高中英語：unit3tomorrow’sworldreading學(xué)案牛津譯林版必修

1、M4U3 Tomorrows world學(xué)案Reading第一部分：重點講解1. Not only is every step of climbing Mount Qomolangma felt by the viewer, but also the cold, the tiredness, the food, the smells, the sights and the sounds of the mountain can all be experienced. 觀眾不僅能夠感覺到攀登喜瑪朗雅山的每一步，還能感覺到寒冷，勞累，品嘗到食物，聞到味道，感受到山上的風(fēng)景以及自然界的聲音。含有否定意

2、義的副詞或連詞放在句首時 句子要倒裝。例如：Never before have we seen such a sight.Little did I think that he could be back alive.Not until New Years Day shall I give you a gift.Not only was everything that he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship.常用否定詞有： never, not, hardly, scarcely, seldom, little, n

3、ot until, not onlybut also, no soonerthan, hardly (scarcely)when等。一般主句用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。2. Upon reaching the top of the mountain, a feeling of happiness and a sense of achievement will be experienced. (P42) 一到山頂，就會體會到一種幸福感和成就感。 upon/on +n./doing: as soon as sb. does sth. 一就On my arrival, I went to see my form

4、er teacher.=As soon as I arrived,On hearing the scream, all rushed out to see what was happening.=As soon as they heard the scream, all rushed out to see what was happening.Upon your arrival (= As soon as you arrive), please report to the reception desk.3. The sense of touch is passed on to the fing

5、ertips via thousands of sensors in the gloves. (P42): (1) hand or give sth to sb. else將某物交給某人pass sth. on to sb.Do not pass on the pain you suffer to those who care you. (2) die, pass away 去世 Im sorry to learn that your dear grandmother has passed on.(3) move on, not stop繼續(xù)前進(jìn)The police ordered the c

6、rowd to pass on(4) turn to (another topic)轉(zhuǎn)移到另一個話題。Lets pass on to the next exercise.pass sth on (GIVE) phrasal verb: to give someone sth. that another person has given you:Could you pass it on to Laura when youve finished reading it?pass sth on (TELL) phrasal verb: to tell someone sth. that another

7、 person has told you:If he provided us with any information, no one passed it on to me.pass away/on phrasal verb: POLITE EXPRESSION FOR die (STOP LIVING):Shes terribly upset because her father passed away last week.pass sth down phrasal verb: to teach or give sth. to someone who will be alive after

8、you have died:His is a family trade, passed down from generation to generation.My ancestor passed the song down from generation to generation. pass常用搭配及短語pass the exam 通過考試 pass the law通過法律pass down 把傳給后世 pass through 穿過；經(jīng)歷pass away 死亡； （時間等）消逝，（不安等）消失，（習(xí)慣等）革除；度（時間） pass by 通過（的旁邊）；忽視，避開 Whenever I

9、talk about the topic, she always tries to pass it by. 每當(dāng)我提到這個話題，她總是千方百計地回避它。pass off (時間)消逝；（怒氣等）消失；（暴風(fēng)雨等）消失Has your toothache passed off yet? 你牙還痛嗎？5. To add to the virtual world of RealCine, (P42): add vi. & vt. to put sth. with sth. else to increase the number or amount or to improve the whole:If

10、 you add (= calculate the total of) three and four you get seven.Beat the butter and sugar together and slowly add the eggs.Shes added a Picasso to her collection.If the tea is too strong, add some water (to it).Her colleagues laughter only added to (= increased) her embarrassment.The bad weather ad

11、ded to our difficulties.+ that She was sad, she said, but added (= said also) that she felt she had made the right decision.+ speech Oh, and thank you for all your help! he added as he was leaving.Its $45 - $50 if you add in (= include) the cost of postage.Dont forget to add on your travelling expen

12、ses/add your expenses on.add (sth) up phrasal verb: to calculate the total of two or more numbers:If you add those four figures up, it comes to over 500.She added the bill up.Im not very good at adding up!add up to sth (AMOUNT) phrasal verb: to become a particular amount:The various building program

13、mes add up to several thousand new homes.We thought wed bought lots of food, but it didnt add up to much when wed spread it out on the table.The cost for the holiday added up to 3000 yuan.add up to sth (RESULT) phrasal verb: to have a particular result or effect:It all added up to a lot of hard work

