英語冠詞和代詞-PPT課件

1、冠詞KING冠詞不使用冠詞定冠詞不定冠詞aanthe零冠詞冠詞的分類冠詞的分類不定冠詞的用法a用在以輔音音素開頭的單詞前 an用在以元音音素開頭的單詞前.e.g. _book _ egg _ useful book _ underground roomaanaan基本用法：指人或事物的某一種類e.g. She is a girl. 她是女孩 This is a desk. 這是一張書桌泛指某人或者某物，但又不具體說明何人何物e.g. I can see a kite. A boy is in Grade 1. 表示“數(shù)量”，“有一”“每一”的意思e.g. We have six

2、classes a day. 冠詞的分類定冠詞的用法 基本用法：“特指”特指某（些）人或者某（些）事物，以便與其他的人或物有所區(qū)別.e.g.The book on the desk is Jims. 書桌上的那本書是吉姆的 The chairs are there. 椅子在那里指談話雙方都知道的人或事物e.g. Where is the kite? 風(fēng)箏在哪兒？（雙方都知道指的是哪只風(fēng)箏） Open the door, please.請把門打開（雙方都知道要打開哪扇門） 在敘述中，上文提到過的人或者事物，再次出現(xiàn)時e.g. ：I can see a kite. 我看見一只風(fēng)箏 ：

3、where is the kite?這個風(fēng)箏在那里？用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前，表示“一家人”e.g. the Blacks 布來克一家冠詞的分類定冠詞的用法 用在宇宙間獨一無二的天體名詞之前.e.g.the sun the sky the moon the earth用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級，及形容詞only, very, same 前e.g. I live on the second floor.我住在二樓Skating is the best sport in winter. 滑冰是冬天最好的運動用在某些建筑物和旅館的名稱之前The Palace Museum The Summe

4、r Palace用在表示樂器的名詞之前e.g. the violin the piano冠詞的分類定冠詞的用法 用在一些習(xí)慣用語中9.e.g.in the day in the morning / afternoon/ evening the day before tomorrow/ yesterday the next morning / week/ month/ year in the sky/ water/ field/ country in the dark in the rain in the distance in the middle (of) in the end on the

5、 whole by the way go to the theatre (cinema)冠詞的分類零冠詞的用法名詞前有了物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞和“”所有格時。.e.g. Our books those apples Jims pen附復(fù)數(shù)名詞在表示一類人或者事物時。e.g. They are teachers. 他們是老師。在專有名詞前e.g. China England在星期、月份、節(jié)日前e.g. on Sunday in August on Childrens Day 不使用冠詞的情況冠詞的分類零冠詞的用法在球類運動前及三餐名詞前。5.6.e.g. play footb

6、all/ basketball have supper在一些固定搭配中e.g. at night go to school at table by bike at work go to bed at school at home watch TV不使用冠詞的情況四、有定冠詞與無定冠詞的區(qū)別 be in charge of 負(fù)責(zé) be in the charge of 由負(fù)責(zé)；在掌管之下 by day 在白天 by the day 按日計算 It is out of question.那是毫無疑問的。 It is out of the question.那是根本不可能的。 three of us

7、 我們中的三個人 the three of us 我們?nèi)齻€人 take place 發(fā)生 take the place of 代替五、冠詞的位置冠詞一般放在名詞之前，名詞之前若有形容詞，冠詞要放在形容詞之前。但下列情況例外：1.冠詞放在quite，many，such，what等詞之后。 quite an interesting story2.so/as/too/how形容詞a/an單數(shù)名詞。 Its too difficult a problem.3.rather可位于冠詞前或后。 a rather cold dayrather a cold day4.half 可位于冠詞之前，也可位于冠詞之

8、后。 half an houra half hour5.all，both放在the之前。 all the books；both the boys一、單項選擇題1、_ book on the desk is _ useful one.A. The; an B. A; a C. The; a 、_ old lady in brown is _ university professor.A. An; a B. An; / C. The; a 、What can you see by the lake?I can see _ old man sitting on the chair.A. a B. a

9、n C. the、Have you had_ lunch yet?A. a B. / C. The、There is _ “f” in the word “wife”.A. anB. a C. The、He is _ best one in our school.A. a B. anC. TheCABBCC7、My brother can play _ football well and he can also play _ piano well.A. the; B. ; the C. the; the 8、lets go and have _ walk around _ school.A.

