Unit2知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總

1、Id like to help homeless people.She decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up. Grammar FocusMario believes it can help him to get his future dream job.She volunteers there once a week to help kids lean to read.

2、Im making some signs to put up around the school. 動(dòng)詞不定式是一種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“to動(dòng)詞原形”，其中to不是介詞，而是動(dòng)詞不定式的符號(hào)，稱為小品詞，動(dòng)詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化。動(dòng)詞不定式和其后面的名詞等構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)，在句子中可以用作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。本單元主要學(xué)習(xí)其作賓語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)，賓補(bǔ)的用法。(一)動(dòng)詞不定式 一. 作賓語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）可以放在一些動(dòng)詞后面用作賓語(yǔ)，能以動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：begin, want, remember, agree, learn, like, decide, fail

3、, pretend, demand, refuse等。例：I want to tell you a story. They begin to work at eight every morning. Dont forget to lock the door. Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow? 二. 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如：The teacher asked us to read English for half an hour in the morning.The teacher often tells Jim not

4、 to spend too much time playing computer games.Please let me help you.動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表示賓語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作，可以用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：tell, ask, want, like, invite, encourage, help等。但在let, make, see, watch, hear, feel, notice, have等感官聽(tīng)覺(jué)動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式一般要省略動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)“to”，可以歸納為以下三種句式：1.不可以省to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：tell /ask / want /

5、 would like / wish / suppose / invite /encourage /teach/ depend on等 + sb.+ to do sth. 例：The teacher told us to come earlier tomorrow. I want you to go now. Her parents wish her to be a teacher. 2.省“to”的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)： Let / make / have + sb. +do sth. Let the boy go out now.The boy made the baby cry. see

6、/ watch / hear / notice / feel + sb. +do sth.I saw the students play basketball on the playground yesterday.I often hear the girl sing in the next room. 3.可省可不省的： help sb. （to）do sth. I often help my mother （to）do housework.否定形式：（1）動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式是直接在to之前加not. 例：Tell them not to play football in the stree

7、t.（2）省to的動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式是直接在動(dòng)詞前面加not. 例： Let the boy not go.三. 作狀語(yǔ):（1）作目的狀語(yǔ)。如：He stopped to have a rest. 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)詞不定式所表示的目的時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式可用in order to或so as to +動(dòng)詞原形，so as to不用于句首。如：The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers.（2）作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。如：He woke up only to find everybody gone. His grandma lived to see the liberation o

8、f China. He is old enough to go to school.（3）在某些表示喜、怒、哀、樂(lè)等的形容詞后作原因狀語(yǔ)。如:Im proud to have taken part in the competitions. e.g. Im happy to have found many things I can do.people without homesstart; establishmake something cleanmake someone happierwork in the open airmake something happen latergive som

9、ething to somebody in orderto help someone who needs helpto hang or stick something on (a board)clean upput upcheer upwork outsideoffer helpput offgive outhomeless peopleset upCan you match the phrases?Phrasal verb Sentence Meaning cheer upHe looks sad. Lets cheer him up.make sb happygive outWere go

10、ing to give out money to the poor.hand outcome up with We need to come up with some ideas.think up(二)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)一、定義 動(dòng)詞之后加介詞或副詞構(gòu)成短語(yǔ),表達(dá) 一種特定的含義,稱為動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。二、分類 1.動(dòng)詞+介詞 2.動(dòng)詞+副詞 3.其它類動(dòng)詞詞組 1. 動(dòng)詞+介詞look at 看 look like 看上去像 look after 照料 listen to 聽(tīng)welcome to 歡迎到 say hello to 向問(wèn)好 speak to 對(duì)說(shuō)此類短語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，其后必須帶賓語(yǔ)，但賓語(yǔ)無(wú)論

11、是名詞還是代詞，都要放在介詞之后。e.g. He is looking after his sister. She always takes care of these children.2. 動(dòng)詞+副詞 “動(dòng)詞+副詞”所構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)義分為兩類：A動(dòng)詞（vt.）+副詞 put on 穿上 take off 脫下 write down 記下此類短語(yǔ)可以帶賓語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)若是名詞，放在副詞前后皆可；賓語(yǔ)若是人稱代詞，只能放在副詞的前面。e.g. He took off his coat.B動(dòng)詞（vi）+副詞 come on 趕快 get up 起床 go home 回家 come in 進(jìn)來(lái) sit do

12、wn 坐下 stand up 起立此類短語(yǔ)屬于不及物動(dòng)詞, 不可以帶賓語(yǔ)。e.g. Come on! The bus is coming! close the door look the same go to work/class be ill have a look/seat have supper look young go shopping watch TV/games play games3、其它類動(dòng)詞詞組1.由put引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)put away put on put up put off put into put downput out 常用短語(yǔ)及用法把放好穿上，把放在上舉起，表現(xiàn)出，

