專題五詞匯運用

1、專題五 詞匯運用一、根據(jù)句意寫單詞 根據(jù)句意寫單詞分兩種題型：一是根據(jù)句意填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~；二是根據(jù)句意及首字母提示補全單詞。在中考題中，此類題型主要是考查名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞的用法。在解題時要掌握一定的技巧：1.掌握句子的結(jié)構(gòu)、時態(tài)、語態(tài)并理解句子的含義。2.找出句子中的關(guān)鍵詞并根據(jù)句子或語境確定所要填寫的單詞。3.熟練掌握單詞的詞性和拼寫。例如：對于名詞，應(yīng)根據(jù)具體的語境判斷出用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)；根據(jù)句意判斷出是形容詞還是副詞，然后考慮用比較級還是最高級；對于動詞，應(yīng)根據(jù)句意確定用哪個動詞，再根據(jù)其他信息來確定用哪種形式；對于數(shù)詞，應(yīng)根據(jù)句意判斷出用基數(shù)詞還是序數(shù)詞。【范例】根據(jù)句意在空白處填

2、上適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，使句意完整通順。 1. Would you give me something to _？I am very thirsty 2. Dont make much _ here. The students are having a class 【解析】這類試題主要是考查同學(xué)們根據(jù)上下文進行判斷、理解、靈活運用詞語的能力。解題時先要根據(jù)句子所設(shè)定的情景來判斷所缺詞的詞義，還要注意根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷語法形式。做這類題目時準(zhǔn)確地選詞是關(guān)鍵，對于一些詞義相同或相近的詞，需要特別注意其用法區(qū)別。題1從very thirsty來分析應(yīng)填drink。題2從having a class可以推測應(yīng)填

3、noise。二、詞形轉(zhuǎn)換詞形轉(zhuǎn)換是英語測試中的常見題型之一，它主要通過考查學(xué)生對已具有的詞匯及語法知識的運用來測試學(xué)生的理解能力，在一定語境中考查詞匯，具有一定的綜合性和靈活性。做詞匯題時要注意運用以下技巧：1. 通覽全句，讀懂句意；2. 分析句意，判斷詞性；3. 抓住關(guān)鍵，注意聯(lián)想；4. 精心對照，確定詞性；5. 仔細(xì)復(fù)查，驗證答案。具體到各個題型，解題方法如下： 用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，為詞形轉(zhuǎn)換題型，把單詞的考查放在具體語境中。加強了測試考生具體運用語言的能力。它主要考查形容詞和副詞之間的形式、等級的轉(zhuǎn)換；名詞、代詞的形式轉(zhuǎn)換；動詞的五種形式的轉(zhuǎn)換。

4、做題時要注意以下方法和技巧: (1) 弄清所給詞的詞性。 (2)結(jié)合空格前后的詞，確定所要填入詞的詞性、詞類及單詞的拼寫形式，即要注意所填單詞在句子中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?、前后的修飾語、固定句式或固定搭配?！痉独?根據(jù)句意，用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. How many times do you brush your _（tooth）every day？ 2. His father has been _（die）for five years 【解析】 這種測試題型是目前各地中考中用得比較多的一種題型，旨在考查同學(xué)們在具體的語境中運用語言的能力，要求同學(xué)們既要熟練掌握單詞的各種變化，又要根據(jù)句意判斷該

5、詞在句中的作用，作何種成分，需要運用何種詞性。題1所給詞是名詞，根據(jù)句意應(yīng)用它的復(fù)數(shù)形式teeth。題2所給的詞是動詞，根據(jù)句意和其在連系動詞之后，應(yīng)用它的形容詞形式dead。 三、 根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子屬于翻譯填空題型，是按照各題的漢語意思用英語完成句子，考查對短語和常用句型的運用能力。在做題時要注意以下幾點:(1) 看懂漢語句子，了解所要表達的意思，聯(lián)想相關(guān)詞匯和句型，再考慮語態(tài)、時態(tài)、詞形的變化以及主謂一致。(2) 試填空格，如果空格數(shù)不符，首先考慮一些伸縮性的詞匯，如縮寫等。(3) 檢查。看時態(tài)、語態(tài)、詞性、數(shù)的一致等。 【范例】根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子。 1.Ther

