高等學校研究生英語綜合教程上Unit-課件1

1、高等院校研究生英語系列教材綜合教程（上）INTEGRATED COURSEUnit 1 Unit 1Planning your future careerTraits of the Key PlayersReading FocusIntroductionQuestion A: _?Answer: “Key player” refers to _ _.Question B: _? Answer: Companies recruit their staff either by _, or _ _Reading Focus Global UnderstandingTask 1 (11)What do

2、es the term “key players” refer to (Para. 1)a handful of staff you can counton in a given area of expertise to get the job doneHow do companies recruit “key players”hiring “key players” from another companyfrom “newbies” who seem to have the same traits as those top people. (Para. 2)1. Every company

3、 has a handful of staff in a given area of expertise that you can count on to get the job done. (Para. 1)staff: (n.) the group of people who work for an organization e.g. There is a good relationship between staff and pupils at the school.以staff 做主語的句子，謂語動詞可以是單數(shù)，也可以用復數(shù) e.g. The staff has been cut by

4、 a quarter over the past year. The staff are not very happy about the latest pay increase.Reading Focus Language Point be on the staff of: be a member of 擔任的工作 e.g. He is on the editorial staff of the New York Times.staff (v.) provide with staff 給配備職員e.g. How many employees will it take to staff thi

5、s resort? We have not enough money to staff all our schools.2. serve on the staff of 擔當（某機構）職員 e.g. Most of our offices are staffed by volunteers.Reading Focus Language Point expertise (n.) special skill or knowledgee.g. A foreign coach has special knowledge and expertise. We are amazed at his exper

6、tise on the ski slope. 辨析 expertise (n.) 和 expert (n.; adj.) My mother is an _ at dress-making. I thought your handling of the situation was _.Mary has considerable _ in French history. expertiseexpertexpertReading Focus Language Point 2. We hold them up to the standards we see in our top people. (P

7、ara. 2)Paraphrase: We evaluate them by the standard traits our key players show to us.Reading Focus Language Point A. Importance of the trait: (Para. 4) According to John Fetzer, _.B. Ways of developing the trait: (Para. 5) a. _ _. b. _ _. c. _ _ as a person who fosters and initiates collaborationsa

8、nd make sure _.Trait 1: The selfless collaborator one cant succeed in an industryenvironment without the mindset of being collaborative and selflessWorking together with scientists from other labs and disciplines in pursuit of a common goalA liberal use of the pronoun “we” and not just “I”, when des

9、cribing your accomplishmentsTo develop a reputation inside your lab and with people yourlab collaborates withthis quality gets mentioned bythose who will take those reference phone callsReading Focus Global Understanding3. It deserves repeating because it is the single most public difference between

10、 academia and industry. (Para. 4)deserve: (v.) be worthy ofe.g. You deserve a promotion after all the hard work you have done. I think they deserve to be congratulated.Reading Focus Language Point Reading Focus Language Point 4.“The business environment is less lone-wolf and competitive, so signs of

11、 being collaborative and selfless stand out. (Para. 4)The sentence means: Compared with academia, the business environment requires less capability in doing individual research and there are less competitions among individual workers, so people or behaviors showing the traits of being collaborative

12、and selfless are easily recognized.lone wolf: someone who prefers to be alonee.g. He is a lone wolf, apparently wanting no friends and seeking no man. 文中是名詞 lone wolf 當形容詞用。stand out: to be very noticeablee.g. We had lots of good applicants for the job, but one stoodout from the rest.Reading Focus L

13、anguage Point Paraphrase: Many postdoctors and graduate students find it very hard to adapt themselves to this transition since they have devoted much of their life to doing independent research work and trying to do better than their peers. Reading Focus Language Point 5. Many postdocs and grad stu

14、dents have a tough time showing that they can make this transition because so much of their life has involved playing the independent researcher role and outshining other young stars. (Para. 5)involve1) imply, make necessary e.g. The operation involves putting a small tube into your heart.2) implica

15、te person in charge, crime， etc.e.g. The four men were all involved in organizing and carrying out the murders.3) include sb. or sth. in sth. or to make them take part in or feel part of it e.g. Do we need to involve someone from the computer department at this stage in our discussion?Reading Focus

16、Language Point outshine: (v.) to be better or more impressive than sb. or sth. else e.g. Several new players outshone the veterans.動詞前綴 “out”主要有三種意思: 1) doing better than e.g. She outran him. 2) being or becoming bigger, further, greater than someone or something else e.g. Shes outgrown her clothes.