10、a; the B. /; / C. the; a 9、_ boy has broken the window.A. A B. The C. both A and B10、You may ask _ old man listening to _ radio under_ tree for_ advice about it.A. an; the; the; / B. the; / ; the; / C. The; the; the; /11、They work in _ same shop. They are paid by _ day.A. the; the B. a; a C. the; /1

11、2、what is _ plane? _ machine that can fly.A. the; the B. a; theC. a; A BACCCC13、It gave me _ great surprise that he had cooked such_ nice food.A. a; a B. a; / C. the; the 14、Its _ pity to be listened to by nobody.A. a B. an C. the15、Failure is _ mother of success.A. the B. a C. /16、_ number of _ stu

12、dents is more than 1,200.A. The; the B. A; the C. A; a17、Ships send _ messages to each other by _ radio.A. the; the B. /; a C. /; /18、_ orange is _ orange.A. The; a B. An; /C. A; an AAAACB19、There is _ apple and _ piece of bread on the plate.A. a; a B. an; a C. an; the 20、We dont know she is _ hones

13、t girl.A. a B. an C. the21、Do you want to be _ artist when you grow up?A. the B. a C. an22、A spaceship flies at about eleven kilometers _ second.A. / B. a C. the23、Betty is from Beijing. It is _ old city and _ capital of our country.A. the; the B. an; a C. an; the24、My daughter said the man had hit

14、her on _ face.A. a B. / C. the BBCBCC25、That is _ map of _ world.A. a; a B. the; a C. a; the 26、Lesson Four is _ difficult lesson, but it isnt _ most difficult one in Book 2.A. a; the B. an; theC. The; a27、Mr. Black didnt go to work yesterday because he was ill in _ bed.A. the B. a C. /28、Whats that

15、 over there? Its _ boat.A. the B. an C. a29、Mike is _ American boy. He studies in _ unniversity in Guangdong.A. a; an B. an; a C. an; the30、Have you got _ e mail address?A. a B. an C. / KeysCACCBB1.Could you tell me the way to _ Johnsons，please? Sorry，we dont have _ Johnson here in the village. A.th

16、e；the B.the；a C.不填；the D.the；不填 解析：the Johnsons 指Johnson一家的房子、診所等；第二空填a為泛指，“一個叫Johnson的人”。 答案：B2.I wanted to catch _ early train，but couldnt get _ ride to the station. A.an；the B./；the C.an；/ D.the；a 解析：the early train，早班車；get a ride to.，搭車去 (某地)。答案：D3._ walk is expected to last all day，so bring _ p

17、acked lunch. A.A；a B.The；不填 C.The；a D.A；不填 解析：the walk指大家都知道的活動；a packed lunch，指(外帶)一頓午餐。 答案：C4.I like _ color of your skirt. It is _ good match for your blouse. A.a；the B.a；a C.the；a D.the；the 解析：the color of your skirt，特指你的襯衫的顏色；a good match for表示和很搭配。答案：C 5.For him _ stage is just _ means of maki

18、ng a living. A.a；a B.the；a C.the；the D.a；the 解析：the stage 意為“舞臺”，而固定搭配a means of 則為 “的方式”(此處means單復(fù)數(shù)同形)。答案：B6.According to _ review of 44 studies，American researchers found that men and women who ate six key foods daily cut the risk of _ heart disease by 76%. A.a；the B.the；a C.a；/ D./；a 解析：由句意“根據(jù)由44

19、人組成的調(diào)查中”可知，此處 review表泛指；另外疾病前不加冠詞。答案：C7.Everywhere man has cut down _ forests in order to grow crops，or to use _ wood as fuel or as building material. A.the；the B.the；/ C./；the D./；/ 解析：復(fù)數(shù)名詞forests表泛指；下句中的wood是forests中 的，故為特指。答案：C8.I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over _ keyboard. You sho

20、uldnt put drinks near _ computer. A.the；不填 B.the；a C.a；不填 D.a；a 解析：表特指要加定冠詞；不定冠詞可放在單數(shù)名詞前，泛指一類人或物。答案：B9.This book tells _ life story of John Smith，who left _ school and worked for a newspaper at the age of 16. A.the；the B.a；the C.the；不填 D.a；不填 解析：life后有介詞短語作定語特指，故前加the；leave school意為“輟學(xué)”答案：C10.Would

