問含義，不知道哪一座廟宇，而是用what從句表陳述含義，意“過去的一座舊廟宇”；temple后為對其修飾的定語從句，用關(guān)系代詞which代替，并在從句中作動詞used的賓語，use sth.

20、as“把用作賓語從句用作賓語。如： Do you know where he lives?定語從句相當(dāng)于一個形容詞，用于修飾前面的名詞。如： The student who answered the question was John. 回答問題的學(xué)生是John.This is the man whom he is looking for. Do you know the girl who is in red? 語法賓語從句的用法 1.that引導(dǎo)賓語從句無意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分常省略。但下列情況除外： （1）介詞賓語從句的that不省略 （2） and連接的幾個從句，第二個從句以后的從句的th

21、at不省略。 He told me that he had two sons and that they both had gone to college. （3）在動詞+it+賓語補足語+賓語從句結(jié)構(gòu)中，that不省略。 I heard it said that he had gone abroad We found it impossible that he could finish it in such a short time 2.Whether ,if 引導(dǎo)賓語從句：兩詞可互換，但是下列情形除外： （1）whether從句中有or not （2）whether從句做介詞賓語 Ever

22、ything depends on whether you agree with us 3.許多帶復(fù)合賓語的句子，賓語從句經(jīng)常移到句子后部，而用it做形式賓語。結(jié)構(gòu)常是： 主語+動詞+it+形容詞/名詞等賓語補足語+賓語從句 We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone 4.賓語從句的語序要用陳述句語序 False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job

23、. B 有時候可以用it 作形式賓語，而把真正的賓語從句放在后面。Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible.Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours. Bad: He left whether we should continue this project to my judgment.Good: He left it to my judgment whether we sho

24、uld continue this project.C 帶有賓語從句的復(fù)合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。Bad: I think he doesnt like the English teacher.Good: I dont think he likes the English teacher.D 主句一般過去時態(tài)，從句也要用過去時態(tài)；具體細節(jié)請看第一部分。 False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner.Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner. bu HYP

25、ERLINK /Center_detail.asp?id=1876 l # 編輯本段賓語從句（版本三）賓語從句，在復(fù)合句中作賓語，位于及物動詞后。 egTell him which class you are in Do you know what he likes？ 注： (1)主、從句時態(tài)一致：主句謂語過去時，從句相應(yīng)過去時； He answered that he was listening to me. 主句謂語現(xiàn)在時，從句時態(tài)任所需； eg He says (that) he will leave a message on my desk. They know (that) he i

26、s working hard. 具體過去永不變，真理格言現(xiàn)在時； egHe told me that he was born in 1980. Father told me that practice makes perfect . （2）否定前移，及完成反意問句在think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine / expect等動詞后跟賓語從句否定式時，應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上去，完成反意問句時，應(yīng)與從句主、謂保持一致。（注: 否定前移的條件是，主句主語是第一人稱） eg I dont think you are right ,are you ? I dont

27、believe they have finished their work yet,have they ? （3）運用虛擬語氣的情況在表示：建議 suggest , advise 要求demand 、desire、require、request、propose； 決定 decide; 命令 order、command; 堅決主張 insist; 等動詞后跟賓語從句，用（should）+v（虛擬語氣） eg I suggested that you（should）study hard He ordered that we should go out at once （4）賓語從句后置情況如果賓語

28、從句后有賓語補語，用it作形式賓語，把賓語從句后置 egYou may think it strange that he would live there （5）賓從中that不可省略的情況賓語從句that?？墒÷裕谝韵虑闆r下不能省略 A當(dāng)主句謂語動詞帶有兩個或兩個以上賓語從句時，可以省略第一個that，其他不能省略。 egI believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get better B當(dāng)it作形式賓語時 egShe made it clear that she had nothing to do with h

29、im C當(dāng)賓語從句前置時 egThat our team will win，I believe 賓語從句（版本四） 一、定義和賓從例句分析賓語從句就是一個句子作動詞或介詞的賓語。A 作動詞的賓語:I heard the news.主語 謂語動詞 名詞作賓語Iheard that he would come here later on.主語 謂語動詞 一個句子作賓語-賓語從句B 作介詞的賓語:Hesaidnothing about the plan. 主語 謂語動詞 代詞作動詞的賓語 介詞 名詞作介詞的賓語Hesaidnothing about who broke the window last