14、 for all of us.Their proposals do not add up to any real help for the poor.What you said added up to that you wouldnt give help.你說的話意思就是你不愿意幫忙。6. smells are given out through small openings in the headsets. (P42) give out phrasal verb (1) send out 散發(fā)（光，熱，氣味等）The flowers in the garden give out pleasa

15、nt smell. (2) be used up用光，耗盡 When my boy made the same mistake again, my patience gave out.(3) If a machine or part of your body gives out, it stops working; be tired out精疲力盡 After climbing up the mountain, I gave out.At the end of the race his legs gave out and he collapsed on the ground.(4) hand

16、out分發(fā) In order to go to school, the 7-year-old boy made money by givinging out leaflets in the street.give in (AGREE) phrasal verb: to finally agree to what someone wants, after refusing for a period of time: He nagged me so much for a new bike that eventually I gave in. The government cannot be see

17、n to give in to terrorists demands.give in (ADMIT DEFEAT) phrasal verb: to accept that you have been defeated and agree to stop competing or fighting: Youll never guess the answer - do you give in? She wouldnt give in until she received a full apology.give up (sth) phrasal verb: to stop doing sth. b

18、efore you have completed it, usually because it is too difficult: + ing form of verb Ive given up trying to help her.give sth up (NOT DO) phrasal verb: to stop doing a regular activity or job:+ ing form of verb Hes given up driving since his illness.Were going to give up our sports club membership a

19、fter this year.If only I could give up sweets!give sth away (FREE) phrasal verb: to give sth. to someone without asking for payment:The shop is giving away a sample pack to every customer.Nobody wants this type of heater anymore - I cant even give it away!He is so kind as to give away a large amount

20、 of money to the poor.give sth away (SECRET) phrasal verb: to tell people sth. secret, often without intending to:The party was meant to be a surprise, but Sharon gave it away.I wont give the game (= the information or plan) away.Dont trust him. He is sure to give away your secret.give sb away phras

21、al verb: to show someones secret feelings:She thinks no one knows how much she likes him, but her face when I said hed be there really gave her away!give sth off phrasal verb: to produce heat, light, a smell or a gas:That tiny radiator doesnt give off much heat.The wild flowers around the hill give

22、off a nice smile.give常用短語：give away vt. 1.送掉，贈送；2. 泄露（秘密）；3. 丟掉或錯失（良機）； give back vt. 1. 歸還，恢復(fù)I remember having given back the money to you.2. 反射（光線、聲音） give in vi. 1.屈服于，投降于（感情、壓力、請求） give in to sb./sth. 向某人/某事屈服 2. vt. 提出give off vt. 放出（光、煙、氣味等），散發(fā)give over vt. 交付，托付 He left giving the suspect ove

23、r to the police to me.giveover to 把交給give up 1. vt. 戒除（習(xí)慣等），放棄（嘗試，想法） give up+n./doing 2. vi.認(rèn)輸，投降，放棄give sb. up 放棄（病人等），對某人放棄希望 7. VR can provide teenagers with another way to experience the world and make their dreams come true (P43)make ones dreams come true: realize/live ones dream, turn ones dr

24、eam into a realityTo make your dream come true, you should above of all have confidence. We believe what you have devoted yourself to is sure to come true.In my experience wishing and hoping are poor strategies for making dreams come true, yet thats how many people approach work, often surprised at

25、their results. Dreams can come true, but there is a secret. Theyre realized through the magic of persistence, determination, commitment, passion, practice, focus and hard work.An argument has been put forward that (P43) put sth forward (CHANGE CLOCK) phrasal verb: to adjust a clock or watch to make

26、it show a later time, especially an hour later:Most European countries put the clocks forward in the spring.The clock has stopped. Please put forward the hands of it.put sth/sb forward (SUGGEST) phrasal verb (US put sth/sb forth): to state an idea or opinion, or to suggest a plan or person, for othe

27、r people to consider:The proposals that you have put forward deserve serious consideration.I wasnt convinced by any of the arguments that he put forward.Many suggestions have been put forward, but a decision is unlikely until after next years general election.The peace plan put forward last August h

28、as been revived for the latest round of negotiations. Its reported that Nanjing has put forward the general plan for city-building.put sb forward (RECOMMEND) Id like to put one of my friend for the position.She has decided to put her name/put herself forward as a candidate.put sth away (STORAGE PLAC