17、 She outlived her brother. 3) outside or beyond something e.g. an outbuilding 附屬建筑物 outlying areas 郊區(qū)Reading Focus Language Point 6. You can make yourself more attractive to companies by working together with scientists from other laboratories and disciplines in pursuit of a common goaland documenti

18、ng the results on your rsum. (Para. 5) 介詞詞組“in pursuit of a common goal”當狀語，相當于during the process of pursuing a common goal.“and documenting the results on your rsum. ” 意為“并且為你的個人履歷上的內(nèi)容提供事跡證明。”result (n.) : the achievement of something e.g. She certainly knows how to get results. For best results, a

19、lways use fresh ingredients when you are cooking.Reading Focus Language Point document:(n.) a paper or set of papers with written or printed information, esp. of an official type. e.g. A document certifying ownership. I stamp the document. (v.) prove by or support with documents such as references,

20、certificates and credentials. e.g. His interest in cricket has been well-documented by the media. Reading Focus Language Point Importance of the trait:According to Don Haut, _.Reading Focus Global UnderstandingTrait 2: A sense of urgencyone way that companies win thecompetition that happens 24/7/365

21、 is to get “there” faster. This trait is a requirement not only for people who can act quickly, but for those who can think fast with the courage to act on their own conviction (Para. 7) Trait 3: Risk toleranceImportance of the trait:A. _. Supporting evidence: a. _. b. _.B. _ _. Supporting evidence:

22、 a. _ _. b. What Don Haut says.Being OK with risk is something that industry demandsQuotation from one of the clients in a job description （Para. 8）What Don Haut says (Para. 9)Failure is important because it shows you were not afraid to take chancesCompanies consistently look for candidates who can

23、be wrong and admit it (Para. 10)Reading Focus Global Understanding7. In a business, you need to understand the process, but you end up falling in love with the answer and then take a risk based on what you think that answer means to your business. (Para. 9)“falling in love with the answer” means “be

24、ing much interested in the answer”翻譯：在企業(yè)里，你需要了解過程，但最終你會迷上答案， 然后根據(jù)你認為該答案對你的企業(yè)所具有的意義來冒 風險。Reading Focus Language Point end up1) to be finally in a particular situation, state, or place , after a series of events e.g. Most slimmers end up putting weight back on. Anyone who swims in the river could end

25、up with a nasty stomach upset.2) arrive e.g. If you drive your car like that, youll end up in hospital.3) finishe.g. The politician finally ended up his speech.Reading Focus Language Point Trait 4: Strength in interpersonal relationshipsImportance of the trait:A. _ _. Supporting evidence: According

26、to Rick Leach, _. B. It would be a mistake to assume that _ _. Supporting evidence: _ _ _.For people in business roles, interpersonal abilities make the difference between success and failure (Para. 11) working for a business requires people skills.strong people skills arerequired only for business

27、people (Para. 12)The key players who succeed in their work at the bench in industry environment in great measure depends on their ability to work with a broad variety of personalitiesReading Focus Global Understanding8. The scientist who is transitioning into the business world must prioritize his o

28、r her relationship assets above their technical assets. (Para. 11) prioritize (v.) :to put things in order of importance so that the most important ones are done first e.g. When you have twenty tasks for the day, all of them urgent, its not easy to prioritize them.Reading Focus Language Point asset:

29、 (n.) 1) the things a company owns, that can be sold to pay debts(通常用作復數(shù)) 資產(chǎn)e.g. a corporation with $9 billion in assets the value of a companys assets2) something or someone that is useful because they help you secceed or deal with problems 有利的東西e.g. A sense of humor is a great asset in this busine

30、ss. I think Rachel would be an asset to the department.Reading Focus Language Point 辨析 prior; priority; prioritize1) He had showed no signs of being in pain _ to suffering a heart attack. 2) Banks usually give _ to large businesses when deciding on loans. 3) The public wants to see the fight against