6、e will be a strong wind from the _（北方）tonight 2. He stood there _（安靜）with a smile on his face 【解析】這類題目比第一類題目難一些，解這類題目不僅要熟記單詞，注意拼讀規(guī)則，還要注意寫出的單詞在句中的句法功能，即要注意選用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~形。例如：題1從from the來分析應(yīng)填名詞north而不能填形容詞northern。題2從He stood there來分析應(yīng)填副詞quietly作狀語，而不可以填形容詞形式quiet。 【范例】根據(jù)下列句子及所給漢語注釋，寫出空缺處各單詞的正確形式。1. Miss Brow

7、n taught_ (他們) English last term. 2. We dont think their classroom is _(干凈) than ours. 3. Is it the best one of the _ (照片) of your family ?4. I spent an hour _(寫) the passage last night. 【解析】做這類題要從語法的角度，認(rèn)真檢查所填英語單詞的詞形是否正確。如果填的是名詞，要注意它們是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)；如果填的是形容詞、副詞，要注意它們是否需要用比較級或最高級；如果是動詞，要注意它們的時態(tài)、語態(tài)以及語氣等。 例如：題

8、1 從teach用法分析，填them。題2 從后面的than分析用比較級，填cleaner。題3從the best one of the分析，填photos。題4 從spenddoing分析，填writing。 模擬演練I.用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. Even a child knows September is the _ month of a year.（nine）2. Our computer _ 5 pounds and costs about $2,000.（weigh）3. Yesterday I _ a new dress at the Macys for my mum

9、.（buy）4. I didnt want to be treated _ from anyone else.（different）5. She was _ in the kitchen when the light went out.（serve）6. When traveling, youd better take a map with _. (you) 7. The students in Class 2 are having a _ about how to achieve a balance between study and play. (discuss) 8. Though sh

10、e answered the teachers questions _, the teacher didnt blame her. (incorrect) 9. More and more people have their own cars. Thats why theres _ traffic than before. (heavy) 10. Why are you so happy today? Because I _ the badminton match. (win) 答案：1. ninth 2. weighs 3. bought 4. differently 5. serving/

11、served 6. you 7. discussion 8. incorrectly 9. heavier 10. have wonII.根據(jù)句意及首字母提示完成單詞。1. Its cold outside. Please put on your w_ winter coat.2. Last year we p _ a lot of trees around our school. And now they grow well. 3. This backpack is c _, but he still cant afford it. 4. May is the f _ month of th

12、e year. 5. Dont worry about me, mom. I can take care of m _.6.Try some more rice, please. No, thanks. Im f _.7. Have you ever c_ buying a new MP4 player? It is good for you to listen to English as well as music.8. The football star loves his girlfriend very much and he decides to get m _ to her next

13、 month.9. A terrible disease has just broken out in Europe and it has caused a number of d_ in some European countries.10. Many middle school students like reading Harry Potter, i_ me.答案：1. warm/warmer2. planted 3. cheap 4. fifth 5. myself 6. full 7. considered 8. married 9. deaths10. includingIII.根

14、據(jù)漢語提示，用單詞的正確形式填空，每空一詞。Rose went to the seaside and enjoyed _(她) the day before yesterday. 2. My sister studies hard, she often finishes her homework _(容易). 3. As we know,_(吸煙) is a bad habit, its not good for our health.4. I like lots of vegetables, such as cabbages, carrots and _(西紅柿).5. Many Chinese students have come to realize the _ (重要) of learning English.6. As we know, oil always _ (漂浮) on water. 7. He _ (點頭) to me in greeting when I entered the room. 8. We are very _ (自豪) that a pupil from our school has won the prize. 9. They