21、you mind giving your advice on how to improve our business management? If you made _ most of the equipment，there would be _ rise in production. A./；/ B.the；a C.the；the D.the；/ 解析：make the most of 指“善加利用”；rise作名詞，泛指“提升、升高”時前無冠詞，但當(dāng)“提升之人(物)”時，前則加不定冠詞。答案：B11.The salesman said that _ thief was a young ma

22、n with _ brown hair. A.the；a B.the；不填 C.a；不填 D.a；a 解析：此處the thief為說話雙方能領(lǐng)會的；hair不可數(shù)名詞前一般無冠詞。 答案：B12.The shop needs more childrens toys in _ store，for the Childrens Day is just around _ corner. A.the；/ B./；the C.a；the D.the；the解析：in store意為“貯藏著、準(zhǔn)備著”；around the corne意為“在拐角處”；“即將來臨”。答案：B13.Will _ sofa d

23、o? Sure. But if you havent，_ chair is OK. A.the；a B.a；the C.a；a D./；/解析：考查冠詞。此處的sofa 和chair都是泛指一類物品中的任何一件，所以都用不定冠詞。此題易誤選A和B。答案：C14.Tom couldnt remember the exact date of the storm，but he knew it was _ Sunday because everybody was at _ church. A.a；/ B./；the C./；a D.the；/ 解析：根據(jù)句意，a Sunday表“一個星期天”；(be)

24、at church意為“做禮拜”。答案：A15.The party last night was _ great success.We sang and danced until it came to _ end at 1200. A.a；an B.a；the C.the；an D./；the 解析：success指“成功的人(事)”時為可數(shù)名詞，前可加不定冠詞；come to an end 表示“結(jié)束”。 答案：A代 詞語法聚焦與練習(xí)（ ）1If the question _ incorrectly, _ question will be given to youAis answered,

25、other Banswers, otherCis answered, another Danswers, another【解析】 首先由語態(tài)可以排除,項。主要區(qū)別other和another的用法。another是指另一個的意思，后面接單數(shù)，而other是指其它的，一般接復(fù)數(shù)，準(zhǔn)確答案是。（ ）2Which would you like to drink, coffee or orange juice? Please give me a cup of teaANeither BBoth CA11 DNone【解析根據(jù)回答，知道前面問的咖啡和橙汁都不要，所以應(yīng)該選擇 Neither，表示兩者中的任

26、何一個都不。而None用在三個以上的事物上。 C A（ ）3An old friend of my sisters always helps my brother and with EnglishAI; our Bme; ourselves CI; my Dme; us（ ）4His MP3 is the same as , but it is more expensiveAhimBmine CmyDher（ ）5Are the keys over there _ ?-No, Go and ask AnnaThey may belong to herAyou Byour Cyours DYou

27、rself（ ）6Im leaving for the examByebye, MumWell, make sure youve got _readyAsomething Banything Ceverything Dnothing DBCC（ ）7Sam looks like his DadThey are _tallAeither Bany Call Dboth（ ）8Is this the Greens house? No._ is over thereAHis BTheir CTheirs DThem（ ）9Where is my pen? Have you seen _ ? Oh,

28、sorryI have taken _ by mistake Ait, yours Bthem, his Cit, mine Dthem, hers（ ）10Is this kite _ , Tom? Yes, its mineIts made by _ Ayours, myself Bmine, myself Cours, himself Dyour, myselfDCAA數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱主格I you heshe itweyouthey賓格 meyouhimheritusyourthem漢語我你他她它我們你們他們一、人稱代詞2人稱代詞有主格和賓

29、格之分。通常主格作主語，賓格作賓語。如： like table tennis（作主語） Do you know ? （作賓語）3人稱代詞還可作表語。作表語時用賓格。如： Who is knocking at the door? Its 4人稱代詞在than之后與其他人或事物進行比較時，用主格和賓格都可以。 如：He is older than He is older than amIIhimmemeWho is the boy over there? -_ is my brother. A. He B. His C. Him D. Himself2. Do you know about Dav

30、id? -Yes, I know _ very well. A. he B. himself C. him D. his3. Last Sunday everybody went to the cinema except _. A. I and Tom B. Tom and me C. Tom and I D. me and TomACB二、物主代詞形容詞性物主代詞myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名詞性物主代詞mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs漢語我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他（她、它）們的1表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞分形