29、E) phrasal verb: to put sth. in the place or container where it is usually kept:Put your toys away now.Remember to put away your tools after work!put sth aside (SAVE) phrasal verb: to save sth., usually time or money, for a special purpose:I put aside a little every month for a deposit on a house.He

30、 tries to put some time aside every evening to read to the kids.put sth aside (IGNORE) phrasal verb: If you put a disagreement or problem aside, you ignore it temporarily so that it does not prevent you doing what you want to do:Lets put our differences aside and make a fresh start.Can we put that q

31、uestion aside for now, and come back to it later?He put his work aside to have a cup of coffee.put sth off (DELAY) phrasal verb: to decide or arrange to delay an event or activity until a later time or date:The meeting has been put off for a week.Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.+ i

32、ng form of verb I cant put off going to the dentist any longer.put sth up (RAISE) phrasal verb: to raise sth., or to fix sth. in a raised position:Why dont you put up your hood/umbrella (= raise it over your head)?I put my hand up to ask the teacher a question.I put my hair up (= fixed it into a pos

33、ition on the top of my head) for the wedding.put sth up (BUILD) phrasal verb: to build sth.:Theyre planning to put a hotel up where the museum used to be.Were going to put up a new fence around our garden.put sth up (FIX) phrasal verb: to fix an object to a vertical surface:Weve put up some new curt

34、ains in the living room.Posters advertising the concert have been put up all over the town.put up phrasal verb MAINLY UK: to stay somewhere for the night:We put up at a small hotel for the night.put up with sth/sb phrasal verb: to accept or continue to accept an unpleasant situation or experience, o

35、r someone who behaves unpleasantly:I can put up with the house being untidy, but I hate it if its not clean.Hes so moody - I dont know why she puts up with him.They have a lot to put up with (= They have a lot of difficulties).Such working conditions would never be put up with nowadays.put常用短語：put(s

36、et,lay) aside vt. 擱置一旁; 把（錢，時間等）留存起來，儲蓄; 抑制（憤怒等），忽視（忠告等）put away vt. 收拾起來，放好; 儲蓄=put asideput back vt. 放回; 撥回鐘表的針 put down vt. 放下，使乘客下車; 記下，寫下; 鎮(zhèn)壓put off vt. 推遲; 脫去，除去put on vt. 穿上; 增加（速度，體重等）; 上演put out vt. 伸出; 撲滅; 生產(chǎn)put together vt. 組合，拼湊 put up vt. 舉起; 建造，掛起; 提高（價錢） put up with vt. 容忍 put an end/

37、a stop to 制止，使停止put.to bed 使上床睡覺put.to death 處以死刑，殺死The teacher asked us to put things back after we finished the experiment.Before he left, he asked for my address and put it down.I dont want to put on more flesh.我不想再胖了。All trees put out green leaves in spring.所有的樹在春天都長出綠葉。9. In reality, my grandfa

38、ther can no longer walk, (P43)reality n. 1 S or U the state of things as they are, rather than as they are imagined to be:The reality of the situation is that unless we find some new funding soon, the youth centre will have to close.He escaped from reality by going to the cinema every afternoon.He s

39、eemed very young, but he was in reality (= in fact) older than all of us.She gives the impression of being generous, but in reality she is a very selfish woman.He was in reality penniless.他實際上身無分文。He was not angry, in reality, he was satisfied.2 C a fact:The book confronts the harsh social and polit

40、ical realities of the world today.Her childhood ambition became a reality (= happened in fact) when she was made a judge.objective reality 客觀實在 confront reality 正視現(xiàn)實change reality 變革現(xiàn)實 Virtual reality 虛擬現(xiàn)實sugar up reality 粉飾現(xiàn)實 to escape from reality 逃避現(xiàn)實negate reality; 否認(rèn)現(xiàn)實； translate an ideal into

41、reality 把理想變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實describe a scene with reality 逼真地描寫情景 translate ideas into reality. 將思想變成行動free in reality as well as in name 名副其實的自由10. Besides films, VR might also have some other uses. 除了電影之外，虛擬現(xiàn)實也許還有一些其它用途。besides adv. & prep. in addition to; also除之外還（包括在內(nèi)的除外）, 如同plus(+)They all went there beside

