高考英語(yǔ)形容詞和副詞講解匯編

1、更多精品文檔更多精品文檔人民，只有人民，才是創(chuàng)造世界歷史的動(dòng)力。（三）形容詞作狀語(yǔ)形容詞作狀語(yǔ)表示伴隨或結(jié)果，并不表示動(dòng)詞的方式。如：He returned home , safe and soundo他安然無(wú)恙的回到了家。The goat rolled over , dead。山羊翻了個(gè)身，死了。He is standing there, full of fear。他充滿恐懼的站在那。（四） 有些副詞置于句首可修飾全句，作評(píng)注性狀語(yǔ)。如：Fortunately , he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA。幸運(yùn)的是，他沒(méi)被淹死，被解放軍救了。學(xué)習(xí)

2、-好資料一、形容詞、副詞的基本用法（一） 多個(gè)形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的排列順序如果兩個(gè)及兩個(gè)以上的形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞時(shí)，與被修飾的名詞關(guān)系較密切的形容詞靠近名詞；如果幾個(gè)形容詞的密切程度差不多，則音節(jié)少的形容詞在前，音節(jié)多的在后。如：a small wonderful gift 。常用的順序?yàn)椋合薅ㄔ~（these, those, ） +數(shù)量形容詞（three） +描繪性形容詞（beautiful） +大小、長(zhǎng)短、高低等形體形容詞（large, long, high） +新舊（old） +顏色（red） +國(guó)籍（Chinese） +材料（wood） + 用途（writing ） +被修飾的名詞（desk

3、）為了方便記憶，不妨試試如下口訣：限定描述大長(zhǎng)高，形狀年齡與新老；顏色國(guó)籍出材料，用途類別往后靠。英語(yǔ)中有些形容詞既可以做前置定語(yǔ)，也可以作后置定語(yǔ)，但意義不同，常見(jiàn)的有：present （現(xiàn)在的/在場(chǎng)的），responsible （可依賴的/應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)的），concerned （憂心忡忡的/有關(guān)的），proper （適當(dāng)?shù)?正經(jīng)的，正式的），involved （復(fù)雜難懂的/相關(guān)的），absent （心不在焉的/缺席的）。如：the responsible man 可依賴的人the man responsible 應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)的人the present members 現(xiàn)在的成員the members

4、present 在場(chǎng)的成員卜he absent students心不在焉的學(xué)生t the students absent 缺席的學(xué)生Jthe concerned teachers憂心忡忡的老師們t the teachers concerned （與事情）相關(guān)的老師們（二）表語(yǔ)形容詞表語(yǔ)形容詞 （如：afraid , alone, awake, asleep, alive, alike, ashamed, afloat, well, sorry, unable, worth ,sure）并非只能做表語(yǔ)，它們還可以作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，有的還可作后置定語(yǔ)（一般不做前置定語(yǔ)）。如：To my surprise

5、, the driver is still alive after the traffic accident 。令我吃驚的是，交通事故發(fā)生后，司機(jī)還活著。The people, and the people alone, are the motive force in the making of world history 。Happily for her , her stepmother was kind to her。使她高興的是，她的繼母對(duì)她很好。Luckily , he was not hurt in the accident。幸運(yùn)的是，他在事故中沒(méi)有受傷。Obviously, you

6、r answer is absolutely wrong 。很顯然，你的答案絕對(duì)錯(cuò)誤。Naturally , you will want to discuss this problem with your parents 。你自然想和你的父母商量一下此事。（五）副詞enough的用法enough作副詞用來(lái)修飾形容詞、副詞時(shí)要放在所修飾詞的后面。如：students brave enough to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills 。足夠勇敢參加這個(gè)探險(xiǎn)課的學(xué)生肯定會(huì)學(xué)到很多有用的技能。S

7、trangely enough, some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless。很奇怪，一些著名的科學(xué)家具有粗心和細(xì)心雙重特點(diǎn)。cannot與enough連用，表示“再也不為過(guò)“。如：更多精品文檔學(xué)習(xí)-好資料You cannot be careful enougho你再細(xì)心也不為過(guò)。注意：enough的這種用法還可用cannot （never等否定詞） too表達(dá)。如:I was riding along the street and all of a sudden , a car cu