30、 night. 主語 謂語動詞 代詞作動詞的賓語 介詞一個句子作介詞的賓語 二、帶有賓語從句的復(fù)合句的構(gòu)成帶有賓語從句的復(fù)合句就是用連接詞把一個主句和一個賓語從句連接在一起。連接詞有：that(可省略)，what, who, when, where, why, which, if, whether, how.1 He suggested (that) we should clean the corridor every day.賓語2 He told me (that) he would leave Dalian airport at 8pm.間接賓語 直接賓語3 He told me whe

31、re he was going to travel that summer.間接賓語 直接賓語4 He wanted to know what the manager had said at the meeting.who hadnt passed the exam.when she would leave this building.why she cried last night.where she was going to study.which student was his partner in the short play.if (whether) Tom could play b

32、asketball with him that morning.how she managed to solve the problem.why water flows from a high position to a lower position. 在例子4中，當(dāng)主句是過去時態(tài)時（一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時，過去完成時），從句根據(jù)不同情況必須使用過去時態(tài)的一種，（大自然的現(xiàn)象和真理除外）。5 He is wanting to know what I can cook for dinner.who broke the window yesterday.when I can have

33、a holiday.why I failed the exam yesterday.where I should have dinner with my friend tonight.which book is the best one.if (whether) I have passed the exam.how my cat escaped from the room last night. 在例子5中，當(dāng)主語是現(xiàn)在時態(tài)時（一般現(xiàn)在時，現(xiàn)在進行時，一般將來時，現(xiàn)在完成時），從句可根據(jù)不同情況使用各種三、注意A 賓語從句必須用陳述語序。False: He is wondering when

34、can he finish this difficult job.Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job. B 有時候可以用it 作形式賓語，而把真正的賓語從句放在后面。Bad: I thought that he could finish thisjob in just two hours impossible.Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours.Bad: He left whether we

35、 should continue this project to my judgment.Good: He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this project.C 帶有賓語從句的復(fù)合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。Bad: I think he doesnt like the English teacher.Good: I dont think he likes the English teacher.D 主句一般過去時態(tài)，從句也要用過去時態(tài)；具體細節(jié)請看第一部分。False: He wanted to know why h

36、e is crying in the corner.Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner.賓語從句的點點滴滴賓語從句是英語復(fù)合句中的其中非常重要的從句之一。它是用一個句子做另一個句子的賓語，將這個句子叫做賓語從句。賓語從句做介詞或及物動詞的賓語?，F(xiàn)在從下列三個方面總結(jié)歸納如下：一，引導(dǎo)詞A,由that 引導(dǎo)的陳述句性的賓語從句，在很多動詞如say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等動詞后。連詞that只起連接作用，在從句中不做句子

37、的成分，也無詞匯意義，在口語中常被省略，但在大多數(shù)情況下還是以不省為好，特別是在筆語中。例：I told him that he was wrong.l在think,believe, suppose, expect等動詞引起的賓語從句中，有時謂語盡管是否定意義，卻不用否定形式，而將think 等動詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问?。例：I dont think you are right. (我認為你做的不對)l在許多帶有復(fù)合賓語的句子中，that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句經(jīng)常移到句子的后面，而用it做形式賓語。例：We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone (我認為他向

38、每一個人撒謊是錯誤的)B,由連詞if、 whether 引導(dǎo)的表示“是否”的賓語從句。Whether,if 在從句中不做句子的成分，一般情況下，whether和if 可以替換。例：I dont know if/whether he will come tomorrow.The teacher asked if/whether we had finished the experiment.l在介詞后面的賓語從句中不用if引導(dǎo)例：Everything depends on whether we have enough money。l賓語從句中有or not時不用if引導(dǎo).例：I dont know whether the movie star will come or not.l和不定式連用作賓語時不用if引導(dǎo).例：Whether to go there or not hasnt been decided.C,由wh-引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。連接代詞who,whom,whose,