13、張貼推遲，拖延把放入，把翻譯成記下，放下放出，伸出2. 由give引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)give upgive ingive outgive awaygive backgive off放棄屈服，讓步分發(fā)，散發(fā)；用盡，耗盡捐贈(zèng)，贈(zèng)送；分發(fā)歸還，恢復(fù)發(fā)出，放出3.由call 引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ) call on call up call in call at call for 訪問(wèn)（某人）；號(hào)召；要求打電話給；使人想起找來(lái)，請(qǐng)來(lái)訪問(wèn)(某處)；(車(chē)，船等)停靠(某處)需要，要求.由take 引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ) take back take after take away take down take up take over t

14、ake off拿回；使疑惑像拿走，減去寫(xiě)下，記下；拆卸占據(jù)空間接過(guò)；接管脫下；飛機(jī)起飛5. 由look 引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ) look after look for look at look into look through look out look out of look up look like照顧，照料尋找，找看調(diào)查；向里看瀏覽，快速地看小心向外看查找，查詢；向上看看起來(lái)像6.由show引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ) show up show off show around出現(xiàn)，露面炫耀，賣(mài)弄帶參觀7.由turn引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)turn upturn onturn offturn downturn toturn ove

15、rturn inturn out把(音量)開(kāi)大；出現(xiàn)，到達(dá)打開(kāi)關(guān)掉(煤氣、水、電等)把(音量)關(guān)??；拒絕向求助；轉(zhuǎn)向翻轉(zhuǎn)，翻身歸還，就寢結(jié)果是，證明是；生產(chǎn)1. I want to_ my plan to work in an animal hospital until next summer. Im too busy with my studies this year.2. She hopes to_ at least five primary schools to ask if they need volunteers for their after-school programs. 4a

16、 Fill in the blanks with phrasal verbs in the box.put up hand out call up cheer upcome up with give out put offput offcall up3. Our class is trying to_ some ideas to_ sick children because they are often sad.4. We decided to _signs around the school and_ notices to tell students about the book sale.

17、 We will_ the money from the sale to homeless e up withcheer upput uphand outgive out1) Id like _ homeless people.2) She decided _ for a volunteer after-school reading program.3) You could ask hospitals _ you visit the kids and cheer them up.4) Mario believes it can help him _ his future dream job.5

18、) She volunteers there once a week _ kids learn _.6) Im making some signs _ around the school.Fill in the blanks.to helpto try out to letto getto helpto readto put up1. I want _ (become) a policeman one day. 2. He wants the students _ (eat) well. 3. The teacher made his students _ (come) into the me

19、eting room on time. 4. The boy was free _ (go) where he liked. 5. Nobody tells him what _ (do) next. 根據(jù)提示完成下列句子。to becometo eatcometo goto doLanguage points 1. Ive run out of it. run out of = use up “用完”、“賣(mài)光”。句子的主語(yǔ)是人或使用的物。注意不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。e.g. I am running out of my money.= My money is running out of. We

20、are running out of the gas. = Our car is running out of the gas.2. I take after my father. take after 意為“在外貌、性格等方面與 (父母)相像”。 與take after意思相近的詞組還有l(wèi)ook like (看去像)、be like (像一樣)。3. I fixed it up. fix up = repair (修理); fasten (安裝)4. I give it away. give away 意為“贈(zèng)送”。5. Id like to thank you for sending mo

21、ney to “Animal Helpers” , an organization set up to help disabled people.(1) “Animal Helpers” 動(dòng)物助手, 一個(gè)幫助殘疾人而建立的組織。(2) thank sb. for 為而感謝某人 e.g. Thank you for your flowers to me.(3) set up 引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)省去關(guān)系代詞that的 定語(yǔ)從句。e.g. Thomas has a lab set up himself.6. You helped to make it possible for me to have Luc

22、ky. it在句中作make的形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)是后面的動(dòng)詞不定式to have Lucky。如：我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)好英語(yǔ)對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)很有必要。I find it necessary for us to learn English well. 【超鏈接】it還可用作形式主語(yǔ)，而把真正的主語(yǔ)置于句尾。如： 看太多的電視對(duì)你的眼睛有害。 Its bad for your eyes to watch too much TV. 見(jiàn)到你真高興。It is so nice to see you.7. I was excited about the idea of having a dog. be excited about意為“對(duì)感到興奮”，主語(yǔ)通常是人 ；而exciting意為“令人感到興奮的”，主語(yǔ)通常是物或事件。其他類似的詞surprising / surprised； interesting / interested等也是這樣區(qū)分的。如：他對(duì)這本有趣的書(shū)很感興趣。 He is very interested in this interesting book. 8. You see, Im only able to have a “dog-helper” because