31、容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞，如下表所示。2形容詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞，可在句中作定語。Eg: teacher is coming to see us This is pencilbox3名詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，在句中可用作主語、賓語和表語。Our school is here, and is there作主語 Is this English book ? （作表語） NoMine is in my bag Ive already finished my homeworkHave you finished ? （作賓語）Ourhertheirsyoursyours -My p

32、en is lost. -Dont worry about it. You can use _.A. my B. mine C. me D. myself2. Sonia, is this your dictionary? -Oh, no, its not _. Ask Li Lei, he is looking for _.A. me, hers B. mine, him C. my, her D. mine, his3. _ school is bigger than _. A. Our, their B. Ours, theirs C. Theirs, our D. Their, our

33、sBDD三 反身代詞的用法【說明】反身代詞的慣用語： by oneself獨自 for oneself為自己，親自 of oneself自動地，自發(fā)地 help oneself to隨便吃，自行取用come to oneself蘇醒 make oneself at home不要客氣1. Mr. Wu put some fruit on the table and asked me to help _.A. myself B. herself C. himself D. yourself 2. Dont leave Mary by _. She is only two years old.A.

34、her B. she C. hers D. herself3. She cant mend her bike _.A. herself B. her C. hers D. she4. When Jonathan went to Spain with his sister, he bought a leather coat for her and another for _.A. him B. himself C. he D. hisADBA四、指示代詞指示代詞包括：this，that，these，those.1this和these一般用來指在時間或空間上較近的事物或人，that和those則指

35、 時間和空間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物或人，例如： We are busy days In days the workers had a hard time This is a pen and is a pencil2有時that和those指前面講到過的事物，this 和these則是指下面將要講到的事物，例如：The only thing you can change is yourself, and sometimes that changes everything. What I want to say is ; pronunciation is very important in learning

36、 Englishthese those thatthis3有時為了避免重復(fù)提到的名詞，?？捎胻hat或those代替，例如： Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai4this 在電話用語中代表自己，that 則代表對方。例如： Hello! This is MaryIs that Jack speaking?The life in Japan is different from _ in America. A. one B. that C. it D. those2. Who is t

37、hat speaking? -_ A. I am Ann. B. Its Ann. C. That is Ann.3. As a matter of fact, Saudi Arabias oil reserves are second only to _. A. Kuweit B. that of Kuweit C. Kuweitss D. those of KuweitBBD四、相互代詞表示相互關(guān)系的代詞叫做相互代詞。相互代詞有each other 和one another兩種形式。在當(dāng)代英語中，each other和one another沒有什么區(qū)別。相互代詞可在句中作賓語，定語。作定語

38、用時，相互代詞用所有格形式。We should learn from each other / one another.作賓語Do you often write to each other / one another? 作賓語We often borrow each others / one anothers books（作定語）The students corrected each others / one anothers mistakes in their homework（作定語）They visited _ home. A. each other B. each others C.

39、 each others2. We should help _. A. each other B. each others C. each othersBA五、不定代詞不是指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞，在句中可作主語、表語、賓語和定語?，F(xiàn)將幾個常用的不定代詞用法舉例說明如下：1some與any的區(qū)別1）some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，幾個”作形容詞時，后面可以接不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)動詞；可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動詞。Look! Some of the students are cleaning the librarySome rice in the bag has been sold out2）

40、any多用于疑問句、條件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容詞時，后面可以接不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)動詞；可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動詞。 If you have any questions, please ask meThere isnt any orange in the bottleHave you got any tea? 3）any和some也可以作代詞用，表示“一些”。any多用于疑問句或否定句中，some多用于肯定句中。How many people can you see in the picture?I cant see anyIf you have no money, Ill lend y

41、ou some【注意】與some, any結(jié)合的詞如something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑問句、條件句中的用法，大致和some, any的用法相同。含義及用法表示肯定表示否定用于可數(shù)名詞a few雖少，但有幾個few不多，幾乎沒有用于不可數(shù)名詞a little，雖少，但有一點little不多，沒有什么2few, a few, little, a little在用法上的區(qū)別 1）用作形容詞：Im going to buy a few applesHe can speak only a little Chi