31、 crime _.Reading Focus Language Point priorpriorityprioritized9. To suddenly be valued and measured by your mastery of human relationships can be a very scary proposition for a person who has been valued and measured only by his mastery of things,” says Rick. (Para. 11 )不定式短語 “To suddenly be valued

32、and measured by your mastery of human relationships”當主語，全句的意思是： For a person who has been estimated and evaluated only by his skillfulness in dealing with the physical world, it is a very frightening prospect to be suddenly estimated and evaluated by the skillfulness in building up human relationshi

33、position (n.): problem, prospecte.g. Finding a buyer for this old car is not an easy proposition. The proposition of working all night was quite depressing.Reading Focus Language Point 10. Indeed, the key players Ive met who work at the bench in industry have succeeded in great measure because

34、 theyve been able to work with a broad variety of personalities, up and down the organization. (Para. 12) in (a) great/some measure e.g. The children were given a great measure of independence. He is in some measure rather careless.翻譯：事實上，我所遇見的在企業(yè)工作的核心員工們之所以取得成功，很大程度上是因為他們 能夠與公司上下各種各樣的人共事。Reading Fo

35、cus Language Point personality (n.):1. someones character, especially the way they behave towards other people 個性e.g. He was an ambitious man with strong personality. 2.someone who is famous often appears in newspapers , on television etc, especially an entertainer or sports person 名人e.g. One of the

36、 most well-liked TV personalities3. someone who has a very strong character and is very different from other people 人物e.g. He was a dynamic personality in the business world.Reading Focus Language Point 辨析 personality person people humanHe is quite a_ in the district.It is a horrible thing to see on

37、e _ make another suffer.Ireland was inhabited by two _.He lived for the _ and died for the _.That was the beginning of the life of us _.Reading Focus Language Point personalitypersonpeoplespeoplepeoplehumansTask 2 （14）Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the sentence from the text.

38、 (P12) Key: 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Reading Focus Detailed Information B AD BDBC B B B1. Never trouble trouble till trouble troubles you. 2. I think that that that that that student wrote on the blackboard was wrong. 3. I know. You know. I know that you know. I know that you know that I know.Just Relax!Ke

39、y 1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- 9- 10- 11- 12- Vocabulary in ActionTask 1Choose the answer that is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the sentence. (P.15)ACCBDDCAReading Focus Vocabulary in Action BDDApubliccDetails of the highly sensitive information have not been made _.2. Working at home requ

40、ires a good deal of _.3. He never ceased to be amazed by her physical _.4. The article made no _ to previous research on the subject.5. The great _ of our plan lies in its simplicity.6. The palace and its grounds are open to the _ during the summer months.7. Supporters _ outside the courtroom during

41、 the trial.Task 2Read the words and their explanations in the box in page 16. Choose a word to complete each of the sentences below and explain its meaning. Change the form if necessary.disciplinebstrengthareferenceastrengthdpublicademonstratedbReading Focus Vocabulary in Action 8. I didnt enjoy stu

42、dying PhilosophyI found it too much of a theoretical _.9. Ask your teacher to act as one of your _.10. He said he left the company because of a _ clash with the director.11. Different cultures have different ways of _ their children.12. The study _ the link between poverty and malnutrition.13. The d

43、isclosure of the information will not be a criminal offence if it can be shown that it was in the _ interest.14. The book will become a standard work of _.15. Its partly the architecture which gives the town its _.disciplinecreferencescpersonalityadiscipliningddemonstrates apublicdreferencebpersonal

44、itycReading Focus Vocabulary in Action Task 3Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate word from the box. Change the form if necessary. (P17)Reading Focus Vocabulary in Action prioritize cite pay teamwork creditdemonstrate setting adjust rule discourage pursuit employmentThe independence-versus

45、-interdependence issue has been written about regularly and is often introduced as the major issue separating the two worlds of scientific 1)_ : academic and industrial. For decades, academia has 2) _lip service to the idea of collaboration, but the incentive-and-reward system has been slow to 3)_ .