42、s Tom. 除湯姆去了以外，他們也都去了。Besides half a bottle of whisky, he drank three gins and some beer.Do you play any other sports besides football and basketball?She wont mind your being late - besides, its hardly your fault.I dont like the color of the dress. Besides, its too expensive.except prep. & conj. not

43、 including; but not除之外（不包括在內(nèi)的除外）, 如同minus(-)c.f.: except, except forexcept：表示除外時，注重客觀描述except for：表示除外時，除外部分往往是不同范疇，強調(diào)主觀情感，常譯為：要是就好了；只是； 就只They all went there except Tom. 他們都去了，只有湯姆沒去。I like all drinks except whisky. (I dont like whisky.)All the essays are well written except Johns.The museum is ope

44、n daily except Monday(s).The government has few options except to keep interest rates high.In this world, nothing can be said to be certain, except death and taxes. Its cool and quiet everywhere except in the kitchen. The essay is well written except for a few spelling mistakes. Everyone was there e

45、xcept for Sally. There is nothing to indicate the buildings past, except (for) the fireplace.He is a good man except for hot temper.They look very similar except that one is a little taller.Tundra cant hold still, except when she is interested in the camera.These attacks happen less and less frequen

46、tly except that she just had one yesterday after not having one for about 3 months. She knows that she should not eat foods that are very fat or fried foods.exception n. C or U someone or sth. that is not included in a rule, group or list or that does not behave in the expected way:Men are usually q

47、uite good at map-reading but Tim is the exception.There are exceptions to every rule.I like all kinds of films with the exception of (= but not) horror films.Her books are always entertaining and this one is no exception.You must report here every Tuesday without exception.but (EXCEPT) prep. & conj.

48、 except:Eventually, all but one of them promised to come to his leaving party.Hes anything but violent (= not violent in any way).Id have crashed the car but for your warning.This is the last episode but one (= one before the last) of this drama serial.Shes one of those guests who does nothing but c

49、omplain.This car has been nothing but trouble - its always breaking down!11. For example, firefighters could be trained using RealCine without the risk of sending them into a burning building. (P43)risk n. 1 C or U the possibility of sth. bad happening, possibility or chance of meeting danger, suffe

50、ring, loss, injury, etc: 冒險，風(fēng)險If you listen to me, there will not be much risk of losing money.如果你聽我的，就不會有什么損失錢的風(fēng)險。In this business, the risks and the rewards are high.Theres a high risk of another accident happening in this fog.+ (that) The risk (that) we might fail made us work twice as hard.+ ing

51、 form of verb Its always a risk starting up a new business.The company is quite a good risk (= safe to lend money to).We want clean rivers and lakes, where you can swim without risk to your health.Its a low/high-risk strategy (= one that is safe/not safe).2. C sth. bad that might happen:a health ris

52、k 健康隱患This wire is a safety/fire risk.His employers thought he was a security risk (= he might tell their secrets to a competitor).risk vt. 1 to do sth. although there is a chance of a bad result:Its dangerous to cross here. Ill just have to risk it.+ ing form of verb He risked losing his house when

53、 his company went bankrupt.2 If you risk sth. important, you cause it to be in a dangerous situation where you might lose it:Im not risking my life in that old car.He risked life and limb to get the cat down from the tree.She was prepared to risk everything on a last throw of the dice. high-risk adj

54、. before noun involving a greater than usual amount of risk:Only people who can afford to lose their money should make high-risk investments.at risk: in a dangerous situation:All houses within 100 metres of the seas are at risk of flooding.at the risk of doing sth: used before you say sth. that may

55、seem offensive or stupid:At the risk of seeming rude, Im afraid I have to leave now.At the risk of sounding stupid, how do I send this email?run/take a risk: to do sth. you know might be dangerous冒險Dont take any risks - just ring the police.at any risk =at all risks 無論冒什么危險，無論如何 He always does what

56、he wants to do at any risk. at/run/take the risk of 冒著的危險 He saved the little girl at the risk of his life.To get the medicine, he climbed up the mountain at the risk of falling down.第二部分：練習(xí)1. Not until the early years of the 19th century _what heat is. A. man did know B. man knew C. didnt man know D. did man know2. Not until I began to work _ how much time I had wast