8、t in and knocked me down。You can never be too careful in the street。我正沿著大街騎車，突然一輛汽車橫插過(guò)來(lái)，把我撞倒了。在大街上，你再小心也不為過(guò)。（六）熟記下列幾句有關(guān)形容詞、副詞的固定搭配He;sdead/blind drunk （=very drunk ）.他喝的酩酊大醉。Hes wide awake.他完全沒(méi)有睡意。It raining/snowing heavily.雨/雪下的很大。Hes sound/fast asleep他睡得很沉。He ;s moving/breathing/drinking/smoking h

9、eavily .他吃力的移動(dòng)/喘著粗氣/酒喝得多/煙抽的多。The traffic / Hes moustache is heavy.交通擁擠/他的胡子濃密。The population of China is larger than that of Japan.中國(guó)人口比日本多。The price of the book is high/low.這本書(shū)的價(jià)格很高/低。=The book is expensive/cheap這本書(shū)很貴/便宜。though, (ever) since, in case等。如:（七） 有些副詞還可以作連詞，但作副詞時(shí)，常放在句末，如She promised to

10、phoneo I heard nothing , thougho=Though she promised to phone , I heard nothing。她答應(yīng)要打電話來(lái)，可我沒(méi)聽(tīng)到回信兒。二、形容詞、副詞的比較等級(jí)(一) 原級(jí)用 as -as, not- - as/ so- as, the same as such -as 弓I導(dǎo)。如：Henry is a worker as good as Peter (is)。=Henry is as good a worker as Peter (is)。=Henry is such a good worker as Peter (is)。Hen

11、ry和Peter一樣都是好工人。Henry dose not have so/asmany books as I have。Henry的書(shū)不如我的多。It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science。人們普遍認(rèn)為，教學(xué)是一門科學(xué)，同時(shí)也是一門藝術(shù)。as +形容詞+ as +數(shù)量詞 =數(shù)量詞+形容詞。如：The building is as tall as 100 meterso=The building is 100 meters talk這棟樓房有100米高。貌似同等程度比較結(jié)構(gòu)的一些固定習(xí)

12、慣用語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)中有些看似是同等程度的比較結(jié)構(gòu)，實(shí)際上它們是一些固定的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)。如：as long as只要，有之久；as far as至U地點(diǎn)， 就而言； as soon as 就；as well as又；as good as( =very nearly)幾乎一樣，幾乎，簡(jiǎn)直。如：I will work as (s。long as I live 。只要活著，我就要工作。He has experience as well as knowledge。他既有知識(shí)又有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。(注意此句的翻譯順序)(二)比較級(jí)學(xué)習(xí)-好資料.比較急修飾語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的有rather, much, still, even, far, a

13、ny （用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句）,a lot, a little, a greatdeal, by far, a bit, three times 等。如：The students study even harder than before。學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)比以前更努力了。. “the +比較級(jí)，the +比較級(jí)”表示越，越”。如：The more tickets you sell , the more money you will get 。你賣的票越多，掙的錢就越多。The longer you stay, the better （it will be ）。你待的時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)越好。.“比較級(jí)+ and

14、+比較級(jí)”表示“越來(lái)越”。如：The new city is becoming more and more beautiful。這個(gè)新城市變得越來(lái)越美麗了。. the +比較級(jí)+ of the two （+名詞），表示“兩個(gè)中的較的一個(gè)“ 。如：The taller of the two boys is my brother 。這兩個(gè)男孩中較高的那個(gè)是我哥哥。.用介詞by表示相差的程度。如：She is taller than I by three inches。= =She is three inches taller than I。）她比我高3英寸。I missed the last tr

15、ain by one minute。我差一分鐘沒(méi)趕上最后一趟火車。. 一個(gè)人所具有的兩種性質(zhì)的比較，用morethan結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“與其不如”。如：Ann acts quite unfriendly 。I think shes more shy than unfriendly。 （more shy 不可變?yōu)?shyer 或 shier）Ann表現(xiàn)的很不友好。與其說(shuō)她不友好，不如說(shuō)她害羞。.比較的對(duì)象不能互相包容，常見(jiàn)的句型是：a any other +單數(shù)名詞 all （the） other + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞比較級(jí) + than + anyone elseany of the other + 復(fù)數(shù)名

16、詞ithe rest of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞如：The Mississippi River is longer than any other river in the United States.密西西比河比美國(guó)其他任何一條 河都長(zhǎng)。any other country in AsiaI中國(guó)比亞洲任何別的國(guó)家都大China is larger thanany country in Africa 中國(guó)比非洲任何國(guó)家都大 I.比較的對(duì)象應(yīng)該相同。如：The climate here is warmer than that of Shanghai o這里的氣候比上海的好。The radios m

