北京四中中考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)：動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)二 基礎(chǔ)講解

1、PAGE 第PAGE 頁(yè)碼4頁(yè)/總NUMPAGES 總頁(yè)數(shù)4頁(yè)Evaluation Warning: The document was created with Spire.Doc for .NET.動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)二【真題再現(xiàn)】1.Hello, may I speak to Mr. Smith? 【2012福建福州】Sorry, he isnt in. He _the office.A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been away2. I _ Mr. Smith since he moved to Shanghai. 【2012北京】A. didnt he

2、ar fromB. dont hear fromC. wont hear from D. havent heard from3. She_ her hometown for many years. No one nearly knows her. 【2012 雞西市】A. has been away from B. has left C. had left4. Our English teacher is very nice. We_friends since three years ago. 【2012廣東】A. were B. became C. have been D. have mad

3、e5. He asked me where the 2012 Olympics _ held. 【2012湖南常德】A. was B. will be C. would be6. I _ TV when my parents came back. 【2012湖南永州】A. am watching B. was watching C. watched7. You havent been to the West Lake, have you? 【2012廣東】 _. But I will go there with my parents this summer vacation.A. No, I

4、havent B. No, I didnt C. Yes, I have D. Yes, I did8. What did the teacher say just now?Sorry, I didnt hear it. I _ out of the window.【2012 湖北荊州】A. look B. looked C. am looking D. was looking【答案與解析】1. B?？疾楝F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法。has been to表示去過(guò)某地，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來(lái)；has gong to表示去了某地，現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)回來(lái)。由答語(yǔ)中“Sorry, he isnt in”可知 “史密斯先生不在家，他

5、去了辦公室”。故選B。2. D。由since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，可知用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，句意為“自從史密斯先生搬家到上海我就沒(méi)有收到他的來(lái)信”。3. A。由for many years可知用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，句意為“她離開(kāi)家鄉(xiāng)許多年了”。4. C。由since three years ago可知用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，句意為“自從三年前我們就是朋友”。5. C。本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)，主句是過(guò)去時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句要用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)，表示過(guò)去將要發(fā)生的事，應(yīng)用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。6. B。句意為“當(dāng)我父母回來(lái)時(shí)，我正在看電視”，由“when my parents came back”.可知表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生的事，應(yīng)用過(guò)

6、去進(jìn)行時(shí)。7. A。本題考查反義疑問(wèn)句的回答，由于句子是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，回答的事實(shí)是否定的，即“沒(méi)有曾去過(guò)West Lake”，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定回答。8. D。表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生的事，用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，所以選D?！居梅ㄖv解】考試要求：英語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)共有十六種，但是中考?？嫉闹饕邪朔N，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)等時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成和用法，而且前五種是考查重點(diǎn)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)尤其是時(shí)態(tài)考查的重點(diǎn)，也是難點(diǎn)。本節(jié)主要講述一下現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)。1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+have/has+動(dòng)詞的

7、過(guò)去分詞例如：I have watched the TV play. 我已經(jīng)看過(guò)這部電視劇了。 We have lived here since 2008. 自從2008年我就住在這里。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法：（1）表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或者結(jié)果，常用的狀語(yǔ)有already, yet, not yet, now, just, by this time等。例如：The bus has come here. 公共汽車已經(jīng)來(lái)了。Someone has cleaned the window. 有人已經(jīng)擦了窗戶。（2）表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在而且可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用

8、，如this week, these days, so far, in the past few days, since the end of last year, for a long time等。例如：We have been here for two years. 我們?cè)谶@里兩年了。注意：（1）buy，borrow，die等非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（也稱為瞬間動(dòng)詞）的肯定形式一般不能和表示一段時(shí)間的for短語(yǔ)及since短語(yǔ)（或從句）連用，這時(shí)要用相應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞代替這些非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。例如：I have bought the bike for two years. ()I have had the bik