42、neseThere is only a little milk in the glassHe has few friendsThey had little money with them2）a little和little也可以用作副詞，a little表示“有點，稍微”，little表示“很少”。 Im a little hungry(修飾形容詞hungry) Let him sleep a little(修飾動詞sleep) Mary, go a little faster, please(修飾副詞比較級) She slept very little last night3other, th

43、e other, another, others, the others的區(qū)別。用法代名詞形容詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)不定another另一個others別人，其他人another (boy)另一個（男孩）other (boys)其他男孩特定the other另一個the others其余那些人、物the other (boy)另一個男孩the other (boys)其余那些男孩常與one搭配構(gòu)成“one , the other ”句型 He has two brothersOne is 10 years old , the other is 5 years oldShe held a ruler

44、 in one hand and an exercise book in the some , others ”句型。Some went to the cinema, others went swimmingThis coat is too largeShow me some others, please4every與each的區(qū)別。each 1)可單獨使用 2)可做代名詞、形容詞 3)著重“個別”4)用于兩者或兩者以上中的每一個人或物Every1)不可單獨使用2)僅作形容詞3)著重“全體”，毫無例外4)用于三者或三者以上每一個人或物The teacher gave a toy to each

45、 childEach ball has a different colour當(dāng)我們說each child, each student或each teacher時，我們想到的是一個人的情況。而當(dāng)我們說every child和every student時，我們想到的是全體的情況，every的意思與all接近，表示他們都如此。Every student loves the English teacher= All students love the English teacher Every child likes playing= All children like playing5all和bot

46、h的用法。1）all指三者以上，或不可數(shù)的東西。謂語動詞既可以用單數(shù)，也可以用作 復(fù)數(shù)。在句中作主語、表語、賓語、同位語和定語。 All of us like Mr Pope我們都喜歡Pope先生。（作主語） = We all like Mr Pope(作同位語) All the water has been used up(作主語) Thats all for today(作表語) Why not eat all (of) the fish? (作賓語) All the leaders are here(作定語)2）both作代詞。與其他名詞或代詞并列出現(xiàn)，表示“兩個都”。 Lucy and

47、 Lily both agree with us They both passed on their sticks at the same time How are your parents? Theyre both fine與“of +代詞（或名詞）”連用，表示“兩者都”。 Both of them came to see Mary Both of the books are very interesting單獨使用，表示“兩者（都）”。Michael has two sonsBoth are cleverI dont know which book is the better, I sha

48、ll read both3）both用作形容詞，放在名詞之前，修飾該名詞，表示“兩者都”。Both his younger sisters are our classmates There are tall trees on both sides of the street1.no one1)只能指人，但不具體指什么人。不與of連用；2)謂語動詞用單數(shù)；3)表示“什么人也沒有”，一般用來回答who,及含anyone, anybody引起的疑問句。如：1)Who is in the room? No one.2)Is there anyone in the room?No one.2 none1

49、)可與of連用，具體指什么人或物；2)謂語動詞用單或復(fù)數(shù)；3)暗示一種數(shù)量，即指數(shù)量上“一個也沒有”。一般用來回答how many +n, how much +n及含any +n引起的疑問句。請看：1)None of us have/has seen him.2)How many students are there in the room? None.3)Is there any water in the kettle? None.4)How much money do you have on you? None.3. nothing1)指物；2)謂語用單數(shù)；3)一般用來回答含anythin

50、g的一般問句及what引起的特殊問句。請看：1)What is in the box? Nothing.2)Is there anything in the sky? Nothing.3)Can you see anything without glasses? Nothing.no, none, no one, not, nothing的用法 (1) no 是形容詞只能修飾名詞。 not 是副詞修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞等。 none 是代詞可以做主語，賓語，表語。No可以修飾各種類型的名詞：He has no（not any）wife，no friends，no money.當(dāng)主語為兩個由no

51、修飾的名詞時，動詞用單數(shù)形式：No TV and no radio is necessary for me（但：A TV and a radio are necessary）(2) nobody, no one, nothing和none常用作簡略答語，一般情況下，nothing回答what問句； nobody 和no one回答who問句；none回答how many或how much問句Whats in the box ? Nothing. Who is in the classroom?Nobody / No one.How many people are there in the park?None. (3) no one作主語時謂語動詞只用單數(shù)形式；none做主語時，謂語動詞用單復(fù)數(shù)形式均可。用單數(shù)更為正式一點 none of my friends is/are interested in basketball(4) none