46、 employmentpaidadjustDespite the widespread interest in collaboration and its obvious value in an academic 4)_ , collaboration remains informal and is actually 5)_ by the tenure process, in which scholars are penalized for sharing 6)_ for their work with others.Reading Focus Vocabulary in Action pri

47、oritize cite pay teamwork credit demonstrate setting adjust rule discourage pursuit employmentsettingdiscouragedcreditLarge-scale academic collaboration has taken place successfully in the past; the Manhattan Project and contemporaneous radar research, and numerous experimental particle physics proj

48、ects, to 7) _ just a few examples, are not perhaps academic in the purest sense, but they 8)_ that academic scientists can play well with others. More recently, new systems biology studies are bringing a sense of 9)_ into academic life science labs, but there have been some growing pains. Still, in

49、most of academic scienceincluding the life sciencethe lone wolf still 10)_.Reading Focus Vocabulary in Action prioritize cite pay teamwork credit demonstrate setting adjust rule discourage pursuit employmentteamworkdemonstrateciterulesWhy Do We Work?Reading MoreText ExplorationComplete the following

50、 extract with information from the text.We work for money, but also for sanity. Lawyers expect to be well compensated in dollars, also in 1)_ ways. The key elements of noneconomic compensation include:1. Professional identityLaw firms pay psychic compensation by 2)_ professional prerogatives, provid

51、ing lawyers with autonomy in matters of professional judgment, and affirming the special respect 3)_ to lawyers who 4)_ to ethical standards in all of their professional dealings. Whats more, they need to take care not to impinge on lawyers exercise of 5)_ professional judgment. This is equally impo

52、rtant to professional autonomy.2. Personal prideLawyers compensate themselves with the powerful 6)_ of a job well done. For an elite firm, its unwise to 7)_ the drive to excellence, even when its not cost effective in the short term.Reading MoreGlobal understandingnonmonetaryrecognizingdueconsidered

53、adhereself-affirmationimpede3. IdealismSlaking lawyers 8)_ for justice is an important element of psychic compensation. An elite firm supports pubic service efforts, thereby compensating its professionals, and 9)_ itsinstitutional obligations to society at the same time.4. RecognitionBoth formal and

54、 informal recognition is called for in psychic compensation, the 10)_ of which requires a little extra effort on the part of management. To 11)_ the purpose, different forms of acknowledging achievement such as elaborate dinners, parties, casual events, formal award programs, 12) _ of public recogni

55、tion, even a congratulatory e-mail or phone call are among the choices.Reading MoreGlobal understandingthirstdischargingrenderingserveceremonies5. Institutional prideGiving lawyers cause to be proud to be 13) _ of the firm is the final element of psychic compensation. This requires the management to

56、 14)_ itself to building the firm as an integrated and thriving institution.In sum, to attract top legal talent, law firm managers must 15)_ to both the physical and psychic needs of their lawyers.Reading MoreGlobal understandingbelongingcommitattendCritical ThinkingReading MoreSamuel Johnson suppli

57、ed an obvious answer when he famously observed, “No man but a blockhead ever wrote, except for money.” (Para. 1)observe (vt.)1. 觀察例： Olson also studies and observes the behaviour of babies. 奧爾森還研究并觀察嬰兒的行為。2. 評述正式例： We observe that the first calls for radical transformation did not begin until the pe

58、riod of the industrial revolution. 我們認為，首次要求徹底改革的呼聲直到工業(yè)革命時期才出現(xiàn)。3. 遵從例： The army was observing a ceasefire. 軍隊當時在遵守一項?；饏f(xié)議。4. 慶祝例： .where he will observe Thanksgiving with family members. 在那里他將與家人一起慶祝感恩節(jié)。 Why do we work? For money, but also for sanity. (Para. 2) sanity (n.) : 1) the condition of being

59、 mentally healthy 心智健全 e.g. She wondered if she was losing her sanity. 2) the condition of being reasonable and sensible 理智 e.g. Sanity appears to be returning to the stock market. I took a vacation to try to recover my sanity.翻譯：我們?yōu)槭裁垂ぷ?？為錢，也為有明智的頭腦。Reading More Language Point Reading More Language

60、Point Many lawyers define themselves with reference to the privileges and attributes of their profession. (Para.3)paraphrase:Many lawyers interpret themselves in terms of the privileges and attributes the profession provides.define: (v.)to describe something correctly and thoroughly, and to say what