9、e for two years. ()由于buy是瞬間動(dòng)詞，無(wú)法延續(xù)兩年，所以改為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞had。瞬間動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換：buyhave stopbe over leavebe away come backbe backborrowkeep diebe dead beginbe on fall asleepbe asleeparrivebe hereget upbe up joinbe inbe a member例如：They borrowed the book two weeks ago. They have kept the book for two weeks A month has

10、 passed since he left home. He has been away from home for a month.（2）注意以下表示法的含義及用法：have been (to): 曾經(jīng)去過(guò)或到過(guò)（某地）（表示某人過(guò)去的經(jīng)歷）have gone (to)：去（某地）了 （現(xiàn)在可能在途中或已經(jīng)到達(dá)某地）have been in +一段時(shí)間: 已呆在某地一段時(shí)間了例如：He has been to Hangzhou several times. 他到過(guò)杭州幾次了。He has gong to Hangzhou, so he cant help us. 他去杭州了，所以他不可能幫助

11、我們。She has been in London for half a year. 她在倫敦已經(jīng)半年了。（3）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這一動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，如對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果、影響等，所以不能和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用；一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表示過(guò)去的事實(shí)，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，可以和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：Have you seen the film? Yes, I have. (表示結(jié)果：已經(jīng)看過(guò)了，因此了解了這部電影)When did you see it? I saw it last Sunday. (表示事實(shí)：過(guò)去做的一件事的時(shí)間)He has taught this

12、class for two years. （現(xiàn)在仍教著，或者剛剛停止）He taught this class for two years. （過(guò)去教過(guò)）2. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法：表示說(shuō)話的過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。這一特定時(shí)間除了有上下文暗示外，經(jīng)常和表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)then，a moment ago，at this time yesterday，at ten last night，at that time/ moment等連用。例如：What were you doing at this time yesterday? 昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候你正在做什么？ I was coo

13、king with my mother. 我正和我媽媽一起做飯。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別： A. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表某一行為的“片斷”,一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示行為的“整體”和存在的狀態(tài)。 I was reading the book at that time. (未讀完，“讀”的片段) I read the book yesterday. (已讀完，表整個(gè)“讀”) B. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)多與一段持續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 It was raining all night 整個(gè)晚上在下雨。He was writing a letter the whole of afternoon. 他整個(gè)下午在寫信。 C. whil

14、e引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句常用進(jìn)行時(shí)。 He broke a chair while he was jumping up and down. 他在跳上跳下的過(guò)程中弄壞了椅子。Dwhile 所在主從句動(dòng)作持續(xù)相等時(shí)間時(shí)，主從句一般都用進(jìn)行時(shí)；如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作一長(zhǎng)一短時(shí)，經(jīng)常是短的用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，長(zhǎng)的用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。 I was cooking the dinner while he was playing the piano. 他在彈鋼琴時(shí)我在做飯。 I saw him while I was walking to the station. 我在去往車站時(shí)看見(jiàn)了他。.3. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法：過(guò)去完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完

15、成時(shí)的用法基本相似，表示某個(gè)動(dòng)作在過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)完成，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)以現(xiàn)在為基準(zhǔn)，而過(guò)去完成時(shí)則以過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻為基準(zhǔn)。1. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或某一動(dòng)作之前完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。在強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在另一動(dòng)作之前時(shí)。例如：I had finished my homework before you came here.在你來(lái)這里之前我已經(jīng)完成我的家庭作業(yè)。 He said that he had seen you before. 他說(shuō)他以前見(jiàn)過(guò)你。2. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)詞可以表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)，這一動(dòng)作一直持續(xù) 或?qū)⒗^續(xù)下去。例如：The bus

16、 had already left by the time I got there.在我到達(dá)那里之前，公共汽車已經(jīng)開(kāi)走了。By six oclock they had worked for eight hours. 不遲于六點(diǎn)鐘他們已經(jīng)工作八個(gè)小時(shí)了。3. 在含有間接引語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，主句經(jīng)常是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。例如：He told me that he had already seen the film.他告訴我他已經(jīng)看過(guò)那部電影了。4. 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的用法：（1）表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間看將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常用在賓語(yǔ)從句中，由would+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。例如：They said they would come the next day. 他們說(shuō)第二天就回來(lái)。（