17、ade in our factory are better than those （made） in your factory 。我們工廠生產(chǎn)的收音機(jī)比你們廠的好。.注意比較結(jié)構(gòu)中的省略現(xiàn)象在日常交際中，彼此都明白的比較對(duì)象往往省略。如：What do you think of the film ?1 have never seen a better one。（后邊省略了 than this film ）Toms composition , if not better than , is at least as good as Jacks。（后邊省略了 composition）這種省略現(xiàn)象制造

18、了一定的障礙，在高考題中出現(xiàn)頻率較高，應(yīng)引起足夠的重視。.貌似比較級(jí)的一些固定習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)In no country other than Britain can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.只有在英國(guó)，人們才可能在一天中經(jīng)歷四個(gè)季節(jié)。（noother than只有，正是。它常用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，多用于書(shū)面語(yǔ)。）More than one student was given away a ticket to the concert.不止發(fā)給了一個(gè)學(xué)生去聽(tīng)音樂(lè)會(huì)的票。His whole school education

19、 added up to no more than (= only) one year.更多精品文檔學(xué)習(xí)-好資料他所受過(guò)的學(xué)校教育加起來(lái)僅僅一年。He prefers to stay at home rather than go to the cinema.他寧愿待在家里，也不愿意去看電影。He is far more pleased at the news.聽(tīng)到那個(gè)消息，他極其高興。(三)最高級(jí). 最高級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的有：序數(shù)詞，by far, nearly , almost, by no means, not really , not quite, noting like o如：The b

20、ridge being built now is by far the largest across the Yellow River。目前在建的那座橋是橫跨黃河之上的橋當(dāng)中最長(zhǎng)的。I b like to buy the second most expensivecamerao我想買僅次于最貴的照相機(jī)。.否定詞+比較級(jí)=最高級(jí)。如：There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends 。為朋友而放棄生命的人的愛(ài)是最偉大的愛(ài)。He has never spend a more worr

21、ying day。他度過(guò)了最擔(dān)心的一天。易錯(cuò)知識(shí)總結(jié)(一)表示倍數(shù)的幾個(gè)句型 times as +形容詞/副詞原級(jí) + as times +形容詞/副詞比較級(jí) + than times + the + 性質(zhì)名詞 + of The + 名詞 + be + times + that/those of The + 名詞 + be + times + what 從句如： At a rough estimate , Nigeria is three times the size ofGreat Britain。=At a rough estimate, Nigeria is three times as

22、 big as Great Britain 。=At a rough estimate, Nigeria is twice bigger than Great Britain。粗略估算，尼日利亞的面積是大不列顛的三倍。The output of this year is 3 times that of 2007.=The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2007.今年的產(chǎn)量是 2007年的3倍。After the new technique was introduced , the factory produced twice as

23、many tractors in 1988 as the year beforeo自從新技術(shù)被引進(jìn)以后，這家工廠1988年生產(chǎn)的拖拉機(jī)是上一年的2倍。表示不定數(shù)量的常用表達(dá)與名詞的搭配關(guān)系修飾可數(shù)名詞的有 ( a) few , fewer, (the) fewest, several, (a good) many, a (great/large/small) number of, hundreds of, dozens of, scores of, thousands of 等； 修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有 a bit of, (a) little , less, a great deal of, a

24、 large amount of, (the) least, much 等。修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞的有 all, a lot of, lots of, enough, plenty of, masses of, a large quantity of, large quantities of, more, most, some, any 等。如：Plenty of foreign firms have set up factories here。許多外國(guó)公司已在此設(shè)廠。Quantities of food were spend out on the table o許多食品被攤在了桌子上。具有兩種形式的副詞英語(yǔ)中有的副詞兼有兩種形式：一種是與形容詞同形；另一種是在該形容詞后面加副詞詞綴-ly構(gòu)成。這兩種形式的副詞在詞義和用法上有一定的差異，有的甚至完全不同。常見(jiàn)的這類副詞有：direct徑直地，directly恰好；free自由地、免費(fèi)地，freely自由自在地、隨便地；flat平坦地，flatly直截了當(dāng)?shù)?；short突然(=suddenly), shortly不久；even甚至，evenly平均地；clean完全地、 徑直地，cleanly清潔地、干凈利索地；clear隔開(kāi)、不接觸，clearly清晰地、明顯地；close近地，closely